José María Albiñana (October 13, 1883 – 1936) was a Spanish

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

neurologist Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...

, medical writer, philosopher and anti-republican right-wing

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...

. Born in

Enguera Enguera ( ca-valencia, Énguera) is a municipality in southwestern province of Valencia, Spain. The local economy depends primarily on agriculture, and secondarily on industry and services. In recent years, agricultural crops, especially olives, ...

Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...

, he was a Doctor of Medicine specialising in mental health. He was also a doctor in law and

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

and with Delgado Barreto founded the Partido Nacionalista Español.

Medicine

He was an academic of the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina of Spain where he was awarded for his work in medical philosophy ''Concepto actual de la Filosofía médica y su valor en el desarrollo de la Medicina''. He founded the newspaper ''La Sanidad Civil'' in order to vindicate the rights of medical professionals, and was funded by the state. In 1920 he was elected to the chair of History of Medicine at the

University of Alcala A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the ...

but without success and later distanced himself from university life. From his early 20s he began publishing medical literature and philosophy. His notable works of his first 20 years in the profession are shown below in his published works.

Mexico

In the 1920s he continued his activity in

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, in the Mexican capital, where he established his own clinic. He became acquainted with the

Hispanic-American Hispanic and Latino Americans ( es, Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos; pt, Estadunidenses hispânicos e latinos) are Americans of Spanish and/or Latin American ancestry. More broadly, these demographics include all Americans who identify as ...

way of life and attended many conferences, publishing a multitude of new works and three autobiographical novels: ''Sol de Levante'' (Gerardo Sisniega, México, 1923), ''Aventuras Tropicales. En busca del oro verde'' (Madrid, 1928) and ''Bajo el cielo mejicano'' (Cía. Ibero-Americana de Publicaciones Madrid, 1930). His time in Mexico was marred by political unrest and violence. Madero had been assassinated in 1913,

Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; August 8, 1879 – April 10, 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the ins ...

in 1919,

Pancho Villa Francisco "Pancho" Villa (,"Villa"
''Collins English Dictionary''. ; ;

in 1923 and Carranza in 1920. Farmer revolts, coup d'etats and crime became the political norm. Obregón was assassinated in 1928 and the

Cristero War The Cristero War ( es, Guerra Cristera), also known as the Cristero Rebellion or es, La Cristiada, label=none, italics=no , was a widespread struggle in central and western Mexico from 1 August 1926 to 21 June 1929 in response to the implementa ...

broke out with the cristeros representing the aspiration of the Mexican Catholics. Such was the mistrust of foreigners during this period, that Albinana was later expelled from the country under

Plutarco Elías Calles Plutarco Elías Calles (25 September 1877 – 19 October 1945) was a general in the Mexican Revolution and a Sonoran politician, serving as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928. The 1924 Calles presidential campaign was the first populist ...

Burgos delegate

Albiñana returned to Spain in

Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of t ...

where he was later elected as its delegate in 1934, and reelected in 1936, although by this time his Valencian accent had become mixed with a Mexican accent causing some suspicion. Over time he gained the trust of the people in Burgos, catering to the needs of the neighbourhoods and readily answering questions. He brought about a number of infrastructural developments in Burgos including the legal work for the Compañía de Aguas de Burgos (Burgos Water Company), installation of the telephone in

Villarcayo Villarcayo de Merindad de Castilla la Vieja () is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE INE, Ine or ine may refer to: Institutions * Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, a ...

and

Medina de Pomar Medina de Pomar is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. It is situated 77 km from Bilbao, and 88 km from Burgos, the capital of the province, 8 kilometres from Villarcayo and about 20 ...

, and the installation and creation of

Burgos Airport Burgos Airport ( es, Aeropuerto de Burgos) , also known as Villafría, is an airport located east of the historic center of Burgos, a city in Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España ...

, securing important subsidies and investors to develop the region.

Assassination and tribute

He was murdered along with other prominent politicians by militia men when they took over the Carcel Modelo. With the triumph of the Nationalist faction, streets in several localities, mainly in his native Valencia, were dedicated to him.

Published works

*''La medicina en verso. Colección de humoradas médico-literarias'', (1904) *''Fraternidad y cultura. Medios que pueden ponerse en práctica por el Estado, corporaciones o particulares para auxiliar a los estudiantes que no dispongan de medios de fortuna'' (Valencia, 1905) *''La medicación catodilítico-fosfatada en el tratamiento de la neurastenia Congreso de la Asociación Española para el progreso de la Ciencia'' (Zaragoza, 1908) *''Orientación de la juventud ante el problema religioso'' (Valencia, 1910) *''Los crímenes del caciquismo: la tragedia de El Pobo. Defensa del médico don Alfredo Alegre. Informe presentado en el jucio oral ...'' (Madrid, 1918) *''La ignorancia de las Academias'' (Madrid, 1918) *''Cooperación española a la formación de la Escuela Médica de Montellier'' Primer Congreso Internacional de la Historia de la Medicina ( Amberes, 1920) *''Desarrollo de las Comunidades Espirituales'' (192?) *''Programa para un curso de Historia Crítica de la Medicina'' (1921) *''La situación de México vista desde España Ateneo de Madrid'' (Madrid, 1921) *''Sol de Levante'' (Gerardo Sisniega, México, 1923) *''Aventuras Tropicales. En busca del oro verde'' (Madrid, 1928) *''Bajo el cielo mejicano'' (Cía. Ibero-Americana de Publicaciones Madrid, 1930)

Bibliography

*Luis Palacios Bañuelos, ''Elecciones en Burgos 1931-1936. El Partido Nacionalista Español'', Publicaciones de la Cátedra de Historia Contemporánea de España. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 1981. *

Julio Gil Pecharromán Julio Gil Pecharromán (born 1955) is a Spanish historian, specialising in the political history of 20th-century Spain. Biography Born in Madrid in 1955, he studied both History and Journalism at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM). He ...

, ''Sobre España inmortal, solo Dios, José María Albiñana y el Partido Nacionalista Español (1930-1937).'' Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, 2002. *Asvero Gravelli, 'Verso L'Internazionale Fascista"'', Roma 1.932El autor se centra en el estudio del caso español, prestando un especial interés en la figura del Dr. Albiñana *María Concepción Marcos del Olmo, ''La Segunda República en Burgos'', en Historia de Burgos, Diario16 de Burgos, 1993. *Luis Palacios Bañuelos, ''La Segunda República en Burgos'', En Historia de Burgos, tomo IV, Caja de Burgos, Burgos, 2002. *Arnaud Imatz, ''José Antonio, entre el odio y el amor. Su historia como fue''. Madrid, Áltera, 2006.

References

External links

at arbil.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Albinana, Jose 1883 births 1936 deaths People from Canal de Navarrés Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic Spanish medical writers Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction) People killed by the Second Spanish Republic Executed Spanish people 19th-century Spanish people 20th-century Spanish physicians People from Enguera Spanish nationalists