Joshua Toulmin ( – 23 July 1815) of

Taunton Taunton () is the county town of Somerset, England, with a 2011 population of 69,570. Its thousand-year history includes a 10th-century monastic foundation, Taunton Castle, which later became a priory. The Normans built a castle owned by the ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

was a noted

theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

and a serial

Dissenting minister A dissenter (from the Latin ''dissentire'', "to disagree") is one who dissents (disagrees) in matters of opinion, belief, etc. Usage in Christianity Dissent from the Anglican church In the social and religious history of England and Wales, and ...

Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their nam ...

(1761–1764),

Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...

(1765–1803), and then Unitarian (1804–1815) congregations. Toulmin's sympathy for both the

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

(1775–1783) and French (1787–1799) revolutions led the Englishman to be associated with the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

and gained the prolific

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...

the reputation of a religious radical. Rose, Hugh J., (1857). Google Book Search.
''A New General Biographical Dictionary.''
Vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained 21 October 2006.

Biography

Early life

Toulmin was born in

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

, England on 30 April 1740 to Caleb Toulmin and Mary Skinner, daughter of Thomas Skinner.On 14 September 1752, the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...

adopted the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

, making it necessary to skip eleven days (i.e. 2 September was followed directly by 14 September 1752). Since Toulmin was alive at the time of Gregorian calendar transition, his birth date was advanced by some records to 11 May but not advanced by other records, thereby creating some confusion. At age eight, on 11 November 1748, Toulmin was admitted to St. Paul's School in London. As he grew, so did his

nonconformist Nonconformity or nonconformism may refer to: Culture and society * Insubordination, the act of willfully disobeying an order of one's superior *Dissent, a sentiment or philosophy of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea or entity ** ...

views. Because Toulmin refused to conform to the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain ...

, he next was educated under David Jennings at the

dissenting academy The dissenting academies were schools, colleges and seminaries (often institutions with aspects of all three) run by English Dissenters, that is, those who did not conform to the Church of England. They formed a significant part of England's edu ...

Wellclose Square Wellclose Square is a public square in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, between Cable Street to the north and The Highway to the south. The western edge, now called Ensign Street, was previously called Well Street. The southern edge was cal ...

, of the

Coward Trust William Coward (1648–1738) was a London merchant in the Jamaica trade, remembered for his support of Dissenters, particularly his educational philanthropy. Life After a period in Jamaica, where he built up an estate (see Sugar plantations in ...

, located on

The Highway A highway is a long road giving a relatively fast connection between two places. Highway may also refer to: Roads in England * The Highway (London) (previously Ratcliff Highway), a road in the East End of London * The Highway, a road in Br ...

in the

East End of London The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. It does not have uni ...

The Serial Dissenting Minister

By 1761 at age twenty-one, the Dissenting Academy ordained Toulmin as a

. On graduating from

Wellclose Square Dissenting Academy William Coward (1648–1738) was a London merchant in the Jamaica trade, remembered for his support of Dissenters, particularly his educational philanthropy. Life After a period in Jamaica, where he built up an estate (see Sugar plantations in ...

, now

Reverend The Reverend is an style (manner of address), honorific style most often placed before the names of Christian clergy and Minister of religion, ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and c ...

(Rev.) Toulmin became the

minister of his first

congregation A congregation is a large gathering of people, often for the purpose of worship. Congregation may also refer to: *Church (congregation), a Christian organization meeting in a particular place for worship *Congregation (Roman Curia), an administra ...

at Colyton, a

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority ...

located within east

Devon Devon ( , historically known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South West England. The most populous settlement in Devon is the city of Plymouth, followed by Devon's county town, the city of Exeter. Devon is ...

shire. Although the Colyton congregation was Presbyterian, Toulmin eventually became a convert to the opinions of the

Baptists Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...

. Now an antipaedobaptist, Toulmin began to advocate

adult baptism Believer's baptism or adult baptism (occasionally called credobaptism, from the Latin word meaning "I believe") is the practice of baptizing those who are able to make a conscious profession of faith, as contrasted to the practice of baptizing ...

and to theologically oppose

infant baptism Infant baptism is the practice of baptising infants or young children. Infant baptism is also called christening by some faith traditions. Most Christians belong to denominations that practice infant baptism. Branches of Christianity that ...

Marriage and descendants

At the age of twenty-four, Toulmin married Jane Smith. The Toulmins eventually had twelve children, of whom only five survived. Toulmin's theological objections to infant baptism possibly extended to infant registration, as none of his children's births were registered.Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce. (2006) Toulmin Family Home Page. Obtained 21 October 2006. Their eldest son, Harry Toulmin, went on to become a Unitarian minister and then emigrated to America, where eventually he was forced to resign as President of

Transylvania Seminary Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the A ...

