Josif Marinković
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Josif Marinković ( Serbian
Cyrillic The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Ea ...
: Јосиф Маринковић; Vranjevo, near Novi Bečej, 15 September 1851 – Belgrade, 13 May 1931) was a Serbian
composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and def ...
and choral director. Like his younger contemporary Stevan St. Mokranjac, he was devoted to mainly vocal genres—lied and choral. Marinković was a romanticist with a pronounced affinity for melodic expression. He invested exceptional attention to the text declamation, which represented a rather novel quality in Serbian music at the time.


Biography

Marinković graduated at the Prague Organ School (1873–81) and attended specialized studies in
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
(1886–87). He acted as choral director of the Belgrade Singing Society (1881–87), Academic Singing Society Obilić (1889–1900), as well as other choral ensembles (The Laborers’ Singing Society and Serbian-Jewish Singing Society, among others). He also taught music at the Serbian Orthodox Seminary, Teachers’ Preparatory School, and The Second Men's Gymnasium. Marinković was inducted into the Serbian Royal Academy (today
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (; , SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (, DSS). The Academy's membership has included Nobel Prize, Nobel la ...
) in 1907. As a composer of a distinct romanticist expression, Marinković often utilized folk melodies. He composed patriotic songs for men's choir, the most popular among them being ''The People’s assembly'' ((''Narodni zbor'') 1876, after the text by S. Kaćanski) of an upbeat, march-like character, thus considered a symbol of the feisty spirit of Serbian people, ''With a song to the heart'', and ''Slavia'' (''Slavija''); lyrical pieces for mixed
choir A choir ( ), also known as a chorale or chorus (from Latin ''chorus'', meaning 'a dance in a circle') is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform or in other words ...
and compositions for children's choir, among others. Marinković composed eleven ''Kolos'', based on a mosaic-like assemblage of folk tunes (''Branko’s kolos'' being the third, fifth, and ninth ''kolo'', upon ''The School friends’ parting'' (''Đački rastanak'') lyrics by
Branko Radičević Aleksije "Branko" Radičević ( sr-Cyrl, Алексије Бранко Радичевић, ; 28 March 1824 – 1 July 1853) was a Serbian poet who wrote in the period of Romanticism. Biography Branko Radičević was born in Slavonski Brod on 1 ...
, featuring stylized melodies from
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
). Among piano-accompanied choral works similar to cantatas, significant are ''A Content river'' (''Zadovoljna reka'') and ''The Water mill'' ((''Potočara'') with text-painting), of lyrical character, both written after the text by Jovan Milenko Grčić, and also a patriotic choral work ''On Good Friday'' (''Na Veliki petak''). In his lieder, Marinković paid closed attention to the correct diction, lilting melody, and expressive piano accompaniment with which he depicted certain desired atmosphere. He composed lieder after the lyrics of Serbian poets Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, J. Grčić Milenko, and Vojislav Ilić (''Tell me, please, tell me'' (''Kaži mi, kaži''), ''The Parting'' (''Rastanak''), ''The stream gurgles'' (''Potok žubori''), ''Oh, How the sun shines'' (''Oh, kako sunce sija''), ''Prayer'' (''Molitva''), ''A Shrub'' (''Grm''), etc.). In his church works, Marinković was inspired by Serbian Church chanting (''Liturgy'', for mixed choir) and influences of Russian Church music (''Opelo'' (''Orthodox Requiem''), ''O, Heavenly King'' (''Carju nebesni''), ''Angel vopijaše'', etc.). Marinković often reworked his pieces, thus they exist in several versions.


Works


Lieder

Lieder, composed after the lyrics by romanticist poets and folk motives, occupy the most significant place in Marinković's oeuvre. He is considered the founder of this genre in
Serbian music Music of Serbia represents the musical heritage of Serbia, both historical and modern. It has a variety of traditional music styles, which are part of the wider Balkan musical tradition, with its own distinctive sound and characteristics. Musi ...
. The most compelling are lieder composed upon art poetry lyrics (by J. J. Zmaj, J. G. Milenko, Đ. Jakšić, and V. Ilić). In his lieder, Marinković achieved a broad range of moods—hearty lyricism (''What a sight, this world’s so bright'' (''Ala je lep ovaj svet''), ''Oh, How the sun shines'', ''The stream gurgles''), romanticist warmth, melodic breadth (''Longing'' (''Čežnja'')), and drama (''The Parting'', ''A Shrub''). He arranged many of his songs in several versions and provided an insight into his creative evolution and development toward a seasoned compositional and technical mastery. Marinković exhibits the ability of deep delving into the meaning and mood of selected lyrics, following the correct diction, with inventive, broad melodies, and an overall direct expression. Melody represents his primary tool; although in his later works noticeable is a rather elaborated piano part and somewhat free harmonic language, within the realm of the late romanticist means of expression. Marinković also found his inspiration in the texts close to
folk songs Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has be ...
and composed in the manner close to folk, establishing in Serbian art music a popular sevdalinka genre (''Šana, dear'', ''Stojanka'', and ''From town to town''). He also continued and preserved the tradition of rearranging the folk tunes.


