Edinboro Fighting Scots Josh D. Koscheck (born November 30, 1977) is an American retired mixed martial artist who fought at

Welterweight Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term "welterweight" was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like Muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the ...

for the UFC and

Bellator MMA Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) is an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 and based in Santa Monica, California, owned and operated as a subsidiary of television and media conglomerate Paramount Glob ...

. Koscheck made his debut with the UFC on the first season of the

reality television Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations, often starring unfamiliar people rather than professional actors. Reality television emerged as a distinct genre in the early 19 ...

show, ''

The Ultimate Fighter ''The Ultimate Fighter'' is an American reality television series and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Pilgrim Media Group currently airing on ESPN+. It previously aired for fourteen ...

'' and fought for the company 25 times from 2005–2015, compiling a UFC record of 15–10.

Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship

Koscheck appeared on the first season of

as a middleweight fighter. He defeated Chris Leben via unanimous decision to advance to the semifinals, where he was defeated by

Diego Sanchez Diego Sanchez (born December 31, 1981) is an American professional mixed martial artist. He competes in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor since 2002, Sanchez is most known for his time in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (U ...

via split decision. Koscheck had his first official UFC fight on April 9, 2005, at The Ultimate Finale, where he defeated Chris Sanford with a first-round KO. Koscheck followed this victory with another win at

UFC Ultimate Fight Night The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with, ''UFC 51: Super Saturday''. The reality TV series ...

over Pete Spratt in Koscheck's debut at welterweight. Since then, Koscheck has amassed an additional three victories after experiencing his first career loss to Drew Fickett due to a rear naked choke. Koscheck then defeated Jonathan Goulet at '' UFC Fight Night 6'' by submission due to strikes. Since 2006, Koscheck has been training at the

American Kickboxing Academy The American Kickboxing Academy (AKA) is a martial arts gym based in San Jose, California. It is one of the pioneering schools of mixed martial arts (MMA). In 2014, AKA opened the ''AKA Thailand'' gym in Phuket, Thailand. Prominent trainers i ...

(AKA) in

San Jose, California San Jose, officially San José (; ; ), is a major city in the U.S. state of California that is the cultural, financial, and political center of Silicon Valley and largest city in Northern California by both population and area. With a 2020 popul ...

, to which he accredits his vastly improved kickboxing technique. Koscheck's fight on December 13, 2006 was against

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ; pt, jiu-jitsu brasileiro ) is a self-defence martial art and combat sport based on grappling, ground fighting ( ne-waza) and submission holds. BJJ focuses on the skill of taking an opponent to the ground, control ...

black belt Jeff Joslin at '' UFC Fight Night 7'' where he won by unanimous decision. Koscheck was then scheduled to fight

on April 7, 2007 at '' UFC 69''. This was the second encounter between the two Welterweight fighters. The first fight – which did not count towards Koscheck's official record due to the bout being considered an exhibition match for ''The Ultimate Fighter'' television taping – resulted in a split decision win for Sanchez. At the weigh-ins for the event, Sanchez shoved Koscheck during the traditional post-weigh-in staredown. Although Sanchez continued to shout at Koscheck, no conflict ensued. In their fight, Koscheck defeated Sanchez by unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27). Koscheck outstruck Sanchez throughout all three rounds and only shot in for a takedown once. During his post-fight interview, Koscheck repeatedly exclaimed, "Nineteen-and-one," in reference to Sanchez' first mixed martial arts defeat (including the two fights from ''The Ultimate Fighter'' show). UFC President

Dana White Dana Frederick White Jr. (born July 28, 1969) is an American businessman who serves as president of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a global mixed martial arts organization. In August 2019, White's net worth was estimated at $500 milli ...

announced a few weeks after the fight that Diego Sanchez had an undiagnosed illness before and during the fight which turned out to be a serious staph infection. On August 25, 2007, Koscheck was defeated by Georges St-Pierre at ''

UFC 74 ''UFC 74: Respect'' was a mixed martial arts pay-per-view event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 25, 2007, at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Background The main event was a UFC Heavyweight Championship b ...

