The Juba Peace Agreement, also known as the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan, or simply the Juba Agreement, is a peace agreement, with a preliminary signing on 31 August 2020, in Juba,

South Sudan South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the C ...

, by the Sudanese government, headed by Abdallah Hamdok and in the presence of the head of the

Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...

ese Sovereignty Council, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, with the

Sudanese Revolutionary Front The Sudan Revolutionary Front ( ar, الجبهة الثورية السودانية, translit=Al-Jabhat Al-Thawriyat Al-Sudan), or the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF), is an alliance between Sudanese factions that was created in opposition to the ...

, which includes the five main Sudanese rebel groups, and at the head the Justice and Equality Movement and the Sudan Liberation Movement, both from the

Darfur Darfur ( ; ar, دار فور, Dār Fūr, lit=Realm of the Fur) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju ( ar, دار داجو, Dār Dājū, links=no) while ruled by the Daju, ...

region in the west, and the

Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North Sudan People's Liberation Movement – North ( ar-at, حركة الشعبية لتحرير السودان-الشمال, Harakat Al-Sha'abi Li-Tahrir Al-Sudan-Al-Shamal), or SPLM–N, is a political party and militant organisation in the Republic ...

, which is leading a rebellion against the Sudanese government in South Kordofan and Blue Nile. The agreement is a step in the Sudanese peace process that aims to achieve stability and peace in Sudan after decades of multiple civil conflicts, which have killed more than 300,000 people and displaced more than 2.5 million, according to estimates, especially after the

conflict in Darfur The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups bega ...

has expanded since 2003. In 2023 a large scale conflict broke out across the country.

Signatories

* Justice and Equality Movement * Sudan Liberation Movement *

* Sudanese government *

* Tamazuj

Agreement protocols

The agreement includes eight protocols, including: *Reorganizing and reconfiguring the security forces and the army, whereby, according to the agreement, members of the armed movements will be integrated into the government forces upon the dissolution of the Front's militias. *The application of transitional justice in all of Sudan. *Compensation and reparation. *Development of the nomadic and herders sector. *

Redistribution of wealth Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others through a social mechanism such as taxation, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confisc ...

and economic rights. *Solve the issue of the displaced and refugees. *Land redistribution, including solving the hawakeer problem, which is a name given to lands that fall within the control of tribes or property that call for it. *The power-sharing protocol comes on top of these protocols, as it was agreed that the rebel parties would have political representation within the Sudanese Sovereignty Council within the transitional phase in Sudan.

Final signature

On Saturday 3 October 2020, Juba, the

capital of South Sudan Juba () is the capital and largest city of South Sudan. The city is situated on the White Nile and also serves as the capital of the Central Equatoria State. It is the world's newest capital city to be elevated as such, and had a population ...

, witnessed the signing of the final stage of peace agreement between the Sudanese government and a number of armed movements, to resolve decades of conflicts in Darfur, South Kordofan and Southern Blue Nile that led to the displacement of millions and the deaths of hundreds of thousands, with the participation of many sponsors, most notably the UAE . The signing ceremony at Freedom Square in Juba was attended by the presidents of Chad, Djibouti and Somalia, along with the prime ministers of Egypt and Ethiopia, the Emirati Minister of Energy, the US Special Envoy for Sudan and South Sudan and representatives of a number of Western countries. Among the armed groups that signed the Juba Agreement, the Sudan Liberation Army Movement, The Arko Minawi wing, the Justice and Equality Movement, and the popular movement, Malik Aqar's wing, along with other factions.

UN support for Sudan

Last June, the UN Security Council adopted two resolutions on Sudan, which established the UN mission under the name (UNTAMS), whose mission is to provide support to the transitional government in building and implementing peace agreements and protecting civilians in Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile.

References

{{Reflist Agreement 2010s in Sudan Peace process 2020s in Sudan