The Josutu League ( mn, ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan, ) was the southernmost

league League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football Sports * Sports league * Rugby league, full contact footba ...

of Inner

Mongolia during Qing rule Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian Plateau, including the four Outer Mongolian aimags ( Leagues of China, "leagues") and the six Inner Mongolian aimags from the 17th ce ...

. It occupied land that forms part of the modern-day Chinese provinces of

Liaoning Liaoning () is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost ...

Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, an ...

, and

Chifeng Chifeng ( zh, s=赤峰市), also known as Ulanhad ( mn, (Улаанхад хот), ''Ulaɣanqada qota'', , "red cliff"), is a prefecture-level city in Southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol League to the ...

in China's

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...

. The name of Josutu was named after a place in the

Tumed Right Banner Tumed Right Banner ( mn, , translit=Tumed Baruun Hôxûû}, ; / ''Měng-Hàn cídiǎn'' 《蒙汉词典》. Hohhot: / Nèi Ménggǔ Dàxué Chūbǎnshè 内蒙古大学出版社, 1999; . zh, s=土默特右旗, p=Tǔmòtè Yòuqí) is a banner o ...

, where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs.

Divisions

The Josutu League consisted of two ayimag or five banners. *

Tümed The Tümed (Tumad, ; "The many or ten thousands" derived from Tumen) are a Mongol subgroup. They live in Tumed Left Banner, district of Hohhot and Tumed Right Banner, district of Baotou in China. Most engage in sedentary agriculture, living in mi ...

(or Eastern Tümed): two banners ** Tümed Left Banner (Mongghuljin Banner), led by descendants of

Jelme Jelme ( mn, Зэлмэ, ''Zelme'', ; 1160 – 1207) was a general and close companion of Genghis Khan. He was the older brother of Subutai and was of the Uriankhan clan.Richard A. Gabriel, ''Subotai the Valiant: Genghis Khan's Greatest General'', ...

** Tümed Right Wing Banner, led by descendants of the Chinggisid

Altan Khan Altan Khan of the Tümed (1507–1582; mn, ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ, Алтан хан; Chinese language, Chinese: 阿勒坦汗), whose given name was Anda (Mongolian language, Mongolian: ; Chinese language, Chinese: 俺答), was the leader of ...

Kharachin The Kharchin (, ; ), or Kharachin, is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi Province (Kharchin Örtöö was part of th ...

{{MongolUnicode, ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of

** Kharachin Left Banner **

Kharachin Middle Banner The Kharchin (, ; ), or Kharachin, is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi Province (Kharchin Örtöö was part of th ...

Kharachin Right Banner The Kharchin (, ; ), or Kharachin, is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi Province (Kharchin Örtöö was part of th ...

In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China.

Dissolution

The league was dissolved in 1933 by the

Manchukuo Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China, Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 afte ...

government. Its territory is now distributed among the modern administrative regions: *

Fuxin County Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, or simply Fuxin County, is a county in the west of Liaoning of Northeast China. It is under the administration of Fuxin City. Administrative Divisions There are 13 towns and 22 townships in the county. Towns: * S ...

from the Tümed Left Banner. * Chaoyang County from the Tümed Right Banner. *

Lingyuan Lingyuan () is a city in the west of Liaoning province in Northeast China, bordering Hebei province and Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. ...

(or Jianchang) County from the Kharachin Left Banner. *

Pingquan County Pingquan () is a county-level city of northeastern Hebei province, China, bordering Liaoning province to the east. It has a population of 470,000 residing in an area of . It is a centre of trade and business, and gold and silver are mined nearby. ...

annexed a large portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners. *

Jianping County Jianping () is a county in the west of Liaoning province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north, west, and northeast. It is under the administration of Chaoyang City, the urban centre of which is more than to the east. The population is ap ...

corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners. There remain two Mongol autonomous counties in Liaoning. * Some portion of the former Tümed Left Banner became Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin City. * The remaining portion of the former Kharachin Left Banner became Kharachin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County, Chaoyang City.

References

* Yamazaki Sōyo 山崎惣與, ''Manshū-koku chimei daijiten'' 滿洲國地名大辭典, p.556,758, 1941. History of Inner Mongolia History of Liaoning History of Hebei

Divisions

Dissolution

See also

References