'' via unanimous decision (30–27, 29–28, 29–28). St-Pierre's wrestling skills were displayed during the match by outwrestling Koscheck, scoring takedowns, stuffing Koscheck's takedown attempts and maintaining top position throughout most of the fight. There was speculation before the fight that Koscheck would out-match St-Pierre on the ground due to his credentials, but St-Pierre was confident that he was a better wrestler and striker and was more well-versed in submissions than Koscheck. Josh made his return at UFC 82, defeating Dustin Hazelett by TKO due to strikes at 1:24 of the 2nd round. He won his next fight, against Chris Lytle at UFC 86, winning by unanimous decision after repeatedly taking Lytle down and cutting him badly with "ground and pound" elbows. Koscheck then agreed to step in and fight Thiago Alves at UFC 90 on just 2 weeks notice due to an injury suffered by

. Koscheck lost the fight via unanimous decision. Alves landed powerful leg kicks and managed to drop Koscheck more than once during the fight. On December 10, 2008, Koscheck fought

Yoshiyuki Yoshida (born May 10, 1974) is a Japanese mixed martial artist competing in the welterweight division. A student of former Shooto competitor Noboru Asahi, he has competed in Shooto, Cage Force, and the UFC. On December 1, 2007, he became the first C ...

in the main event at UFC: Fight for the Troops and won by KO in the first round by landing two devastating straight right punches to Yoshida's head. The Japanese fighter remained on the canvas, while being tended to by commission doctors and was removed from the Octagon on a stretcher as a precautionary measure. He was later treated and released from a local hospital for a concussion. Koscheck received $60,000 bonus from the UFC for Knockout of the Night. Koscheck fought promotional newcomer Paulo Thiago at UFC 95. Koscheck was defeated by the debuting Brazilian via first-round KO. Thiago hit Koscheck squarely with a right uppercut and landed a left hook as Koscheck fell to the canvas in a stupor. After the bout was halted, Koscheck got up and argued that he was still alert and able to defend himself. Shortly after the stoppage, Koscheck was seen calmly offering his opinion of the stoppage to the referee: "Too early - just a little bit too early." Koscheck was to fight Chris Wilson at UFC 98 but was forced to withdraw after suffering a foot injury in training. He returned at UFC 103 and defeated returning veteran Frank Trigg via TKO (punches) in the 1st round. Koscheck was expected to face Mike Pierce on January 11, 2010, at UFC Fight Night 20, but instead went on to face Anthony Johnson on November 21, 2009, at UFC 106. On November 21, 2009, Koscheck defeated Anthony Johnson by rear naked choke at 4:47 in the 2nd round. In the first round, Koscheck blocked a knee aimed at his head while he had two knees on the ground. Koscheck went to the ground holding his face, prompting the referee to step in and deduct a point from Johnson. Commentators accused Koscheck of faking the impact of the knee, which seemed to miss Koscheck's face on the replays. Koscheck has said in multiple interviews that he was reacting to an eye poke, not the knee. In round two, Koscheck poked Johnson in the eye twice leading to Johnson being given time to recover. Because of this, many fans think due to the controversy in both rounds between the fighters, it should've been declared a No Contest. In his post fight interview, he called out Dan Hardy, the #1 contender in the Welterweight Division. Koscheck was scheduled to rematch Paulo Thiago at UFC 109, but was forced off the card with an injury and was replaced by

AKA Aka, AKA or a.k.a. may refer to: * "Also known as", used to introduce an alternative name Languages * Aka language (Sudan) * Aka language, in the Central African Republic * Hruso language, in India, also referred to as Aka * a prefix in the n ...

teammate Mike Swick.

Welterweight contendership

Koscheck was signed to fight Paul Daley at UFC 113, which he won by unanimous decision. The fight however, was not without controversy as similar to his fight with Anthony Johnson, Koscheck faked being hit with an illegal knee, resulting in a point deduction for Daley. After the final bell, Daley walked up to Koscheck and delivered a sucker punch to Koscheck, resulting in him being restrained by the referee. In an interview at the conclusion of the event, Dana White announced that Daley would never fight in the UFC again. White was quoted as saying, "He will never come back, I do not care if he's the best 170-pounder in the world. He's never coming back here. There's no excuse for that. You never hit a guy like that after the bell." Via

Twitter Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and ...

, Koscheck expressed a desire to face

Tito Ortiz Jacob Christopher "Tito" Ortiz (; born January 23, 1975) is an American mixed martial artist and politician. He is currently signed to the Combate Americas promotion. Ortiz is best known for his stints with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (U ...

at a catchweight after his fight with Daley, in large part because Ortiz poked fun at

Mark Coleman Mark Daniel Coleman (born December 20, 1964) is an American retired mixed martial artist, professional wrestler and amateur wrestler. Coleman was the UFC 10 and UFC 11 tournament champion, the first UFC Heavyweight Champion, and the Pride ...

after he was defeated at UFC 109. In 2010, Koscheck was a coach on

season 12. The season 12 finale aired on December 4, 2010 with the main event consisting of two fighters ( Michael Johnson and Jonathan Brookins) from team Georges St-Pierre. Koscheck faced Georges St-Pierre at UFC 124 for the UFC Welterweight Championship. UFC 124 was heavily hyped due to Josh's well known animosity towards St-Pierre, stemming from his loss by decision in their fight at

. St Pierre utilized his left jab effectively in the bout, winning all rounds to defeat Koscheck 50-45 by unanimous decision. Koscheck suffered a broken orbital bone on the right side of his face during the fight with St-Pierre. Since he was unable to fly due to air pockets which formed around his right eye, the UFC arranged for Koscheck and his trainer to drive to

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the capital city, state capital and List of municipalities in Massachusetts, most populous city of the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financ ...

, where Koscheck received corrective surgery.

Post-title shot

Koscheck defeated former UFC welterweight champion Matt Hughes on September 24, 2011 at

UFC 135 ''UFC 135: Jones vs. Rampage'' was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on September 24, 2011 at the Pepsi Center in Denver, Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountai ...

via KO in the first round, replacing an injured

. Koscheck was expected to face Carlos Condit on February 4, 2012 at UFC 143. However, on December 7, 2011, it was revealed Georges St-Pierre had sustained ACL injury to his left knee and the injury would sideline him for around ten months, forcing him out of his scheduled bout with Nick Diaz. Condit and Diaz faced each other at the event with the winner crowned interim UFC Welterweight Champion, while Koscheck faced Mike Pierce at the event. He won the fight via split decision. Koscheck then faced Johny Hendricks on May 5, 2012 at UFC on Fox 3. He lost the fight via split decision. Koscheck was expected to face Jake Ellenberger on September 1, 2012 at UFC 151. However, Koscheck pulled out of the bout citing a back injury. Koscheck faced returning veteran Robbie Lawler on February 23, 2013 at UFC 157. Despite being able to take down Lawler several times during the fight, Koscheck lost by TKO after being rocked by a knee to the head while shooting for a takedown, then finished with punches on the ground by Lawler at 3:57 on the 1st round. Koscheck was expected to face Demian Maia on August 3, 2013 at UFC 163. However, Koscheck was forced out of the bout with an injury and as a result, Maia was pulled from the card as well. Koscheck next faced Tyron Woodley at UFC 167 on November 16, 2013. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round. Koscheck was briefly linked to a bout with Neil Magny at UFC 184 on February 28, 2015. However, the pairing was cancelled and Koscheck instead faced Jake Ellenberger at the event. Koscheck lost the fight via submission in the second round. Just 21 days after his loss to Ellenberger, Koscheck replaced an injured Ben Saunders to face Erick Silva on March 21, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 62. Koscheck lost the fight by submission in the first round.

Bellator MMA

On June 26, 2015, it was announced that Koscheck signed a multi-year deal with

. Koscheck was set to make his debut against fellow welterweight Matthew Secor on January 29, 2016 in his home town of Fresno, California and was set to also be the main event. It was announced on January 31, 2017, that Koscheck's previously delayed Bellator debut would take place at Bellator 172 on February 18, 2017 against Mauricio Alonso. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round. Koscheck officially announced his retirement from MMA on June 28, 2018.

Personal life

Koscheck has been married to Tiaira Nowlin, a realty agent, since 2017.

Championships and awards

Collegiate wrestling

National Collegiate Athletic Association The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a nonprofit organization that regulates student athlete, student athletics among about 1,100 schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. It also organizes the athletic sports, ...

NCAA Division I NCAA Division I (D-I) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States, which accepts players globally. D-I schools include the major collegiate athleti ...

All-American out of

Edinboro University PennWest Edinboro is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University, a multi-campus public university in Pennsylvania. Located in the town of Edinboro, the campus has more than 4,600 enrolled students. History Edinboro University was founded ...

(1999, 2000, 2001, 2002) **

NCAA The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a nonprofit organization that regulates student athletics among about 1,100 schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. It also organizes the athletic programs of colleges and ...

Division I 174 1b - 4th place out of

(1999) **

Division I 174 1b - Runner-up out of

(2000) **

Division I 174 1b - Champion out of

(2001) **

Division I 174 1b - 3rd place out of

(2002) **As a senior at Waynesburg Central High School, Koscheck finished second in the 1997 Pennsylvania State Wrestling Championships. In 2001, he went 42-0 and was the NCAA Division I National Champion in the 174-pound weight class. Koscheck was also a four-time Division I All-American (4th, 2nd, 1st, and 3rd) and the 11th four-time Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) Champion. He was honored as the PSAC Wrestler of the Year three times and was twice named the Eastern Wrestling League Wrestler of the Year.''

Mixed martial arts

Ultimate Fighting Championship The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Zuffa, a wholly owned subsidiary of Endeavor Group Holdings. It is the largest MMA ...

** Knockout of the Night (Two times) ** Submission of the Night (One time) ** Fight of the Night (Two times)

Mixed martial arts record

, - , Loss , align=center, 17–11 , Mauricio Alonso , TKO (punches) , Bellator 172 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:42 ,

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 17–10 , Erick Silva , Submission (guillotine choke) , UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. LaFlare , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:21 ,

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...