Choral music: secular works

Marinković composed pieces for men's, mixed, women's, and children's choirs, but particularly nurtured the genre of choral pieces with
piano A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an Action (music), action mechanism where hammers strike String (music), strings. Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a c ...
accompaniment. His eleven ''kolos'' (1881–97)—wreaths of adapted folk tunes for men's and mixed choirs, are considered precursors of S. St. Mokranjac's ''Song Wreaths''. Utilizing a large number of songs lacking a more complex adaptation, Marinković failed to reach a well rounded and complex form later manifested in Mokranjac's works, but however, anticipated some of Mokranjac's procedures (linking and repetition of song excerpts, songs, and alike). The actual selection of the ''kolo''
songs A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usuall ...
does not demonstrate the level of fastidiousness and cogitation in the scope the works’ entirety, so representative for Mokranjac, while the developing procedures are mainly restrained, but still refreshing and uplifting. In the later ''kolos'' (Eleventh and Twelfth), Marinković achieved a higher formal conciseness, better choral texture, contrasts of solo and tutti parts, and bolder harmonic solutions. The three ''kolos'' (The Third, Fifth, and Ninth) are named after Branko Radičević (''Branko’s kolos'' (sing., ''Brankovo kolo'')) since they are composed after this poet's lyrics entitled The School friends’ parting and are only indirectly folk-inspired. Much like his contemporaries, Marinković composed works upon patriotic poetry lyrics (''The People’s assembly'', ''A Heroic battle cry'' (''Junčaki poklič''), ''The Balkans anthem'', ''The Kosovo anthem'', ''With a song to the heart'', ''The Serbian Muslims’ anthem''), some of which became rather popular, such as ''The People’s assembly'' (1876) famous for its opening verse, as well as the song ''Hey, Trumpeter''. As one of the most popular Marinković's songs, it was the ''Obilić'' anthem for many years. Marinković established a piano accompanied choral genre in Serbian music (''A Content river'', ''On Good Friday'', ''A Suffering mother'' (''Jadna majka''), ''Prayer'', ''The Water mill'', and ''Cantata to Dositej Obradović''). By their broadness and complexity of the piano accompaniment, some of these works confirm that the piano was in fact used as an
orchestra An orchestra (; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments: * String instruments, such as the violin, viola, cello, ...
substitute.


Choral music: sacred works

In 1935, Kosta Manojlović reconstructed certain movements he found in Marinković's legacy collection into the ''Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom'' (''Liturgija Svetog Jovana Zlatoustog''). Among the Liturgy movements particularly expressive and inspiring is ''Our Father'' (''Otce nas''), considered one of the master pieces of choral literature.


Instrumental and stage music

Among instrumental pieces, Marinković composed ''Sonatina'' for piano in four hands, and ''Two Serbian dances'', ''Fantasia'', and ''Nocturne for violin''. His stage music includes plays ''Suđaje'' by Lj. Petrović (with very successful numbers ''The Lullaby'' and ''The Monk chorus'').


