Joseph D'Aquin (14 January 1732 – 11 July 1815) was an early pioneer in the field of
psychiatry
Psychiatry is the specialty (medicine), medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions. See glossary of psych ...
.
Biography
Joseph D'Aquin (or Daquin) was born in 1732 in
Chambéry
Chambéry (, , ; Arpitan: ''Chambèri'') is the prefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. The population of the commune of Chambéry was 58,917 as of 2019, while the population of the Chamb ...
, in the duchy of
Savoy, part of the
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Kingdom of Sardinia,The name of the state was originally Latin: , or when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica. In Italian it is , in French , in Sardinian , and in Piedmontese . also referred to as the Kingdom of Savoy-S ...
. He attended medical school at the
University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian language, Italian: ''Università degli Studi di Torino'', UNITO) is a public university, public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont (Italy), Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the List ...
, where he graduated in 1757. He also studied at
Montpellier and Paris. In 1791, he published a book entitled ''Philosophy of madness'', which some consider the first book in the field of psychiatry. However, his recognition has been limited by the fact that
Philippe Pinel
Philippe Pinel (; 20 April 1745 – 25 October 1826) was a French physician, precursor of psychiatry and incidentally a zoologist. He was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of ps ...
never cited the work of Joseph D'Aquin in his famous medical and philosophical ''Traité médico-philosophique sur l'aliénation mentale; ou la manie'' published in 1801.
Literary works
* ''À ses Concitoyens (de vaccine...)'', 13 pages
* ''Analyse des eaux thermales d'Aix en Savoye (Thermal waters analysis of Aix in Savoy)'', 1772, published by F. Gorrin
* ''Analyse des prétendues eaux ferrugineuses de la Boisse, situées près de Chambéry'', 1777, published by J. Lullin, 35 pages
* ''Topographie medicale de la ville de Chambery et de ses environs (Medical topography of the city of Chambery and its environs)'', 1787, published by F. Gorrin, 151 pages
* ''Défense de la topographie médicale de Chambery'', 1788, published by F. Gorrin, 58 pages
* ''La Philosophie de la folie (The philosophy of madness)'', 1791, First edition.
* ''La Philosophie de la folie (The philosophy of madness)'', 1804, Second edition dedicated to
Philippe Pinel
Philippe Pinel (; 20 April 1745 – 25 October 1826) was a French physician, precursor of psychiatry and incidentally a zoologist. He was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of ps ...
.
* ''Des eaux thermales d'Aix dans le département du Mont-Blanc: de leurs vertus médicales.. (Thermal waters of Aix in the Mont Blanc region: their medical virtues...)'', 1808, published by P. Cléaz, 369 pages
Tributes and awards
* Member of the
Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Lyon
__NOTOC__
The Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Lyon (French: Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon) is a French learned society founded in 1700. Its founders included:
* Claude Brossette, lawyer, alderman of Lyons, and ...
* Member of the Agricultural Society of Turin
* Permanent Secretary of the Agricultural Society of Chambéry
* Correspondent of the
Royal Society of Medicine in Paris, which awarded J. D'Aquin a gold medal for his work entitled "Medical Topography of the city of Chambéry and its environs" published in 1787.
References
* Joseph Daquin. (2015, March 26). ''Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre''. Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Daquin&oldid=113276139.
Further reading
* Caire M. (1996) "Une lettre inedite de Joseph Daquin: Le plan du journal sur les fous", Hist. Sci. Med., Paris, 30, pp. 181–188.
* Nyffeler J.R. (1961) Joseph Daquin und seine "Philosophie de la folie", Juris, Zurich.
{{DEFAULTSORT:DAquin, Joseph
1732 births
1815 deaths
French psychiatrists
History of psychiatry