Lexington, Kentucky Lexington is a city in Kentucky, United States that is the county seat of Fayette County, Kentucky, Fayette County. By population, it is the List of cities in Kentucky, second-largest city in Kentucky and List of United States cities by popul ...

"under disapproval of his

Socinian Socinianism () is a nontrinitarian belief system deemed heretical by the Catholic Church and other Christian traditions. Named after the Italian theologians Lelio Sozzini (Latin: Laelius Socinus) and Fausto Sozzini (Latin: Faustus Socinus), uncle ...

(Unitarian) errors."Keyes, Clara. (2006). Unitarian Universalist Historical Society (UUHS).
Harry Toulmin.
Obtained 21 October 2006.

Joshua Toulmin Smith Joshua Toulmin Smith (29 May 1816 – 28 April 1869) was a British political theorist, lawyer and local historian of Birmingham. Born in Birmingham as Joshua Smith, the son of William Hawkes Smith (1786–1840), an economic and educational ref ...

was his grandson.

From Presbyterian to Baptist minister

In 1765, at the age of twenty-five, Toulmin transferred himself to his second congregation at Taunton, in

Somerset ( en, All The People of Somerset) , locator_map = , coordinates = , region = South West England , established_date = Ancient , established_by = , preceded_by = , origin = , lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset , lord_ ...

shire, as a

Baptist minister Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...

. For the next thirty-nine years, Toulmin lived in Taunton and had charge of the Taunton Baptist congregation at Mary Street Unitarian Chapel,Taunton's Historic Unitarian Congregation and Chapel (Dec. 2005).
Unitarian Chapel, Mary Street, Taunton
Obtained 21 October 2006. where he also taught school and published most of his sixty-plus works through which he expressed his anti-England sympathy with both the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

(1775–1783) and the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

(1787–1799). Because Toulmin favored the

and

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, then-enemies of England, he "could seldom pass through the streets without insult, while to keep company with him was deemed contagious and impossible." For example, during the French Revolution, an

effigy An effigy is an often life-size sculptural representation of a specific person, or a prototypical figure. The term is mostly used for the makeshift dummies used for symbolic punishment in political protests and for the figures burned in certai ...

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

was burned before Toulmin's door and his windows were broken. In 1769, Toulmin received an Artium Magister (A.M.) degree from the recently founded College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (the former name for

Brown University Brown University is a private research university in Providence, Rhode Island. Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providenc ...

)

was founded in 1764, five years prior to Toulmin's A.M. degree, and was then known as ''the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations'' in

Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay ...

. In 1778, Toulmin wrote to Rev. Robert Robinson of

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

requesting copies of Robinson's lectures on nonconformity to use as a guide for Toulmin's own lectures. In the letter (see above), Toulmin expresses his opinion about baptism. In 1790, Toulmin carried out a

census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ...

of Taunton and "counted nearly five and a half thousand people living within the area ringed by the turnpike gates." He followed up this census with his book, ''The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset,'' which was published in 1791 while he held the title

schoolmaster The word schoolmaster, or simply master, refers to a male school teacher. This usage survives in British independent schools, both secondary and preparatory, and a few Indian boarding schools (such as The Doon School) that were modelled after B ...

.Bush, Robin
The Book of Taunton.
In 1794, Toulmin received his

Doctor of Divinity A Doctor of Divinity (D.D. or DDiv; la, Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity. In the United Kingdom, it is considered an advanced doctoral degree. At the University of Oxford, doctors of divinity are ran ...

(D.D.) diploma from

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

in the United States and was accorded the title Doctor. In 1798, Toulmin's daughter Jane drowned. In the face of this hardship and his longtime political persecutions, he stood strong. For example, during his ministry in Taunton at the Mary Street Unitarian Chapel, poet

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge (; 21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poe ...

wrote, in a 1798 letter to

John Prior Estlin John Prior Estlin (1747–1817) was an English Unitarianism, Unitarian minister. He was noted as a teacher, and for his connections in literary circles. Life He was born at Hinckley, Leicestershire, 9 April (O.S.) 1747, and was the son of Thomas E ...