, Brazil , , - , Loss , align=center, 17–9 , Jake Ellenberger , Submission (north-south choke) , UFC 184 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 4:20 ,

Los Angeles, California Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the wo ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 17–8 , Tyron Woodley , KO (punches) , UFC 167 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:38 ,

Las Vegas Las Vegas (; Spanish language, Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the List of United States cities by population, 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the U.S. state, state of Neva ...

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 17–7 , Robbie Lawler , TKO (knee and punches) , UFC 157 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 3:57 ,

Anaheim, California Anaheim ( ) is a city in northern Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a population of 346,824, making it the most populous city in Orange County, the 10th-most ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 17–6 , Johny Hendricks , Decision (split) , UFC on Fox: Diaz vs. Miller , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

East Rutherford, New Jersey East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the borough's population was 10,022, reflecting an increase of 1,109 (+12.4%) from the 8,913 counted in the 2010 census.

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 17–5 , Mike Pierce , Decision (split) , UFC 143 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Las Vegas, Nevada Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vega ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 16–5 , Matt Hughes , KO (punches) ,

, , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:59 ,

Denver, Colorado Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the United ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 15–5 , Georges St-Pierre , Decision (unanimous) , UFC 124 , , align=center, 5 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Government of Canada, Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is ...

, Canada , , - , Win , align=center, 15–4 , Paul Daley , Decision (unanimous) , UFC 113 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 , Montreal, Quebec, Canada , , - , Win , align=center, 14–4 , Anthony Johnson , Submission (rear-naked choke) , UFC 106 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 4:47 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 13–4 , Frank Trigg , KO (punches) , UFC 103 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 1:25 ,

Dallas, Texas Dallas () is the third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the largest city in and seat of Dallas County wi ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 12–4 , Paulo Thiago , KO (punches) , UFC 95 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 3:29 ,

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

, England , , - , Win , align=center, 12–3 ,

, KO (punch) , UFC: Fight for the Troops , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 2:15 ,

Fayetteville, North Carolina Fayetteville () is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. It is best known as the home of Fort Bragg, a major U.S. Army installation northwest of the city. Fayettev ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 11–3 , Thiago Alves , Decision (unanimous) , UFC 90 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Rosemont, Illinois Rosemont is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Located immediately northwest of Chicago, as of the 2010 census it had a population of 4,202. The village was incorporated in 1956, though it had been settled long before that. Whi ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 11–2 , Chris Lytle , Decision (unanimous) , UFC 86 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 10–2 , Dustin Hazelett , TKO (head kick and punches) , UFC 82 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 1:24 ,

Columbus, Ohio Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, an ...

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 9–2 , Georges St-Pierre , Decision (unanimous) ,

, , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 9–1 ,

, Decision (unanimous) , UFC 69 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 , Houston, Texas, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 8–1 , Jeff Joslin , Decision (unanimous) , UFC Fight Night: Sanchez vs. Riggs , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

San Diego, California San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the List of United States cities by population, eigh ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 7–1 , Jonathan Goulet , TKO (submission to punches) , UFC Fight Night 6 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:10 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 6–1 , Dave Menne , Decision (unanimous) , UFC Fight Night 5 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 5–1 , Ansar Chalangov , Submission (rear-naked choke) , UFC Fight Night 4 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 3:29 ,

, United States , , - , Loss , align=center, 4–1 , Drew Fickett , Technical Submission (rear-naked choke) , UFC Ultimate Fight Night 2 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 4:28 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 4–0 , Pete Spratt , Submission (rear-naked choke) ,

, , align=center, 1 , align=center, 1:53 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 3–0 , Chris Sanford , KO (punch) , The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:21 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 2–0 , Luke Cummo , Decision (unanimous) , Ring of Combat 6 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Elizabeth, New Jersey Elizabeth is a city and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.New J ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 1–0 , Cruz Chacon , Submission (neck crank) , King of the Rockies , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 2:57 ,

Fort Collins, Colorado Fort Collins is a List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality, home rule municipality that is the county seat and the List of municipalities in Colorado, most populous municipality of Larimer County, Colorado, United States. The ci ...

, United States ,

References

External links

Official UFC Profile
*
Koscheck's profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koscheck, Josh 1977 births Living people American male mixed martial artists African-American mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists from Pennsylvania Welterweight mixed martial artists Middleweight mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu American male sport wrestlers Amateur wrestlers American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu People from Waynesburg, Pennsylvania People from Greene County, Pennsylvania Sportspeople from Fresno, California Edinboro University of Pennsylvania alumni Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American sportspeople