Selected works

*''Rise up brothers'' (''Ustajte braćo'') (1872), for mixed choir *''The People’s assembly'' (''Narodni zbor'') (1876, second version 1902) *''What a sight, this world’s so bright'' (''Ala je lep ovaj svet''), lied, first version around 1880 *''Under the window'' (''Pod prozorom'') (around 1880), lied *''A Content river'' (''Zadovoljna reka'') (1881), for mixed choir and piano *''First kolo'' (1881), for men's choir *''Second kolo'' (1882), for men's choir *''First Opelo'' (''Requiem'') (prior to 1882), for men's choir *''Third kolo'' (1882, version for mixed choir 1896), for men's choir, after Branko Radičević *''Fourth kolo'' (1882), for men's choir *''With a song to the heart'' (1882), for men's choir *''On Good Friday'' (''Na Veliki petak'') (1883), for mixed choir and piano *''Stojanka'' (''Pod pendžerite'') (1883), lied *''Fifth kolo'' (1883, version 1889), for men's choir, after Branko Radicević *''A Suffering mother'' (''Jadna majka'') (1884), for mixed choir and piano *''Sixth kolo'' (1884), for mixed choir *''Funeral song'' (''Posmrtna pesma'') (1884), for men's choir *''Šana, dear'' (''Šano duso'') (prior to 1886), lied *''The Kosovo anthem'' (1889), for men's choir *''Prayer'' (''Molitva'') (1889, lied versions 1889 and 1931), for mixed choir and piano *''Seventh kolo'' (1889), for men's choir *''Liturgy'' (around 1889), for mixed choir *''The Laborers’ song'' (''Radnička pesma'') (1890), for mixed choir *''Eighth kolo'' (1890), for men's choir *''Ninth kolo'' (1892), for men's choir, after Branko Radičević *''A Shrub'' (''Grm'') (1893), lied *''Suđaje'' (1894), stage music after Lj. Petrović *''Tenth kolo'' (1896), for mixed choir *''Bulgarian folk songs'' (1896), for men's choir *''An Apotheosis to Vuk'' (1897), for mixed choir *''Eleventh kolo'' (1897), for mixed choir *''Oh, How the sun shines'' (''Oh, kako sunce sija'') (1899), lied (versions for mixed and children's choir, and duet) *''A Spring dawn'' (''Proletnja zora'') (1899), for mixed choir *''Oh, Moon'' (''Oj, meseče'') (prior to 1907), lied *''Slavia'' (around 1907), for men's choir *''The Balkans anthem'' (around 1908), for men's choir *''A Heroic battle cry'' (''Junčaki poklič'') (around 1910), for men's choir *''The Water mill'' (''Potočara'') (1910), for mixed choir and piano *''Ženam mironosicam'' (1911), lied and version for women's choir *''Cantata to Dositej Obradović'' (1911), for mixed choir and piano *''Memorial'' (''Pomen'') (around 1929), for mixed choir *''Tell me, please, tell me'' (''Kaži mi, kaži'') (1931), lied *''The Parting'' (''Rastanak'') (1931), lied


Recordings

*Josif Marinković. ''Otče naš'', „Josif Marinković“ choir, conductor Andrej Bursać. Zrenjanin Cultural Centre. CD004, recording from 1997, missing publication year. *Josif Marinković. ''Večeri tvojeja tajnija'', Belgrade nonet. PGP RTS, CD 430480, 1998. *Josif Marinković. ''Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom''. RTB Choir, conductor Bojan Suđić. PGP RTS, CD 430824, 1999. *Josif Marinković. ''Song of the Cherubim'' (Heruvimska pesma). Belgrade chamber choir. PGP RTS CD 431142, 2000. *Josif Marinković. ''The stream gurgles'' (Potok žubor), ''Longing'' (Čežnja), for voice and orchestra. Sofija Janković, soprano, Symphonic Orchestra of Radio Television Serbia, conductor Davorin Županić. CD New Sound 118/2001. *Josif Marinković. ''Na mnogaja ljeta''. CD Serbian singing society „Jedinstvo,” Kotor. 2004. *Josif Marinković. ''Carju nebesni''. ''Belgrade Singing society: 153 years''. CD 01/2, Saborna crkva, Belgrade, 2005.


See also

* Kosta Manojlović * Petar Krstić * Miloje Milojević *
Stevan Hristić Stevan Hristić ( sr-cyr, Стеван Христић; 19 June 1885 – 21 August 1958) was a Serbian composer, conductor, pedagogue, and music writer. A prominent representative of the late romanticist style in Serbian music of the first half ...
* Stevan Mokranjac * Isidor Bajić *
Stanislav Binički Stanislav Binički ( sr-cyr, Станислав Бинички, ; 27 July 1872 – 15 February 1942) was a Serbian composer, conductor, and pedagogue. A student of German composer Josef Rheinberger, he became the first director of the Oper ...
*
Davorin Jenko Davorin Jenko (born Martin Jenko; 9 November 1835 – 25 November 1914) was a Slovenes, Slovene and Serbs, Serbian composer. He is sometimes considered the father of Slovenian National romanticism, national Romantic music. Among other songs, he co ...
* Jovan Đorđević


