Joseph Leopold Eybler (8 February 1765 – 24 July 1846) was an Austrian composer and contemporary of

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

Life

Eybler was born into a musical family in

Schwechat Schwechat () is a town southeast of Vienna known for the Vienna International Airport and Schwechater beer. The city is home to the refineries of the Austrian national oil company OMV. Geography Schwechat is named after the river Schwechat, wh ...

near Vienna.Badura-Skoda and Herrmann-Schneider (n.d.) His father was a teacher, choir director and friend of the

Haydn Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have led ...

family. Joseph Eybler studied music with his father before attending

Stephansdom St. Stephen's Cathedral (german: Stephansdom) is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna and the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, OP. The current Romanesque and Gothic form of the cathedra ...

(the cathedral school of St. Stephen's Boys College) in Vienna. He studied

composition Composition or Compositions may refer to: Arts and literature *Composition (dance), practice and teaching of choreography *Composition (language), in literature and rhetoric, producing a work in spoken tradition and written discourse, to include v ...

under

Johann Georg Albrechtsberger Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (3 February 1736 – 7 March 1809) was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist, and one of the teachers of Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a friend of Haydn and Mozart. Biography Albrechtsberger was born at K ...

, who declared him to be the greatest musical genius in Vienna apart from Mozart. He also received praise from

who was his friend, distant cousin and patron. In 1792 he became choir director at the Karmeliterkirche ( Carmelite Church) in Vienna. Two years later he moved to the Schottenkloster, where he remained for the next thirty years (1794–1824). Eybler also held court posts, including that of court Kapellmeister (chapel master) (1824–33). The Empress Marie Therese commissioned many works from him, including the Requiem in C minor (1803).

Friendship with Mozart

Through Joseph Haydn, Eybler met Mozart, who gave him some lessons and entrusted him with the rehearsal of his

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libr ...

'' Così fan tutte''. Eybler also conducted some performances of ''Così fan tutte''. On May 30, 1790, Mozart wrote a testimonial for the young Eybler: "I, the undersigned, attest herewith that I have found the bearer of this, Herr Joseph Eybler, to be a worthy pupil of his famous master Albrechtsberger, a well-grounded composer, equally skilled at chamber music and the church style, fully experienced in the art of the song, also an accomplished organ and clavier player; in short a young musician such, one can only regret, as so seldom has his equal." Mozart and Eybler remained friends to the end. As Eybler wrote: "I had the good fortune to keep his friendship without reservation until he died, and carried him, put him to bed and helped to nurse him during his last painful illness." After Mozart's death,

Constanze Mozart Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart ( née Weber; 5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a trained Austrian singer. She was married twice, first to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; then to Georg Nikolaus von Nissen. She and Mozart had s ...

asked Eybler to complete her husband's Requiem. Eybler tried but could not complete the commission perhaps, it is thought, because of his great respect for the music of his friend Mozart. ( Franz Xaver Süßmayr completed the task).

Last years

In 1833 Eybler had a stroke while conducting Mozart's Requiem and thereafter could not fulfill his duties at the Court. For his service to the Court, Eybler was raised to the nobility in 1835 and was known henceforth as Joseph Leopold,

Edler Edler () was until 1919 the lowest rank of nobility in Austria-Hungary and Germany, just beneath a ''Ritter'' (hereditary knight), but above untitled nobles, who used only the nobiliary particle ''von'' before their surname. It was mostly given to ...

von Eybler. He died in Vienna on 24 July 1846.

Works

Eybler's main compositions were sacred music, including

oratorio An oratorio () is a large musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists. Like most operas, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias. However, opera is ...

s, masses, cantatas, offertories,

gradual The gradual ( la, graduale or ) is a chant or hymn in the Mass, the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church, and among some other Christians. It gets its name from the Latin (meaning "step") because it was once chanted ...

s, and his requiem. His other works include an opera, instrumental music (especially his

string quintet A string quintet is a musical composition for five string players. As an extension to the string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello), a string quintet includes a fifth string instrument, usually a second viola (a so-called "viola quintet" ...

s), and songs. Of special note may be the

Clarinet Concerto A clarinet concerto is a concerto for clarinet; that is, a musical composition for solo clarinet together with a large ensemble (such as an orchestra or concert band). Albert Rice has identified a work by Giuseppe Antonio Paganelli as possibly th ...

