José Casten Zulueta (November 23, 1889 – December 6, 1972) was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He served as

Senate President President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the speaker in some other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for ex ...

for a brief period in 1953.

Early life and education

Jose Zulueta was born to Evaristo Zulueta and Atilana Casten. Zulueta studied at the

Ateneo de Manila , mottoeng = Light in the Lord , type = Private, research, non-profit, coeducational basic and higher education institution , established = December 10, 1859 , religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic (Jesuits) , academic_affi ...

. In 1911 he was appointed as a stenographer at ''Court of First Instance.'' He studied law and graduated in 1916 for the entrance examination for the Philippine bar (bar exam) and started a law practice.

Career

Zueleta in 1928 was elected to the House of Representatives of the Philippines on behalf of the 1st constituency of

Iloilo Iloilo (), officially the Province of Iloilo ( hil, Kapuoran sang Iloilo; krj, Kapuoran kang Iloilo; tl, Lalawigan ng Iloilo), is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is the City of Iloilo, the ...

. He was re-elected several times, and he would sit in the House until 1946. During the Japanese occupation, Zulueta was accused of collaboration, along with Jorge Vargas, Jorge Bocobo and

Manuel Roxas Manuel Acuña Roxas (born Manuel Roxas y Acuña; ; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president of the Philippines, who served from 1946 until his death due to heart attacks in 194 ...

, being the first to respond to General Homma's order to form an Executive Commission. After the establishment of the Philippine Republic in 1946, the Department of Interior was restored and Zulueta was appointed by President

once again to head the agency until 1948. Zulueta's term was marked by heightened tensions with the

Hukbalahap The Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (), better known by the acronym Hukbalahap, was a Communism, communist Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla movement formed by the farmers of Central Luzon. They were originally formed to Philippine resistance against Ja ...

movement, with Zulueta instituting a pass system that was required of Central Luzon residents wishing to travel outside their towns. Like his mentor Roxas, he adopted a hardline attitude toward the Huks, declaring in 1947 that the Huks faced only two choices: surrender or annihilation. He gave carte blanche to the

Philippine Constabulary The Philippine Constabulary (PC; tl, Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas, ''HPP''; es, Policía de Filipinas, ''PF'') was a gendarmerie-type police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991, and the predecessor to the Philippine National Po ...

in all their operations against "dissidents". He was in charge of negotiating several times with its leaders, including Luis Lava,

Luis Taruc Luis Mangalus Taruc (; June 21, 1913 – May 4, 2005) was a Filipino political figure and rebel during the agrarian unrest of the 1930s until the end of the Cold War. He was the leader of the Hukbalahap group (from ''Hukbong Bayan Laban sa ...

Juan Feleo Juan Feleo (May 1, 1896 - August 24, 1946) was a Filipino peasant leader and politician. He was one of the founders of one of the Philippines' leading peasant groups, the ''Kalipunang Pambansa ng Magbubukid sa Pilipinas'' (National Confederation of ...

and Jose de Leon. After his term as minister he stood in April 1949 successfully apply for a new term in the House of Representatives. Before the end of his term, he is more than two years later at the 1951 election elected to the Philippine Senate. In his time as a senator, which lasted until 1957, he was on April 30, 1953 until November 30, 1953 President of the Senate. Zulueta in 1959 was elected governor of his native province of Iloilo.Later, he was from 1969 to 1972 again delegate on behalf of the first constituency of Iloilo. In 1946, Zulueta was elected as Speaker of the House of Representatives in the inaugural session of the Congress. He became Senator (1951–1957) and was briefly elected the Senate President in 1953. He became Provincial Governor of Iloilo in 1959. During the

Marcos Marcos may refer to: People with the given name ''Marcos'' *Marcos (given name) Sports ;Surnamed * Dayton Marcos, Negro league baseball team from Dayton, Ohio (early twentieth-century) * Dimitris Markos, Greek footballer * Nélson Marcos, Portugue ...

administration, he was made the Presidential Consultant on Local Government. He is among the few Filipinos included in the World Biography, 1948 edition and in the International Who's Who, 1952 edition.

Personal life

Zulueta was married to Soledad B. Ramos.

References

* List of Iloilo 1st district representatives
Philippine Senate bio of Jose C. Zulueta, the first parts of which have been erroneously conflated with the life of the bibliographer Clemente Jose Zulueta (1876-1904)
December 24, 2009)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vQPpEa02N5kC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=jose+c+zulueta+liberal+party&source=web&ots=9ajVmqPD9e&sig=AGTL7JjiO8Nf8Pv5TjUXuwCnb7w&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA163,M1 William Pomery, ''The Philippines'', pp, 117 and 153] (Accessed on December 24, 2009)
Benedict Kerkvliet, ''The Huk Rebellion'', p. 189, 190
(Accessed on December 24, 2009) {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulueta, Jose 1889 births 1972 deaths Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines People from Paco, Manila People from Iloilo City Governors of Iloilo Filipino journalists Senators of the 3rd Congress of the Philippines Senators of the 2nd Congress of the Philippines Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Iloilo Secretaries of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan Roxas administration cabinet members Members of the Philippine Legislature Members of the National Assembly of the Philippines Nacionalista Party politicians Visayan people Deputy Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines