Joseph Carter (1910–1970) was the pseudonym of Joseph Friedman, a founding member of the American

Trotskyist Trotskyism is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Ukrainian-Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky and some other members of the Left Opposition and Fourth International. Trotsky self-identified as an orthodox Marxist, a ...

movement. Friedman was expelled from the

Young Communist League The Young Communist League (YCL) is the name used by the youth wing of various Communist parties around the world. The name YCL of XXX (name of country) originates from the precedent established by the Communist Youth International. Examples of Y ...

, the youth wing of the

Communist Party of America The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revo ...

, in 1929 for his Trotskyist sympathies. He became a charter member of the Trotskyist Communist League of America and with Emanuel Geltman and

Albert Glotzer Albert Glotzer (1908–1999), also known as Albert Gates, was a professional stenographer and founder of the Trotskyist movement in the United States. He was best remembered as the court reporter for the 1937 John Dewey Commission that examined ...

created Young Spartacus, the youth newspaper of the Communist league. Friedman was the original editor of ''Labor Action,'' the official organ of the Workers Party, the organization established by

James Burnham James Burnham (November 22, 1905 – July 28, 1987) was an American philosopher and political theorist. He chaired the New York University Department of Philosophy; his first book was ''An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis'' (1931). Burn ...

Max Shachtman Max Shachtman (; September 10, 1904 – November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. He went from being an associate of Leon Trotsky to a social democrat and mentor of senior assistants to AFL–CIO President George Meany. Beginnings S ...

, and

Martin Abern Martin may refer to: Places * Martin City (disambiguation) * Martin County (disambiguation) * Martin Township (disambiguation) Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Austr ...

in April 1940 following their departure from the Socialist Workers Party. He was one of the originators of the theory of

bureaucratic collectivism Bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society. It is used by some Trotskyists to describe the nature of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and other similar states in Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere (such as North Korea). Th ...

. He dropped out of political activity after World War II.Ernest E. Haberkern and Arthur Lipow, editors, ''Neither Capitalism nor Socialism'', Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1996.

References

External links

Production for the Sake of Production: A Reply to Carter
by J. R. Johnson (pen name of

C.L.R. James Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901 – 31 May 1989),Fraser, C. Gerald, ''The New York Times'', 2 June 1989. who sometimes wrote under the pen-name J. R. Johnson, was a Trinidadian historian, journalist and Marxist. His works are in ...

) {{DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Joseph 1910 births 1970 deaths Members of the Socialist Workers Party (United States) Members of the Workers Party (United States)