Joseph Ennemoser - Arzt und Schriftsteller

Joseph Ennemoser (15 November 1787 – 19 September 1854) was a

South Tyrolean it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous area, Autonomous Provinces of Italy, province , image_skyline = ...

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

and stubborn late proponent of

Franz Mesmer Franz Anton Mesmer (; ; 23 May 1734 – 5 March 1815) was a German physician with an interest in astronomy. He theorised the existence of a natural energy transference occurring between all animated and inanimate objects; this he called " ani ...

's theories of

animal magnetism Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, was a protoscientific theory developed by German doctor Franz Mesmer in the 18th century in relation to what he claimed to be an invisible natural force (''Lebensmagnetismus'') possessed by all livi ...

. He became known to English readers through

Mary Howitt Mary Howitt (12 March 1799-30 January 1888) was an English poet, the author of the famous poem '' The Spider and the Fly''. She translated several tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Some of her works were written in conjunction with her husband, ...

's translation of his ''History of Magic'' (1819, 1844, tr. 1854).''The History of Magic''
Vol 1

Biography

Ennemoser, the child of poor parents, was born in Egghof bei Rabenstein (today

Moos in Passeier Moos in Passeier (; it, Moso in Passiria ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Passeier Valley. It is located in South Tyrol, northern Italy, about northwest of the province's capital Bolzano, on the border with Austria. Geography As of 30 No ...

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

, Italy) and raised by his grandfather. He attended high school in

Merano Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier V ...

and

Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centu ...

, and from 1806 studied medicine in

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...

. On the outbreak of war in 1809 he became a secretary to

Andreas Hofer Andreas Hofer (22 November 1767 – 20 February 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and drover, who in 1809 became the leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the Napoleonic and Bavarian invasion during the War of the Fifth Coalition. He was subse ...

, and later continued his studies in

Erlangen Erlangen (; East Franconian German, East Franconian: ''Erlang'', Bavarian language, Bavarian: ''Erlanga'') is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of the administrative district Erlangen-Höchstadt (former administrative d ...

and

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. In 1812 he moved to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

, where he met

Christian Friedrich von Petersdorff Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρισ ...

and

Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm Freiherr von Lützow (18 May 17826 December 1834) was a Prussian general notable for his organization and command of the '' Lützow Freikorps'' of volunteers during the Napoleonic Wars. Early life Lützow was born in Berlin ...

. In the summer of 1812, he went to

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

together with several Tyroleans to appeal for support in the fight against

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

. From 1813 he was in the

Lützow Free Corps Lützow Free Corps ( ) was a volunteer force of the Prussian army during the Napoleonic Wars. It was named after its commander, Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow. The Corpsmen were also widely known as the “''Lützower Jäger''“ or “''Schwarz ...

as an active leader of a group of Tyrolean marksmen which gained fame at

Lauenburg Lauenburg (), or Lauenburg an der Elbe ( en, Lauenberg on the Elbe), is a town in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the northern bank of the river Elbe, east of Hamburg. It is the southernmost town of Schleswig-Holstein ...

and

Jülich Jülich (; in old spellings also known as ''Guelich'' or ''Gülich'', nl, Gulik, french: Juliers, Ripuarian: ''Jöllesch'') is a town in the district of Düren, in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. As a border region betwe ...

. In September 1813 he was promoted to second lieutenant. After the First Treaty of Paris in 1814, he completed his studies in Berlin and became a supporter of

Franz Anton Mesmer Franz Anton Mesmer (; ; 23 May 1734 – 5 March 1815) was a German physician with an interest in astronomy. He theorised the existence of a natural energy transference occurring between all animated and inanimate objects; this he called " ani ...

and his theory of

. In 1819, he became a professor of medicine in

Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr r ...

, leaving in 1837 for

and then, in 1841, settling in

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...

, where he earned a great reputation as a "magnetic physician." He died in Egern (now

Rottach-Egern Rottach-Egern () is a municipality (''Gemeinde Rottach-Egern am Tegernsee'') and town located at Lake Tegernsee in the district of Miesbach in Upper Bavaria, Germany, about 55 km (35 miles) south of central Munich. Late Austrian actor Walter Slez ...