(HV160) he wrote most probably for "Mozart's" clarinetist

Anton Stadler Anton Paul Stadler (28 June 1753, in Bruck an der Leitha – 15 June 1812, in Vienna) was an Austrian clarinet and basset horn player for whom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote, amongst others, both his Clarinet Quintet (K 581) and Clarinet Concer ...

. A recording of this concerto by

Dieter Klöcker Dieter Klöcker (13 April 1936, Wuppertal – 21 May 2011, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German clarinetist known for rediscovering many forgotten composers of the 18th century. Specifically forgotten music of the clarinet. From 1975 to 2002, Kl ...

is available on the Novalis music label.Joseph Leopold, Edler von Eybler: ''Clarinet concerto'', Dieter Klöcker, English Chamber Orchestra on Novalis 150 061 2

Works list

*HV 1 \ Missa Sancti Hermani in C major *HV 2 \ Missa Sancti Michaelis in C major *HV 3 \ Missa Sancti Ludovici in C major *HV 4 \ Missa Sancti Mauritii in C major *HV 5 \ Missa Coronationis Ferdinandi V Regis Hungariae in C major *HV 6 \ Missa Sancti Alberti in C major *HV 7 \ Missa in C major *HV 8 \ Missa Sancti Bennonis in C minor *HV 9 \ Missa Sancti Caroli in C minor *HV 10 \ Missa Sancti Joannis in C minor *HV 11 \ Missa Sancti Wolfgangi in D minor *HV 12 \ Missa Sancti Leopoldi in D minor *HV 13 \ Missa Sancti Ignatii in E-flat major *HV 14 \ Missa Sanctae Andreae in E-flat major *HV 15 \ Missa Sanctorum Apostolorum in E-flat major *HV 16 \ Missa Sancti Clementis in E major *HV 17 \ Missa Sancti Josephi in F major *HV 18 \ Missa Sancti Maximiliani in F major *HV 19 \ Missa Sancti Rudolphi in F major *HV 20 \ Missa Sancti Raineri in F major *HV 21 \ Missa Sancti Sigismundi in F major *HV 22 \ Missa Sanctae Eleonorae in G major *HV 23 \ Missa Sancti Georgii in G major *HV 24 \ Missa Sanctae Sophiae in G major *HV 25 \ Missa pro Sabbato Sancto in G major *HV 26 \ Missa Sancti Ferdinandi in G minor *HV 27 \ Missa Sancti Thaddaei in A-flat major *HV 28 \ Missa Sanctae Elisabethae in A minor *HV 29 \ Missa Sanctae Theresiae in B-flat major *HV 30 \ Missa Sancti Francisci in B-flat major *HV 31 \ Missa Sancti Theodori in B-flat major *HV 32 \ Missa Sancti Antonii in B-flat major *HV 33 \ Missa Sanctae Annae in B-flat major *HV 34 \ Gloria & Incarnatus for Michael Haydn's Missa in D minor *HV 35 \ Kyrie ad Missam in Coena Domini in E minor *HV 36 \ Sanctus in C major *HV 37 \ Requiem in C minor *HV 38 \ Graduale: Quem tuus amor ebriat in C major *HV 39 \ Graduale: Cantate Domino in C major *HV 40 \ Graduale: Omnes de Saba venient in C major *HV 41 \ Graduale: Sperate in Deo omnis in C major *HV 42 \ Graduale: Domine Deus omnium creator in C major *HV 43 \ Graduale: Unam petii in C major *HV 44 \ Graduale: Per te Dei Genitrix in C major *HV 45 \ Graduale: Lauda Sion salvatorem in C major *HV 46 \ Graduale: Os justi meditabitur sapientiam in C minor *HV 47 \ Graduale: Nocte surgentes vigilemus omnes in D major *HV 48 \ Graduale: Ecce sacerdos magnus in D major *HV 49 \ Graduale: Te summe Jesu fontem amoris in D major *HV 50 \ Graduale: Tua est potentia in E-flat major *HV 51 \ Graduale: Omni die dic Mariae laudes in E-flat major *HV 52 \ Graduale: Pater noster in E-flat major *HV 53 \ Graduale: Specie tua in F major *HV 54 \ Graduale: Christus factus est pro nobis in F major *HV 55 \ Graduale: Benedicam Dominum in omni tempore in F major *HV 56 \ Graduale: Non in multitudine est virtus tua Domine in F major *HV 57 \ Graduale: Alma redemptoris Mater in G major *HV 58 \ Graduale: Victimae paschali laudes