Bibliography

*Bingulac, Petar. ''About Josif Marinković'' (O Josifu Marinkoviću). ''Godišnjak Muzeja grada Beograda''. 1954, 255–278. *Veselinović Hofman, Mirjana (ed.). ''A History of Serbian music: Serbian music and European music heritage'' (''Istorija srpske muzike: srpska muzika i evropsko muzičko nasleđe''). Belgrade: Zavod za udžbenike, 2007. *''Godišnjak Srpske kraljevske akademije za 1906'', An Autobiography and an inventory of J. Marinković's works (autobiografija i popis dela J. Marinkovića). Belgrade, 1907. *Đorđević, Vladimir. “Bibliography of works of Josif Marinković” (Bibliografija radova Josifa Marinkovića). ''Srpski književni glasnik'' XXXIII, 3. 1931, 238–240. * Krstić, Petar. “Josif Marinković.” ''Srpski književni glasnik'' IV, 1931, 5/6. * Manojlović, Kosta. “Josif Marinković” ''Zvuk'' (''The Sound''), III, 7, 1935. *Marinković, Ilija. “An Inventory of compositions of Josif Marinković” (Spisak kompozicija Josifa Marinkovića). ''Godišnjak Muzeja grada Beograda'', 1954, 284–287. *Marinković, Ilija. “New Contributions for a biography of Josif Marinković” (Novi prilozi za biografiju Josifa Marinkovića). ''Godišnjak Muzeja grada Beograda'', 1955, 431–442. *Marinković, Sonja. “A Comparison between Mokranjac and Marinković today” (Poređenje Mokranjca i Marinkovića danas). ''Mokranjac'', 2002, 4, 42–45. *Marković, Tatjana (ed.). ''Josif Marinković (1861–1931). Music at the crossroads of two centuries'' (Josif Marinković (1861–1931). Muzika na raskršću dva veka). Novi Bečej: Radnički dom ''Jovan Veselinov Žarko'', 2002. *Marković, Tatjana. ''Transfigurations of Serbian romanticism – Music in the context of culture studies'' (Transfiguracije srpskog romantizma – Muzika u kontekstu studija kulture). Belgrade: Univerzitet umetnosti, 2005. *Milojević, Miloje. “Josif Marinković.” ''Srpski književni glasnik'' XXXIII, 3, 1931, 206–211. *Milojević, Miloje. “Josif Marinković.” ''Muzičke studije i članci, 2,'' Beograd, 1933, 39–47. *Milojević, Miloje. “Josif Marinković as a Lied composer” (Josif Marinković kao kompozitor solo pesme). ''Srpski književni glasnik'' XLVIII, 8, 1936, 630–634. *Milojević, Miloje. An Intimate artistic portrait of Josif Marinković (Intimni umetnički lik Josifa Marinkovića). Srpski književni glasnik LVIII, 3, 1939, 158–165. *Pejović, Roksanda. ''Serbian music in the 19th century (Performing. Articles and critiques. Music pedagogy)'' (Srpska muzika 19. veka (Izvođaštvo. Članci i kritike. Muzička pedagogija)). Belgrade, FMU, 2001. *Pejović, Roksanda. “Evaluating achievements of Josif Marinković and Stevan Mokranjac within the history of Serbian music” (Vrednovanje dostignuća Josifa Marinkovića i Stevana Mokranjca u istoriji srpske muzike). ''Mokranjac'', 2001, 3, 21–25. *Pejović, Roksanda. ''Josif Marinković''. Novi Bečej: Obzorja na Tisi, 2002. * Peričić, Vlastimir. ''Josif Marinković – life and works'' (Josif Marinković – život i dela). Belgrade, SANU, 1967. *Perković Radak, Ivana. Josif Marinković: ''Blagoobrazni Josif i Mironosnicam ženam.'' ''Mokranjac,'' 2004, 14–19. *Čolić, Dragutin. “The Liturgy by Josif Marinković published by the State printing company” (Liturgija Josifa Marinkovića u izdanju Državne štamparije). ''Pravda,'' 29. 05. 1935.


External links


Biography
(English)
List of Serbian choral chants and occasion songs made by Marinkovic
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marinkovic, Josif 1851 births 1931 deaths 19th-century male composers 20th-century Serbian composers 20th-century male composers People from Novi Bečej