Juan Bautista Justo (June 28, 1865, in
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
– January 8, 1928, in Buenos Aires) was an
Argentine
Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, s ...
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
, journalist, politician, and writer. After finishing medical school he joined the
Civic Union of the Youth
The Civic Union of the Youth (in Spanish, ''Unión Cívica de la Juventud'') was a youth-oriented Argentine political party founded on September 1, 1889 and dissolved on April 13, 1890 with the establishment of the Civic Union. Soon afterward its ...
, later participating in the foundation of the
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
in 1896, of which he was chief director until his death. He married
Alicia Moreau de Justo
Alicia Moreau de Justo (October 11, 1885 – May 12, 1986) was an Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist. She was a leading figure in feminism and socialism in Argentina. Since the beginning of the 20th century, sh ...
, with whom he had three children.
The physician
Justo studied medicine at the
Universidad de Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one of the most prestigi ...
while working as a journalist to earn a living. He graduated with honors in 1888, after which he travelled to
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
where he learned about
socialist ideas. Back in Argentina, he worked as a surgeon at the ''Hospital de Crónicos''.
The journalist
Justo wrote his first pieces at the ''
La Prensa ''La Prensa'' ("The Press") is a frequently used name for newspapers in the Spanish-speaking world. It may refer to:
Argentina
* ''La Prensa'' (Buenos Aires)
* , a current publication of Caleta Olivia, Santa Cruz
Bolivia
* ''La Prensa'' (La Paz ...
'' newspaper as a parliamentary journalist. At the beginning of 1890 he started writing for the socialist newspaper ''El Obrero''. In 1894, together with
Augusto Kühn and
Esteban Jiménez he founded the ''
La Vanguardia
' (; , Spanish for "The Vanguard") is a Spanish daily newspaper, founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan (Spanish copy is automatically translated into Catalan). It has its headquarters in Barcelona and i ...
'' publication that became two years later, with the creation of the
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
, the official organ of the party. In 1905 ''La Vanguardia'' became a daily newspaper, in an important cultural extension that exceeded its original purpose of political diffusion. Justo directed the newspaper until his death.
The politician
Juan B. Justo participated in the UCR from its beginnings as ''Unión Cívica'' in 1889. During the
Park Revolution of 1890 he took care of the revolutionary wounded. Shortly after, Justo deepened its participation in workers' circles and socialist currents, to finally found the
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
in 1896 with Estéban Jiménez, Augusto Kühn and
Isidoro Salomó. He directed the party from its creation to his death in 1928.
In 1912 Justo was elected a national deputy, seat that he kept until 1924 when he was elected senator, in both cases representing the city of
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
. As a deputy he was chief of the commission that investigated the
trusts
A trust is a legal relationship in which the holder of a right gives it to another person or entity who must keep and use it solely for another's benefit. In the Anglo-American common law, the party who entrusts the right is known as the "settl ...
conflict, and participated of the deliberations that led to the
University Reform University reform is a type of education reform applied to higher education.
Examples include:
* Argentine university reform of 1918
* Chilean university reform
* Reform of French universities
** Law on Higher Education and Research (2007)
**Libert ...
of 1918. Justo also proposed several projects of law for the social welfare, and against
gambling
Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three el ...
,
alcoholism
Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol (drug), alcohol that results in significant Mental health, mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognize ...
and
illiteracy
Literacy in its broadest sense describes "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form in some specific context of use. In other words, huma ...
.
Justo also participated of the creation of cooperative
El Hogar Obrero
EL, El or el may refer to:
Religion
* El (deity), a Semitic word for "God"
People
* EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer
* El DeBarge, music artist
* El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American po ...
, the Biblioteca Obrera and the Sociedad Luz of culture and promotion of socialism. As president of the Argentine Socialist Party, he assisted to the socialist congresses held in
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...
and
Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese
, neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
, website ...
.
The writer
Justo focused on political and social essays. His most important work is considered ''Theory and Practice of History'' (''Teoría y práctica de la historia'') of 1909. He also wrote ''Scientific Theory of History'' (''Teoría científica de la historia'') in 1898, ''Argentine Socialism'' (''El socialismo argentino'') in 1910, ''Socialism and Imperialism'' (''Socialismo e imperialismo''), ''The Socialist International'' (''La internacional socialista''), ''The Socialist Program for Agriculture'' (''El programa socialista en el campo''), and the posthumously published ''The Currency'' (''La moneda'') of 1937 and ''The Free Cooperation'' (''La cooperación libre'') of 1938. Justo also made the first
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
translation from
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
of
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...
's ''
Das Kapital
''Das Kapital'', also known as ''Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' or sometimes simply ''Capital'' (german: Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, link=no, ; 1867–1883), is a foundational theoretical text in Historical mater ...
''.
External links
Biographyat El Historiador
{{DEFAULTSORT:Justo, Juan Bautista
1865 births
1928 deaths
People from Buenos Aires
Civic Union (Argentina) politicians
Radical Civic Union politicians
Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians
Liberal socialism
Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires
Members of the Argentine Senate for Buenos Aires
Argentine surgeons
Argentine essayists
Male essayists
Argentine male writers
Argentine journalists
Male journalists
Argentine writers in German
Argentine medical writers