![Flandes2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Flandes2.jpg)
Juan de Flandes ("John of Flanders"; c. 1460 – by 1519) was a Flemish painter active in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
from 1496 to 1519. His actual name is unknown, although an inscription ''Juan Astrat'' on the back of one work suggests a name such as "Jan van der Straat". Jan Sallaert, who became a master in
Ghent
Ghent ( nl, Gent ; french: Gand ; traditional English: Gaunt) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the East Flanders province, and the third largest in the country, exceeded i ...
in 1480, has also been suggested. He worked in the
Early Netherlandish
Early Netherlandish painting, traditionally known as the Flemish Primitives, refers to the work of artists active in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th- and 16th-century Northern Renaissance period. It flourished especiall ...
style.
Life and works
![Herodias Juan de Flandes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Herodias_Juan_de_Flandes.jpg)
He may have been born around 1460 somewhere in Flanders, ''Flandes'' in Spanish, which encompassed modern
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
,
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
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, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
,
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
and bordering regions of
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
. He evidently trained in his home country, most likely in
Ghent
Ghent ( nl, Gent ; french: Gand ; traditional English: Gaunt) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the East Flanders province, and the third largest in the country, exceeded i ...
, as his work shows similarities to that of
Joos van Wassenhove
Justus van Gent or Joos van Wassenhove (also: Justus or Jodocus of Ghent, or Giusto da Guanto) (c. 1410 – c. 1480) was an Early Netherlandish painter who after training and working in Flanders later moved to Italy where he worked for the ...
,
Hugo van der Goes
Hugo van der Goes (c. 1430/1440 – 1482) was one of the most significant and original Early Netherlandish painting, Flemish painters of the late 15th century. Van der Goes was an important painter of altarpieces as well as portraits. He introduce ...
and other Ghent artists. He is only documented after he became an artist at the court of
Queen Isabella I of Castile, where he is first mentioned in the accounts in 1496. He is described as "court painter" by 1498 and continued in the queen's service until her death in 1504. He mostly painted portraits of the royal family, but also the majority of a large series of small (21.3 x 16.7 cm) panels for a
polyptych
A polyptych ( ; Greek: ''poly-'' "many" and ''ptychē'' "fold") is a painting (usually panel painting) which is divided into sections, or panels. Specifically, a "diptych" is a two-part work of art; a " triptych" is a three-part work; a tetrapt ...
altarpiece for the queen. The panels have been dispersed and the largest number of panels is in the royal collection in
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the Largest cities of the Europ ...
.
After Isabella's death in 1504 Juan de Flandes turned to ecclesiastical commissions from Spanish churches, beginning in
Salamanca
Salamanca () is a city in western Spain and is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The city lies on several rolling hills by the Tormes River. Its Old City was declared a UNESCO World Herit ...
in 1505–1507. He was later based in
Palencia
Palencia () is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Palencia.
Located in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in the northern half o ...
, where there is a large
reredos in the cathedral. In Palencia his wife was described as a widow in December 1519. The overwhelming majority of his work held in collections outside Spain dates from this later period during which he concentrated on religious themes. Panels from a large altarpiece from a Palencian church are divided between the
Prado
The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to house one of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the ...
and
National Gallery of Art, Washington
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...
, who have four panels each.
His works show the Early Netherlandish style of Ghent adapted to the Spanish taste and landscape, notably the requirements for groups of compartmented scenes for
altarpieces. His colouring is refined, "with a preference for rather acid hues", and "while his feeling for space and light is sophisticated, a tendency to divide space into a succession of thin planes becomes a mannerism in his late works".
Albert Durer
Albert may refer to:
Companies
* Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic
* Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands
* Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia
* Albert Productions, a record label
* Albert ...
praised Juan de Flandes's polyptych when he was shown it by
Margaret of Austria in 1521: ''And on Friday Lady Margaret showed me all her beautiful things. Amongst them I saw about forty small oil pictures, the like of which for precision and excellence I have never beheld.''
Paintings
Image:IsabellaofCastile03.jpg, Isabella I of Castile
Image:Juan de Flandes 002.jpg, Catherine of Aragon
Image:Juan de Flandes 003.jpg, Joanna of Castile
Joanna (6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555), historically known as Joanna the Mad ( es, link=no, Juana la Loca), was the nominal Queen of Castile from 1504 and Queen of Aragon from 1516 to her death in 1555. She was married by arrangement to P ...
Image:Juan de Flandes - Isabel la Católica (Palacio Real, Madrid, 1500-04. Óleo sobre tabla, 63 x 55 cm).jpg, Isabella I of Castile
File:Juan de Flandes Belgrade.jpg, ''Sermon of Saint John the Baptist'' (1497); National Museum of Serbia
The National Museum of Serbia ( sr, / ) is the largest and oldest museum in Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the central zone of Belgrade on a square plot between the Republic Square, formerly Theatre Square, and three streets: Čika Ljubina ...
(part of polyptych)
File:Juan de Flandes.Altarpiece02.jpg, ''Supper in the House of Simon the Pharisee'' (c. 1496–1504); Royal Palace, Madrid (part of the polyptych of Isabel of Castile)
File:Juan de Flandes 006.jpg, ''Christ nailed to the Cross'', Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
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, postal_code_type = Postal code
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, also from the polyptych
Image:Temptation-of-Christ-in-the-Wilderness.jpg, ''Temptation of Christ in the Wilderness'', National Gallery of Art, Washington, also from the polyptych
Image:Juan de Flandes 001.jpg, ''Resurrection of Lazarus'', Prado
The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to house one of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the ...
, from a group for a church in Palencia.
Notes
References
*J.O. Hand & M. Wolff, ''Early Netherlandish Painting'', National Gallery of Art, Washington(catalogue)/Cambridge UP, 1986,
*"Prado": ''Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas'', 1996, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid,
* R.van Elslande, Juan de Flandes met name Jan van der Straten, in: Brugs Ommeland, 26ste jg., 1986, nrs 1–2, blz. 111–120.
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flandes, Juan de
Spanish people of Flemish descent
Early Netherlandish painters
Flemish Renaissance painters
16th-century Flemish painters
Flemish history painters
Flemish portrait painters
1460s births
1519 deaths
Spanish Renaissance painters
15th-century Spanish painters
Spanish male painters
16th-century Spanish painters
Catholic painters