Joseph Barth (28 October 1746 – 7 April 1818) was a Maltese-born Austrian

ophthalmologist Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgery, surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Followin ...

. He is believed to have been the first professor of ophthalmology.

Education

He studied at the Anatomical and Surgical School at

Sacra Infermeria The Mediterranean Conference Centre (MCC, mt, Dar il-Mediterran għall-Konferenzi) is a conference centre in Valletta, Malta. The building was built as a hospital in the 16th century by the Order of St. John, and it was known as the Sacra Infer ...

in Valletta (Malta), the Santo Spirito Hospital in Rome (Italy), the University of Vienna (Austria). He earned his

medical doctorate Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. T ...

from Vienna in 1772.

Career

He was appointed Public Teacher in Ophthalmology and Anatomy (1773), Professor of Ophthalmology and Anatomy (1774) and Oculist and Professor of Physiology (1786) at the University of Vienna; he was nominated Royal Counsellor (1774) and appointed oculist to Emperor Joseph II (1776); he retired in 1791 but maintained the post of personal imperial physician and ophthalmologist until his death.

Achievements

Joseph Barth was to gain renown in ophthalmologic practice and to occupy the first Chair of Ophthalmology in Europe, at the

Medical University of Vienna The Medical University of Vienna (German: ''Medizinische Universität Wien'') is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It is the direct successor to the faculty of medicine at the University of Vienna, founded in 1365 by Rudolf IV, Duk ...

. His appointment to the post by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was made in consideration of his "special skill in eye diseases as well as his aptitude in finer anatomy". The professorship occupied by Barth remained the leader in ophthalmology with the subsequent professorship being instituted in Berlin only in 1866. In Malta the professorship in ophthalmology was only established in 1880 being incumbent by Professor Lawrence Manche. Barth also opened a private nursing home and the first public eye clinic in the Vienna General Hospital in 1784, wherein he operated on cases of cataract. He apparently designed the original version of the "Beer's knife" that was subsequently modified and popularised by his student. His clinical renown led to his appointment as Imperial Oculist after he successfully treated Kaiser Joseph II of a stubborn "ophthalmitis". Barth was very much a clinical teacher and was responsible for the training of several renowned physicians, notably Joseph Ehrenritter,

Johann Adam Schmidt Johann Adam Schmidt (12 October 1759 – 19 February 1809) was a German-Austrian surgeon and ophthalmologist who was a native of Aub, a town near Würzburg. He began his medical career as an army ''Unterchirurg'' (under surgeon), and later studi ...

Georg Joseph Beer Georg Joseph Beer (23 December 1763 – 11 April 1821) was an Austrian ophthalmologist. He is credited with introducing a flap operation for treatment of cataracts (Beer's operation), as well as popularizing the instrument used to perform the su ...

Georg Prochaska Georg Prochaska (sometimes also Juri, Jiří or Georgius Prochaska; cs, Jiří Procháska) (10 April 1749 in Blížkovice – 17 July 1820 in Vienna) was a leading Czech-Austrian anatomist, ophthalmologist, physiologist, writer and university pro ...

, Jacob Santerelli, G.B. Quadri, and Pietro Magistretti. Prochaska and Beer succeeded him in the position of Chair of Ophthalmology. He also established an Anatomical Museum that housed an assembly of 1576 specimens, some prepared by Barth himself. He also founded a medical library that contained 1500 volumes. Barth did not publish extensively preferring clinical teaching. His publications included an anatomical work on myology Anfangsgrunde der Muskellehre (Vienna, 1786, 2nd ed. 1819) and an operative text on cataract removal ''Etwas uber die Ausziehung des graven Staars fur den genubten Operateur'' (Vienna, 1797, Salzburg, 1797). In 1827, Dr Stefano Zerafa described Joseph Barth as "a man of great merits, Maltese citizen, Chief Physician and Counsellor to Her Sacred Majesty, Professor of Sublime Anatomy and Physiology in the Academy of Vienna, undoubtedly the first among ophthalmologists."

References

External links

Barth's neurotree profile
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barth, Joseph 1746 births 1818 deaths Austrian ophthalmologists Physicians from Vienna People from Valletta 18th-century Maltese physicians Maltese ophthalmologists