, "I walked into Taunton (eleven miles) and back again, and performed the divine services for Dr. Toulmin. I suppose you must have heard that his daughter, (Jane, on 15 April 1798) in a melancholy derangement, suffered herself to be swallowed up by the tide on the sea-coast between

Sidmouth Sidmouth () is a town on the English Channel in Devon, South West England, southeast of Exeter. With a population of 12,569 in 2011, it is a tourist resort and a gateway to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. A large part of the town has ...

and

Bere Bere may refer to: Places * Bere, Botswana, a village * Béré, Burkina Faso, a city * Bere Department, Burkina Faso * Béré, Chad, a city * Béré Region, Woroba District, Ivory Coast * Bere Bay, Nunavut, Canada * Early name for the village ...

(sic. Beer). These events cut cruelly into the hearts of old men: but the good Dr. Toulmin bears it like the true practical

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

, — there is indeed a tear in his eye, but that eye is lifted up to the Heavenly Father."

From Baptist to Unitarian minister

Somewhere along the way, Toulmin's beliefs changed again from Baptist to Unitarian. In January 1804, at age sixty-four, Toulmin moved to

Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West ...

, England and accepted a position as one of the

pastor A pastor (abbreviated as "Pr" or "Ptr" , or "Ps" ) is the leader of a Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. In Lutheranism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and ...

s of the Birmingham Unitarian congregation, formerly presided over by the co-discover of

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist. He published over 150 works, and conducted exp ...

. Between 1809 and 1811, Toulmin lived in Birmingham on Paradise Row, and he died there on 23 July 1815, at the age of seventy-five. Toulmin initially was buried in the Old Meeting graveyard in Birmingham.The earliest

place of worship in Birmingham of which any record remains was "The Old Meeting," which, with its graveyard, was removed in 1882 for the enlargement of the railway station in New Street. Spencer, Andrew, (2005).
''Nonconformism in Birmingham.''
(Excerpt by Spencer from The British Association Handbook of Birmingham, 1886.) Obtained 21 October 2006. His tombstone was moved to the borough cemetery at Witton in 1886. At the time of his death, Toulmin had a plan for an annuitant society for the benefit of widows. However, this society plan came to grief because it was based on London death rates, which differed from those of Birmingham.

Works

Dr. Toulmin was a prolific writer, and is known to have written over sixty publications in the areas of (i)

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...

and

spirituality The meaning of ''spirituality'' has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape o ...

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

parenting Parenting or child rearing promotes and supports the physical, emotional, social, spiritual and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child and not exclusively for a ...

and families,

reference Reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to ''refer to'' the second object. It is called a ''name'' ...

, and

nonfiction Nonfiction, or non-fiction, is any document or media content that attempts, in good faith, to provide information (and sometimes opinions) grounded only in facts and real life, rather than in imagination. Nonfiction is often associated with be ...

. He occasionally contributed to the ''

Theological Repository The ''Theological Repository'' was a periodical founded and edited from 1769 to 1771 by the eighteenth-century British polymath Joseph Priestley. Although ostensibly committed to the open and rational inquiry of theological questions, the journ ...

'', '' The Nonconformists' Memorial'', '' The Monthly Magazine'', and other

periodical A periodical literature (also called a periodical publication or simply a periodical) is a published work that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule. The most familiar example is a newspaper, but a magazine or a journal are also examples ...

publication

Many of his personal letters have survived, and may be seen in

Dr Williams's Library Dr Williams's Library is a small English research library in Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, London. Historically, it has had a strong Unitarian focus. The library has also been known as University Hall. History The library was founded using the e ...

in London. In addition, Taunton public library has a copy of his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset", (published in 1791) and many papers related to him .

Published books

* Toulmin, Joshua. (1777). '' Memoirs of the Life, Character, Sentiments and Writings of Faustus Socinus.'' Hardcover. Publisher: J. Brown, Portable Printing-Press. ASIN B000FVZYBE. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1800). ''The name "Lord of Hosts" explained and improved: In a sermon preached in the chapels of Princes Street, Westminster, on 16 February, and Essex Street, Strand, on 23 February 1800.'' 22 pages. Publisher: Printed by Stower & Hare. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGAFK. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1801). ''The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine: Considered in a series of letters to the Rev. Andrew Fuller : occasioned by his publication entitled ...of an essay on the grounds of love to Christ.'' 177 pages. Publisher: Sold by J. Johnson; 2d ed., enl edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087DT8K. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1802). ''The prospect of future, universal peace: Considered in a sermon preached in the Baptist Chapel in Taunton, in the county of Somerset : on 1 June, ...day of national thanksgiving for the peace.'' 26 pages. Publisher: Printed by C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGADC. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). ''A biographical tribute to the memory of the Rev.

