Joseph Bové (russian: Осип Иванович Бове, ''Osip Ivanovich Bove'', also known during his lifetime as Joseph Jean-Baptiste Charles de Beauvais; 4 November 1784 — 28 June 1834, all
n.s.) was an
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
-
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
neoclassical architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
who supervised reconstruction of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
after the
Fire of 1812.
Biography
![Joseph Bové House](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Joseph_Bov%C3%A9_House.jpg)
Bové was born in
St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
in the family of Vincenzo Giovanni Bova, a painter from
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
who settled in Russia in 1782. He had two younger brothers, Michaele and Alessandro, who also trained in architecture and later became his associates. Soon after Joseph's birth, the family moved to Moscow. From 1802 to 1807, he studied architecture. Starting in 1807 he worked as an assistant to
Matvei Kazakov and
Carlo Rossi in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
and
Tver
Tver ( rus, Тверь, p=tvʲerʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is northwest of Moscow. Population:
Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russian ...
. As a full-time employee of the Expedition, he was involved in various Kremlin maintenance jobs. In 1813, after the
Fire of Moscow (1812)
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are pr ...
that razed most of the city, Bové was hired by the Moscow Building Commission and assigned to lead the "Facade Department", responsible for the approval of new facade designs and for enforcing the placement of new buildings according to the new master plan's street lines. The plan, however, was not finalized until 1817. Private builders were so numerous that Bové and the city failed to control them. Emperor
Alexander
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.
Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
, visiting Moscow, was enraged to see buildings painted in all kinds of colors, especially deep red and dark green, and issued a decree that limited the city palette to modest, pale colours.
While the
Giliardi Family was rebuilding major public buildings like
Moscow State University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
, Bové was in charge of designing and rebuilding the new
Central Squares of Moscow The Central Squares of Moscow consists of a chain of squares around the historical Moscow Kremlin and Kitai-gorod areas of central Moscow, Russia, following the historical and now mostly razed down Kitai-gorod wall. These squares and avenues connec ...
and
Red Square
Red Square ( rus, Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad', ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːətʲ) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, the capital of Russia. Owing to its historical significance and the adjacent historical build ...
. His best known project,
Theatre Square, was completed in 1825, however both
Bolshoi Theater and
Maly Theater were subsequently rebuilt, and the square lost its neoclassical symmetry. In fact, most of his buildings were demolished by accidents or real estate developers:
![Trubetskoy family house](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Trubetskoy_family_house.jpg)
* Trade Rows in
Red Square
Red Square ( rus, Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad', ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːətʲ) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, the capital of Russia. Owing to its historical significance and the adjacent historical build ...
(1815), with a
rotunda dome mirroring the dome of Kazakov's
Kremlin Senate
The Kremlin Senate (The Senate Palace, russian: Сенатский дворец) is a building within the grounds of the Moscow Kremlin in Russia. Initially constructed from 1776 to 1787, it originally housed the Moscow branch of the Governing S ...
, were demolished in the 1880s to make way for the larger
Upper Trading Rows.
*
Gagarin family mansion in
Novinsky Boulevard was destroyed by an air raid in 1941.
*
Triumphal Arch
A triumphal arch is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road. In its simplest form a triumphal arch consists of two massive piers connected by an arch, cro ...
by Tverskaya Zastava (1827–1834) was demolished in 1938; a replica was built in the 1960s in
Dorogomilovo District.
* Listed memorial building at
Tverskoy Boulevard
Tverskoy Boulevard (russian: Тверской бульвар) is one of the main thoroughfares in central Moscow. It is a part of the Boulevard Ring and begins at the end of the Nikitsky Boulevard, at the crossing with Bolshaya Nikitskaya Stree ...
, 26 and nearby was razed by
Konstantin Ernst
Konstantin Lvovich Ernst (russian: Константин Львович Эрнст; born 6 February 1961) is a Russian media manager, producer and TV host. He is currently the CEO of Channel One Russia.
Biography Early years and education
His ...
's development company in 2003-2005.
In 1824 and 1825, he participated in the reconstruction of
Moscow Manege
The Moscow Manege ( rus, Мане́ж, p=mɐˈnʲeʂ, a=Ru-манеж.ogg) is an oblong building along the west side of Manege Square, which was cleared in the 1930s and lies adjacent to Red Square. It is the site of Moscow Design Museum sinc ...
. He designed numerous private mansions in Moscow, but his most famous work remains the
Bolshoi Theatre. Extant buildings include:
* The Intercession Church in Balashikha
* 37, Myasnitskaya Street
* Catherine's Hospital in
Strastnoy Boulevard
Strastnoy Boulevard, (russian: Страстной Бульвар) is a major boulevard in Moscow. It begins in the Tverskoy District by Pushkin Square, Tverskaya Street and Tverskoy Boulevard. The boulevard ends at Petrovka Street, although ...
* Military school and barracks in
Lefortovo District
Lefortovo District ( rus, райо́н Лефо́ртово, a=Ru-Lefortovo.ogg, p=lʲɪˈfortəvə) is a district of South-Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Its area is . Population:
History
The Lefortovo Dis ...
* First City Hospital in present-day
Leninsky Prospekt
* Two small mansions on the
Garden Ring
The Garden Ring, also known as the "B" Ring (russian: Садо́вое кольцо́, кольцо́ "Б"; transliteration: ''Sadovoye Koltso''), is a circular ring road avenue around central Moscow, its course corresponding to what used to b ...
(15, Sadovo-Kudrinskaya)
![Church of St](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Church_of_St.Nikolay_in_Kotelniki_by_Joseph_Bove.jpg)
* Church of St.Nicholas in Kotelniki by Joseph Bové (on
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment (russian: Котельническая набережная) is a street on the northern bank of Moskva River in central Tagansky District of Moscow, Russia. It spans from the mouth of Yauza River (west) to the point on ...
)
* His last work, Church of Theotokos, "
Joy of all who Sorrow
In Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Christianity, the Joy of all who sorrow, or the Joy of all afflicted (russian: Всех скорбящих Радость) is a title given to the Theotokos (Mary, the mother of Jesus). The iconography is ...
" on Bolshaya Ordynka Street (1831–1836)
Death
Bové died in Moscow in 1834, aged 49, and was interred at the
Donskoy monastery
Donskoy Monastery (russian: Донско́й монасты́рь) is a major monastery in Moscow, founded in 1591 in commemoration of Moscow's deliverance from the threat of an invasion by the Crimean Khan Kazy-Girey. Commanding a highway to ...
.
References
* Biography: Покровская, З.К., "Осип Бове", М, Стройиздат, 1999,
* Official register of memorial buildings in Moscow (Moskomnasledie) a
The Academy of State Fire Service (of Russian Ministry of Interior)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bove, Joseph
Architects from Moscow
Russian neoclassical architects
Russian people of Italian descent
1784 births
1834 deaths