in G major *HV 59 \ Graduale: Beata gens cuius est Deus in G major *HV 60 \ Graduale: Peccata dimittis in G major *HV 61 \ Graduale: Dies sanctificatus illuxit nobis in G major *HV 62 \ Graduale: Dominus in Sina in sancto in G major *HV 63 \ Graduale: Tu Domine Pater noster in G major *HV 64 \ Graduale: Benedictus es in A-flat major *HV 65 \ Graduale: Ave Maria gratia plena in A major *HV 66 \ Graduale: Cantate Domino in A major *HV 67 \ Graduale: Magnificate Dominum mecum in B-flat major *HV 68 \ Graduale: Exaltate Dominum Deum in B-flat major *HV 69 \ Graduale: Iste est qui ante Deum in B-flat major *HV 70 \ Graduale: Justus ut palma florebit in B-flat major *HV 71 \ Graduale: Bone Deus amor Deus in B-flat major *HV 72 \ Graduale: Populum humilem salvum in B-flat major *HV 73 \ Graduale: Alleluia confitemini Domino in B-flat major *HV 74 \ Graduale: Reges Tharsis et Saba in D major (doubtful) *HV 75 \ Graduale: Domine cor mundum (doubtful, maybe composed by Oehlinger) *HV 76 \ Offertory: Nos populus tuus in C major *HV 77 \ Offertory: Jubilate Deo in C major *HV 78 \ Offertory: Tui sunt coeli et tua est terra in C major *HV 79 \ Offertory: Confirma hoc Deus in C major *HV 80 \ Offertory: Ascendit Deus in C major *HV 81 \ Offertory: Tres sunt qui testimonium in C major *HV 82 \ Offertory: Audite vocem magnam dicentem in C major *HV 83 \ Offertory: Surrexit vere tumulo in C major *HV 84 \ Offertory in C major (text missing) *HV 85 \ Offertory: Terra tremuit et quievit in C minor *HV 86 \ Offertory: Si consistent adversum me castra in C minor *HV 87 \ Offertory: Timebunt gentes nomen tuum Domine in C minor *HV 88 \ Offertory: Domine si observaveris iniquitates in C minor *HV 88 \ Offertory: Haec est dies qua candida in D major *HV 90 \ Offertory: Summe Deus te semper laudum in D major *HV 91 \ Offertory: Jubilate Deo omnis terra in D major *HV 92 \ Offertory: Fremit mare cum furore in D minor *HV 92 \ Offertory: Laus sit Deo in excelsis in D major *HV 94 \ Offertory: Tremit mare in D minor *HV 95 \ Offertory: Lux est orta in E-flat major *HV 96 \ Offertory: Ad te o summa bonitas in E-flat major *HV 97 \ Offertory: Levavi oculos meos in E major *HV 98 \ Offertory: Ad te levavi animam meam in F major *HV 99 \ Offertory: Confitebor Domino in F major *HV 100 \ Offertory: O Maria virgo pia in G major *HV 101 \ Offertory: Domine Deus salutis meae in G major *''HV 102 \ Offertory: Lauda Sion salvatorem in G major'' (incorrectly attributed to Eybler; correctly: Michael Haydns Offertory Lauda Sion, MH 215) *HV 103 \ Offertory: Tecum principium in die virtutis tuae in G major *HV 104 \ Offertory: Levavi in montes oculos meos in G minor *HV 105 \ Offertory: Confitebor tibi Domine in A major *HV 106 \ Offertory: Laudate pueri Dominum in B-flat major *HV 107 \ Offertory: Reges Tharsis et insulae munera in B-flat major *HV 108 \ Offertory: Magna et mirabilia sunt opera in B-flat major *HV 109 \ Offertory: Emitte spiritum tuum in B-flat major *HV 110 \ Antiphon: Regina coeli laetare in C major *HV 111 \ Antiphon: Regina coeli laetare in D major *HV 112 \ Antiphon: Salve Regina in F major *HV 113 \ Antiphon: Salve Regina in G major *HV 114 \ Te Deum in C major (1807) *HV 115 \ Te Deum in C major (1814) *HV 116 \ Te Deum in C major (1824) *HV 117 \ Te Deum in C major *HV 118 \ Te Deum in D major (1800) *HV 119 \ Te Deum in D major (1819) *HV 120 \ Te Deum in B-flat major *HV 121 \ Hymn: Veni sancte spiritus in C major *HV 122 \ Hymn: Alleluia in C major *HV 123 \ Hymn: Tristes erant apostoli in C minor *HV 124 \ Hymn: Iste confessor in D