__NOTOC__ Joseph Amadee Goguen ( ; June 28, 1941 – July 3, 2006) was an American

computer scientist A computer scientist is a person who is trained in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (al ...

. He was professor of Computer Science at the

University of California The University of California (UC) is a public land-grant research university system in the U.S. state of California. The system is composed of the campuses at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, ...

and

University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...

, and held research positions at IBM and SRI International. In the 1960s, along with Lotfi Zadeh, Goguen was one of the earliest researchers in fuzzy logic and made profound contributions to fuzzy set theory. In the 1970s Goguen's work was one of the earliest approaches to the algebraic characterisation of

abstract data types In computer science, an abstract data type (ADT) is a mathematical model for data types. An abstract data type is defined by its behavior (semantics) from the point of view of a ''user'', of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, pos ...

and he originated and helped develop the OBJ family of

programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming ...

s. He was author of ''A Categorical Manifesto'' and founderBurstall R., "My friend Joseph Goguen", in ''Goguen Festschrift'', K. Futatsugi et al. (Eds.),

Lecture Notes in Computer Science ''Lecture Notes in Computer Science'' is a series of computer science books published by Springer Science+Business Media since 1973. Overview The series contains proceedings, post-proceedings, monographs, and Festschrifts. In addition, tutorials, ...

4060, Springer, pp. 25–30 (2006). and Editor-in-Chief of the '' Journal of Consciousness Studies''. His development of institution theory impacted the field of universal logic. Standard implication in

product fuzzy logic Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely ...

is often called "Goguen implication". Goguen categories are named after him.Michael Winter, "Goguen Categories: A Categorical Approach to L-fuzzy Relations", Springer (2007). .Michael Winter, "Representation theory of Goguen categories", ''

Fuzzy Sets and Systems ''Fuzzy Sets and Systems'' is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA) and was founded in 1978. The editors-in-chief (as of 2010) are Bernard De Baets ...

'' 138 (1): 85–126 (2003). He was married to Ryoko Amadee Goguen, who is a composer, pianist, and vocalist.

Education and academic career

Goguen received his

bachelor's degree A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ...

mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

from

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

in 1963, and his PhD in mathematics from the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

in 1968, where he was a student of the founder of fuzzy set theory, Lotfi Zadeh.Zadeh L.A., "Joseph Amadee Goguen (1941–2006): A personal tribute", ''

'' 158: 809–810 (2007). . He taught at

UC Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public university, public land-grant university, land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of Californi ...

, the

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the b ...

and

University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California St ...

, where he was a full professor of

computer science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...

. He held a Research Fellowship in the Mathematical Sciences at the

IBM Watson Research Center The Thomas J. Watson Research Center is the headquarters for IBM Research. The center comprises three sites, with its main laboratory in Yorktown Heights, New York, Yorktown Heights, New York (state), New York, U.S., 38 miles (61 km) north ...

, where he organised the "ADJ" group. Also He also visited the

University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 15 ...

in Scotland on three Senior Visiting Fellowships. From 1979 to 1988, Goguen worked at SRI International in Menlo Park, California. From 1988 to 1996, he was a professor at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the

Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford The Department of Computer Science is the computer science department of the University of Oxford, England, which is part of the university's Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division. It was founded in 1957 as the Computing Laboratory. ...

) in England and a

Fellow A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...

St Anne's College, Oxford St Anne's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1879 and gained full college status in 1959. Originally a women's college, it has admitted men since 1979. It has some 450 undergraduate and 200 ...

. In 1996 he became professor of Computer Science at the

University of California, San Diego The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego or colloquially, UCSD) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in San Diego, California. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Insti ...

Research areas

Goguen's research interests included

category theory Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations that was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the middle of the 20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology. Nowadays, cate ...

(a branch of

software engineering Software engineering is a systematic engineering approach to software development. A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to design, develop, maintain, test, and evaluate computer software. The term '' ...

fuzzy logic Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely ...

, algebraic semantics,

user interface In the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a user interface (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine f ...

design, algebraic semiotics, and the

social Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from ...

and ethical aspects of science and technology. In the preface to a book dedicated to Goguen, Futatsugi, Jouannaud and Meseguer stated that Goguen's work changed the way we think about concepts such as data types, programming languages and software specification.K. Futatsugi, J. Jouannaud, and J. Meseguer "Algebra, Meaning, and Computation" Springer, 2006, ISBN 978-3540354628, pp vii In a review of Goguen's work on fuzzy sets Radim Belohlavek wrote that In the early stages of the development of fuzzy systems, Goguen made profound contributions with lasting influence.Radim Belohlavek "Goguen's contributions to fuzzy logic in retrospect" International Journal of General Systems. Volume 48, 2019 - Issue 8 Lotfi Zadeh viewed Goguen's 1968 approach to "The Logic of Inexact Concepts" as seminal in the field of