) by

Lake Tegernsee The Tegernsee is a '' Zungenbecken'' lake in the Bavarian Alps in southern Germany. The lake is the centre of a popular recreation area south-east of Munich. Resorts on the lake include the eponymous Tegernsee, as well as Bad Wiessee, Kreuth, Gm ...

in southern Germany. A Viennese street, the Ennemosergasse, was named after him in 1955.

Selected works

*''De Montium Influxu in Valetudinem Hominum, Vitae Genus et Morbos. Dissertatio Inauguralis Medica'' (''Vom Einfluss der Berge auf die Gesundheit der Menschen, auf ihre Lebensweise und ihre Krankheiten''). Berlin 1816. *''Der Magnetismus nach der allseitigen Beziehung seines Wesens, seiner Erscheinungen, Anwendung und Enträthselung in einer geschichtlichen Entwickelung von allen Zeiten und bei allen Völkern''. Leipzig 1819. *''Ueber die nähere Wechselwirkung des Leibes und der Seele, mit anthropologischen Untersuchungen über den Mörder Adolph Moll''. Habicht, Bonn 1825. *''Der Magnetismus in seiner geschichtlichen Entwickelung'' (Leipzig 1819), from the 2nd edition with the title ''Geschichte des thierischen Magnetismus. Bd.: 1 Geschichte der Magie''. Leipzig 1844. Facsimile edition, Sändig, Wiesbaden 1966. *''Historisch-psychologische Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und das Wesen der menschlichen Seele überhaupt, und über die Beseelung des Kindes insbesondere''. Bonn 1824, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart 1851. *''Anthropologische Ansichten zur bessern Kenntnis des Menschen''. Bonn 1828. *''Der Magnetismus im Verhältnis zur Natur und Religion'' (mit einem Anhang über das Tischrücken). Stuttgart 1842, 2. Aufl. 1853. *''Was ist die Cholera und wie kann man sich vor ihr am sichersten verwahren? Nebst Angabe der bewährtesten Heilung derselben''. 2. Auflg. Stuttgart 1848. *''Der Geist des Menschen in der Natur oder die Psychologie in Uebereinstimmung mit der Naturkunde''. Cotta, Stuttgart 1849. *''Anleitung zur Mesmerschen Praxis''. Stuttgart 1852. Neudruck der Ausg. 1852, Kuballe, Osnabrück 1984. *''Das Horoskop in der Weltgeschichte''. München 1860. Reprinted with an autobiographical fragment: ''Mein Leben'' and extra material and commentary by Hermann Haase. Pflüger Verlag, München 1924. *''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und das Wesen der menschlichen Seele''. Including ''Mein Leben''. Verlag Die Pforte, Basel 1980. .

Bibliography

* * * Jakob Bremm: ''Der Tiroler Joseph Ennemoser: 1787 - 1854; ein Lehrer des tierischen Magnetismus und vergessener Vorkämpfer des entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Denkens in der Medizin''. Fischer, Jena 1930. * Karl Wilhelm Schmitz: ''Der Tierische Magnetismus als Teilaspekt der Romantischen Naturphilosophie des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts im Lebenswerk des Tirolers Joseph Ennemoser.'' Univ., Diss., Bonn 1995. * Ellen Hastaba, Siegfried de Rachewiltz (Hrsg.): ''Für Freiheit, wahrheit und Recht! Joseph Ennemoser und Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer. Tirol von 1809 bis 1848/49''. Schlern-Schriften 349, Innsbruck 2009. * Monika Fink-Lang: ''Der Arzt und Magnetiseur Joseph Ennemoser. Vom Wunder des menschlichen Geistes''. DAMALS Das Magazin für Geschichte 4/ 2010. * Siegfried de Rachewiltz (Hrsg.): ''Joseph Ennemoser. Leben und Werk des Freiheitskämpfers, Mediziners und Magnetiseurs (1787 - 1854)''. Haymon, Innsbruck 2010, (= Schriftenreihe historische Quellen zur Kulturgeschichte Tirol Bd 5).

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ennemoser, Joseph 1787 births 1854 deaths 19th-century Austrian physicians People from Moos in Passeier