, L.L.D.F.R.S: In an address to the congregation of Protestant Dissenters at the New Meeting... 22 April 1804, on occasion of his death.'' 40 pages. Publisher: Printed by James Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008ANSUQ * Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). ''The aim of the apostle Paul's ministry: Considered in a sermon preached at the New Meeting in Birmingham, 8 January 1804, on entering upon the office of one of the pastors in that congregation.'' 30 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008B9034 * Toulmin, Joshua. (1807). ''The meaning which the word mystery bears in the New Testament: Considered and applied, in a sermon, preached to an assembly of ministers, on the Thursday morning's lecture, at Exeter, 4 May 1791.'' 23 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher & Son; 3rd ed edition. Language: English. ASIN B0008B900M * Toulmin, Joshua. (1808). ''A memoir of Job, an African high priest.'' 196 pages. Language: English. ASIN B0008B0LY6. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1811). ''Four discourses on the nature, design, uses and history of the ordinance of baptism: With a preface containing some strictures on Dr. Priestley's "Letter... Frend's "Letters to the Bishop of Lincoln".'' 93 pages. Publisher: C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BAHN6. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1813). ''The reciprocal duties of ministers and people, illustrated and enforced: A sermon delivered at Dudley in Worcestershire on Whit-Tuesday, 8 June 1813, ...and members of neighbouring congregations.'' 22 pages. Publisher: Printed and published by Orton and Hawkes Smith, also sold by J. Belcher and Son and Sherwood, Neely and Jones. Language: English. ASIN B0008BBAPK. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). ''A free and serious address to the Christian laity, especially such as embracing Unitarian sentiments conform to Trinitarian worship: To which if prefixed... or the Church of England and of dissenters.'' 111 pages. Publisher: Printed and sold by J. Belcher; 2nd ed edition (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0008C4ALU. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). ''An historical view of the state of the Protestant dissenters in England,: And of the progress of free enquiry and religious liberty, from the revolution to the accession of Queen Anne.'' 592 pages. Publisher: Printed by R. Cruttwell and sold by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Browne, London (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0006AR1G0. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). ''Family devotion assisted: Containing forms of morning and evening prayers for a fortnight.'' 132 pages. Publisher: O. and H. Smith. Language: English. ASIN B0008BACKY. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). ''The Unitarian doctrine stated and the objections to it obviated, on the ground of Christ's declaration: A sermon preached before the Devon and Cornwall... of virtue by the distribution of books.'' 35 pages. Publisher: Printed and sold by O. and H. Smith, and by J. Belcher and Son (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0008B40JI. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1817). ''A review of the preaching of the Apostles; or, The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine.'' 59 pages. Publisher: Printed for the Editor by T. Walker (1817). Language: English. ASIN B00089CUFG. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1818). ''Posthumous discourses of the very venerable Joshua Toulmin, D.D.'' 457 pages. Publisher: W. Hawkes Smith (1818). Language: English. ASIN B0008BADPI. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1822). ''The history of Taunton, in the county of Somerset.'' 608 pages. Publisher: Printed for J. Poole; New ed. greatly enlarged edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087CES6. * Toulmin, Joshua. (1874). ''The history of Taunton in the county of Somersetshire.'' 408 pages. Publisher: C.G. Webb. Language: English. ASIN B00087GIFG. * Toulmin, Joshua. ''A new edition of Neal's History of the Puritans, with notes and additions''. * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Dissertations on the Internal Evidences of Christianity''. * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Memories of the Rev. Samuel Bourne'' (Toulmin's colleague at Birmingham). * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Review of the Life, Character, and Writings of John Biddle, .A.'. * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Sermons addressed to Youth, with a Translation of Isocrates's Oration to Demonicus.'' * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Sermons on Devotional Subjects''.

Published letters

* Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). ''Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated 30 October 1778.'' * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Address to Young Men''. * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Letters to Dr. John Sturges on the Church Establishment''. * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Two Letters on the Address of the Dissenting Ministers on Subscription.''

Notes

External links

* Rose, Hugh J., (1857).
''A New General Biographical Dictionary''
vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained 21 October 2006. *Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce, (2006). Toulmin Family Home Page. Obtained 21 October 2006. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Toulmin, Joshua 1740 births 1815 deaths Writers from London English Baptist ministers Brown University alumni 18th-century English historians English religious writers English Christian theologians English Unitarians Harvard Divinity School alumni People educated at St Paul's School, London People of the French Revolution English Presbyterian ministers 18th-century Presbyterian ministers Age of Enlightenment 18th-century Christian clergy 19th-century Christian clergy English male non-fiction writers People from Taunton