. Goguen's PhD dissertation "Categories of fuzzy sets" was the first work to apply category theory to fuzzy logic, and led to Goguen categories being named after him. Goguen's research in the 1970s was one of the earliest approaches to the characterisation of computational automata from a categorical perspective.Bart Jacobs, "A Bialgebraic Review of Regular Expressions, Deterministic Automata and Languages", in ''Algebra, Meaning, and Computation'', Springer, pp. 375 (2006). . Goguen's research with Thatcher, Wagner and Wright (also in the 1970s) was one of the earliest works to formalise the algebraic basis for data abstraction.V. S. Alagar, "Specification of Software Systems", Springer, pp. 216 (1999). . In the early 1990s Goguen and

Rod Burstall Rodney Martineau "Rod" Burstall FRSE (born 1934) is a British computer scientist and one of four founders of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh. Biography Burstall studied physics at the Universi ...

developed the theory of

institution Institutions are humanly devised structures of rules and norms that shape and constrain individual behavior. All definitions of institutions generally entail that there is a level of persistence and continuity. Laws, rules, social conventions a ...

s, a category-theoretic description of logical systems in computer science. Institution theory impacted the development of universal logic and became one of its most studied aspects. The term " Carnapian Goguenism" is used to refer to the application of institutions to ontologies. Goguen also studied the philosophy of computation and information, formal methods (especially hidden algebra and

theorem proving Automated theorem proving (also known as ATP or automated deduction) is a subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic dealing with proving mathematical theorems by computer programs. Automated reasoning over mathematical proof was a maj ...

), and relational and

functional programming In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by Function application, applying and Function composition (computer science), composing Function (computer science), functions. It is a declar ...

. He wrote a retrospective of his work and its context, ''Tossing Algebraic Flowers Down the Great Divide''.Goguen, J. A.
"Tossing Algebraic Flowers Down the Great Divide"
''

''.

Personal views

Goguen was a practitioner of

Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...

. Specifically, since the early 1970s he was a student of Chögyam Trungpa and, after his death in 1987, of his son

Sakyong Mipham Sakyong Jamgon Mipham Rinpoche, Jampal Trinley Dradul (born Ösel Rangdrol Mukpo on November 15, 1962) is an American and Tibetan Buddhist descendant of the Shambhala lineage and Shambhala, a worldwide network of urban Buddhist meditation center ...

. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, he was a faculty member of the science program at the

Naropa Institute Naropa University is a private university in Boulder, Colorado. Founded in 1974 by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chögyam Trungpa, it is named for the 11th-century Indian Buddhist sage Naropa, an abbot of Nalanda. The university describes itself as ...

Boulder, Colorado Boulder is a home rule city that is the county seat and most populous municipality of Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 108,250 at the 2020 United States census, making it the 12th most populous city in Color ...

Books

* Goguen, Joseph A., ''Algebraic Semantics of Imperative Programs'',

MIT Press The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States). It was established in 1962. History The MIT Press traces its origins back to 1926 when MIT publish ...

(1996). . * Goguen, Joseph A., and Malcolm, Grant, ''Software Engineering with OBJ'', Springer (2000). . * Kokichi Futatsugi et al., ''Algebra, Meaning, and Computation: Essays Dedicated to Joseph A. Goguen'', Springer (2006). .

Selected publications

* Goguen, J.A., "''L''-fuzzy sets", ''Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications'' 18 (1): 145–174 (1967). * Goguen, J.A., "The logic of inexact concepts", ''Synthese'' 19 (3/4): 325–373 (1969). * Goguen, J.A. and J.W. Thatcher. "Initial algebra semantics", in ''Proceedings, Fifteenth Symposium on Switching and Automata Theory'',

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operation ...

, pages 63–77 (1974). * Goguen, J.A., J. Thatcher, and E. Wagner. "An initial algebra approach to the specification, correctness and implementation of abstract data types", in ''Current Trends in Programming Methodology'', vol. IV: Data Structuring, Raymond T. Yeh (Ed.),

Prentice Hall Prentice Hall was an American major educational publisher owned by Savvas Learning Company. Prentice Hall publishes print and digital content for the 6–12 and higher-education market, and distributes its technical titles through the Safari B ...

, pp. 80–149 (1978). * Goguen, J.A., "A Categorical Manifesto", ''Mathematical Structures in Computer Science'' 1 (1): 49–67 (1991). * Goguen, J.A. (Ed.), ''Art and the Brain'', ''Journal of Consciousness Studies'' 6 (6/7) (1999).

References

External links

Home page

Publications
*
Algebra, Meaning, and Computation. A Festschrift in Honor of Joseph Goguen

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070619234802/http://cseclassic.ucsd.edu/~goguen/images/jgoguen.jpg Photograph {{DEFAULTSORT:Goguen, Joseph 1941 births 2006 deaths Harvard College alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni American computer scientists Formal methods people Fellows of St Anne's College, Oxford Academic journal editors University of California, Los Angeles faculty Academics of the University of Edinburgh Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford University of California, San Diego faculty Naropa University faculty IBM Fellows American Buddhists