minor *HV 125 \ Hymn: Ecce quo modo moritur justus in F major *HV 126 \ Hymn: Coelestis urbs Jerusalem in F major *HV 127 \ Hymn: Exultet orbis gaudiis in F major *HV 128 \ Hymn: Tantum ergo in F major *HV 129 \ Hymn: Veni sancte spiritus in G major *HV 130 \ Hymn: Jesu nostra redemptio in G major *HV 131 \ Hymn: Asperges me Domine *HV 132 \ De profundis clamavi in G minor *HV 133 \ Laudate Dominum in A minor *HV 134 \ Miserere in D minor *HV 135 \ Litaniae in F major *HV 136 \ Tibi aeterno Deo haec cantica in G major *HV 137 \ Die vier letzten Dinge *HV 138 \ Die Hirten bei der krippe zu Bethlehem *HV 139 \ Dich Schöpfer sanfter Harmonie *HV 140 \ Il sacrifizio *HV 141 \ Die Macht der Tonkunst *HV 142 \ Der Zauberschwert *HV 143 \ Overture to Der Zauberschwert for piano in B-flat major *HV 144 \ Lied: Ein Weibchen das den ganzen Tag in C major *HV 145 \ Lied: Es liebt sich so traulich in E-flat major *HV 146 \ Lied: Ich bin in den Blühmond der Rosen in F major *HV 147 \ Lied: Von Millionen eine allein in G minor *HV 148 \ Lied: Ich will nichts von Liebe wissen in G major *HV 149 \ Lied: Sogleich empfand ich beym Erblicken in B-flat major *HV 150 \ Lied: Von der treue Arm umwunden in E minor *HV 151 \ Scena ed aria for Coriolan *HV 152 \ Scena ed quartetto for Coriolan *HV 153 \ Vanne torna altro...Combattero da forte in D major *HV 154 \ Dov'è la sposa mia...Svenami pur in E-flat major *HV 155 \ Sposa d'Emireno tu sei...L'ombra incerta in E-flat major *HV 156 \ Die Familie des T.C. Gracchus *HV 157 \ Ouverture in C minor, Op. 8 *HV 158 \ Symphony in C major *HV 159 \ Symphony in D major *HV 160 \ Clarinet Concerto in B-flat major *HV 161 \ Divertimento für die Faschingsdienstag in D major *HV 162 \ 12 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 163 \ 12 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 164 \ 12 Minuets for orchestra *HV 165 \ 12 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 166 \ 12 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 167 \ 12 Minuets for orchestra *HV 168 \ 8 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 169 \ 8 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 170 \ 7 Minuets with trios for orchestra *HV 171 \ 5 Minuets with trios for orchestra (2 are lost) *HV 172 \ 13 German Dances for orchestra *HV 173 \ 12 German Dances for orchestra *HV 174 \ 12 German Dances with trios for orchestra (lost) *HV 175 \ 12 German Dances for orchestra (lost) *HV 176 \ 8 German Dances with trios for orchestra *HV 177 \ Contredanze con 6 alternativi for orchestra *HV 178 \ 3 Contredances for orchestra *HV 179 \ Eccossè con 6 alternativi for orchestra *HV 180 \ Dances for orchestra *HV 181 \ Polonaise for orchestra in C major *HV 182 \ String Sextet in D major *HV 183 \ String Quintet Op. 5 in E-flat major *HV 184 \ Viola d'amore Quintet in D major *HV 185 \ Viola d'amore Quintet in D major *HV 186 \ String Quintet in D major *HV 187 \ String Quintet Op. 6 No. 2 in A major *HV 188 \ String Quintet Op. 6 No. 1 in B-flat major *HV 189 \ Flute Quintet in D major *HV 190 \ String Quartet Op. 1 No. 1 in D major *HV 191 \ String Quartet Op. 1 No. 2 in C minor *HV 192 \ String Quartet Op. 1 No. 3 in B-flat major *HV 193 \ String Quartet Op. 10 No. 1 in E-flat major *HV 193a \ String Quartet Op. 2 in E-flat major *HV 194 \ String Quartet Op. 10 No. 2 in A major *HV 194a \ String Quartet Op. 3 in A major *HV 195 \ String Quartet Op. 10 No. 3 in C major *HV 195a \ String Quartet Op. 4 in C major *HV 196 \ Variations "Augustin" for string quartet in G major *HV 197 \ String Trio Op. 2 in C major *HV 198 \ Piano Trio Op. 4 in E-flat major *HV 199 \ Sonata for piano & violin Op. 9 No. 1 in C major *HV 200 \ Sonata for piano & violin Op. 9 No. 2 in F major *HV 201 \ Sonata for piano & violin Op. 9 No. 3 in B-flat major *HV 202 \ Sonata for piano & violin in E-flat major *HV 203 \ Sonata for 2 cellos Op. 7 No. 1 in G major *HV 204 \ Sonata for 2 cellos Op. 7 No. 2 in D minor *HV 205 \ 12 Minuets for piano *HV 206 \ 12 German Dances with trios for piano *HV 207 \ 12 German Dances with trios for piano *HV 208 \ 12 Minuets with trios for piano *HV 209 \ 12 German Dances for piano *HV 210 \ 8 German Dances with trios for piano *HV 211 \ 12 Dances for piano *HV 212 \ 9 Dances for piano "Alexander's Favorit" *HV 213 \ 10 Variations for piano in F major *HV 214 \ 12 Variations for piano in A major *HV 215 \ 12 Variations for piano *HV 216 \ 3 Marches for piano *HV 217 \ 12 Lieder *HV 218 \ Lied: Auf Weihnacht in E major *HV 219 \ Lied: Klagtöne in A-flat major *HV 220 \ Lied: Das Wohltun (lost) *HV 221 \ Lied: Von allen Sterblichen auf Erden (lost) *HV 222 \ Studies for voice & continuo *HV 223 \ Lied: Getröstetes Heimweh in E major *HV 224 \ Lied: Danklied an Gott in E major *HV 225 \ Lied: Ich will vertrauen in F major *HV 226 \ Auf Brüder auf in B-flat major *HV 227 \ Des Volkes Wunsch in C major *HV 228 \ Canon: Frau Mutter schönen Namenstag in G major *HV 229 \ Canon: Des Lebens sich zu freuen in B-flat major *HV 230 \ Canon: Wann i a Räuscherl hab in B-flat major *HV 231 \ Canon: Wohin du reisest, sei glücklich *HV 232 \ Choral: Hymne an Gott in E major *HV 233 \ Choral: Abendlied an einen Freund in A minor *HV 234 \ Choral: Leichengesang in A-flat major *HV 235 \ Ode an Joseph Haydn vom Fräulein Gabriele von Baumberg in C major *HV 236 \ Ode an Joseph Haydn vom Fräulein Gabriele von Baumberg in A minor *HV 237 \ Choral: Freimaurerkantate in F major *HV 238 \ Choral: Aus dem blühenden Vereine (fragment) *HV 239 \ Choral: Zufriedenheit mit Wenigen in B-flat major *HV 240 \ Es töne dann in rascher Saiten Sturme in D major *HV 241 \ Arrangement of Mozart's requiem in D minor *HV 242 \ Arrangement of Haydn's Gott erhalte Franz for orchestra in G major *HV 243 \ Choral after Haydn's Schöpfung (lost) *HV 244 \ Arrangement of Pergolesi's Stabat Mater in F minor *HV 245 \ Arrangement of Weigl's overture to Nachtigal und Rabe for piano in F major *HV 246 \ Sketches of a Kyrie and a Gloria for a Mass *HV 247 \ Mythological Ballet in E-flat major (fragment) *HV 248 \ String Trio in E-flat major (fragment) *HV 249 \ Choral: Laßt uns ihr Brüder in F major (fragment) *HV 250 \ Choral: Der Wanderer in C major (fragment) *HV 251 \ Missa Sancti Buon Compleannon in G major for piano

Notes

References

* Eva Badura-Skoda with Hildegard Herrmann-Schneider (n.d.
"Eybler, Joseph [Josef] Leopold, Edler von"
Grove Music Online * Entry for Eybler in ''The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music'', 1994, Oxford University Press, Inc. * Program notes by Cordula Timm-Hartmann for Eybler's String Quintet and String Trio, 2005 recording by the Quintett Momento Musicale (MDG 603 1321-2)
Joseph Eybler String Quintet Op. 6 No. 1, sound-bites and short bio

in Mozart Forum by Gary Smith

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Eybler, Joseph Leopold 1765 births 1846 deaths Austrian conductors (music) Austrian Classical-period composers Male conductors (music) Edlers of Austria People from Schwechat Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger String quartet composers 19th-century male musicians