Joris Jacob Clemens Voorhoeve (born 22 December 1945) is a retired

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

politician, diplomat of the

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie ; VVD) is a conservative-liberal Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49 political party in ...

(VVD) and political scientist. Voorhoeve studied

Political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...

at the

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a Public university, public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William the Silent, William, Prince o ...

obtaining a

Master of Social Science A Master of Social Science (MSocSc, MSSc or MSS) is a master's degree which has a number of different meanings dependent upon the education system in question. Europe In Finland and Sweden, where the university degree nomenclatura is simply bas ...

degree and simultaneously studied

Development economics Development economics is a branch of economics which deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development, economic growth and structural ...

and

Civil engineering Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage ...

at the

Wageningen University Wageningen University & Research (also known as Wageningen UR; abbreviation: WUR) is a public university in Wageningen, Netherlands, specializing in life sciences with a focus on agriculture, technical and engineering subjects. It is a globally ...

getting a

Bachelor of Economics The Bachelor of Economics (BEc or BEcon), or the "Bachelor of Applied Economics", is a bachelor's degree awarded by many universities and colleges for completion of an undergraduate program in economics, econometrics, or applied economics; the ...

degree and obtaining a

Master of Engineering A Master of Engineering (abbreviated MEng, M.E. or M.Eng.) is either an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering. International variations Australia In Australia, the Master of Engineering degree is a research deg ...

degree, followed by a

postgraduate education Postgraduate or graduate education refers to Academic degree, academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by higher education, post-secondary students who have earned an Undergraduate education, un ...

International relations International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such as ...

at the

Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) is a graduate school of Johns Hopkins University based in Washington, D.C., United States, with campuses in Bologna, Italy, and Nanjing, China. It is consistently ranked one of the ...

obtaining a

Master of Arts A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Tho ...

degree. Voorhoeve worked as a researcher at the

Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private university, private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hem ...

before finishing his

thesis A thesis ( : theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: ...

at his alma mater and graduated as a

Doctor of Philosophy A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common Academic degree, degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields ...

in Political science. Voorhoeve worked as a researcher at the

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...

in Washington, D.C. from April 1973 until January 1977 and for the

Scientific Council for Government Policy The Scientific Council for Government Policy (Dutch: Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid, WRR) is an independent think tank of the Government of the Netherlands based in The Hague, whose members include prominent social scientists, ec ...

from January 1977 until January 1979. Voorhoeve worked as a professor of International relations and Governmental studies at his alma mater in

Wageningen Wageningen () is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of in , of which many t ...

from January 1979 until September 1982. Voorhoeve also served as the director of the Telders Foundation from May 1979 until September 1982. After the election of 1982 Voorhoeve was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 16 September 1982 and served as a

frontbencher In many parliaments and other similar assemblies, seating is typically arranged in banks or rows, with each political party or caucus grouped together. The spokespeople for each group will often sit at the front of their group, and are then kno ...

and

spokesperson A spokesperson, spokesman, or spokeswoman, is someone engaged or elected to speak on behalf of others. Duties and function In the present media-sensitive world, many organizations are increasingly likely to employ professionals who have receiv ...

for

Foreign Affairs ''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and ...

. Shortly after the election of 1986

Party Leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party, either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political ...

and

Parliamentary leader A parliamentary leader is a political title or a descriptive term used in various countries to designate the person leading a parliamentary group or caucus in a legislative body, whether it be a national or sub-national legislature. They are the ...

Ed Nijpels Eduardus Hermannus Theresia Maria Nijpels (born 1 April 1950) is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and nonprofit director. Nijpels studied Civil law (common law), Civil law at the Utrecht University obtain ...

stepped down and Voorhoeve announced his candidacy to succeed him and was selected Parliamentary leader on 9 July 1986 and not long after that was anonymously selected as Party Leader on 15 December 1986. For the election of 1989 Voorhoeve served as ''

Lijsttrekker In politics, a lead candidate (; , ) is the leader of a political party in an election to a legislative body. In parliamentary systems, it is often the party's nominee for the position of head of government. In open list electoral systems, it is t ...

'' (top candidate) but not long thereafter announced that he was stepping down on 30 April 1990 but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher chairing the House Committee on Defence and spokesperson for

Development Cooperation Development aid is a type of foreign/international/overseas aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries. Closely-related concepts include: developm ...

and the

Environment Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, all living and non-living things occurring naturally * Biophysical environment, the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or ...

. In January 1991 Voorhoeve was nominated as the next executive director of the Clingendael Institute of International Relations and also worked as a professor of International relations and Governmental studies at the Clingendael Institute from January 1991 until August 1994. After the election of 1994 Voorhoeve was appointed as

Minister of Defence A defence minister or minister of defence is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from coun ...

and was given the portfolio of Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs in the Cabinet Kok I taking office on 22 August 1994. As minister of defence, he was responsible for the deployment of Dutch UN peacekeepers (

Dutchbat Dutchbat (formed from the words "Dutch Battalion", officially known in Dutch as ''1 (NL) VN Infanteriebataljon'') was a Dutch battalion under the command of the United Nations in operation United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). It was hastil ...

) during the period the

Srebrenica massacre The Srebrenica massacre ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Masakr u Srebrenici, Масакр у Сребреници), also known as the Srebrenica genocide ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Genocid u Srebrenici, Геноцид у Сребрен ...

happened. After the election of 1998 Voorhoeve wasn't offered a position in the new

cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filing ...

(which would later fall after a report of the

) and returned to the House of Representatives on 19 May 1998 serving again as frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations. In November 1999 Voorhoeve was nominated as a Member of the Council of State serving from 1 December 1999 until 1 January 2011, and worked as a distinguished professor of International relations and

War studies War studies, sometimes called polemology, is the multi-disciplinary study of war. It pertains to the military, diplomatic, philosophical, social, political, psychological or economic dimensions of human conflict. The word ''polemology'' derives ...

at the Royal Military Academy and the Royal Naval College from January 2001 until January 2011. Voorhoeve retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the

public sector The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military, law enforcement, infra ...

as a non-profit director and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government, and worked as a distinguished professor of

Peace and conflict studies Peace and conflict studies is a social science field that identifies and analyzes violent and nonviolent behaviours as well as the structural mechanisms attending conflicts (including social conflicts), with a view towards understanding those pro ...

, International relations and

Public administration Public Administration (a form of governance) or Public Policy and Administration (an academic discipline) is the implementation of public policy, administration of government establishment (public governance), management of non-profit establ ...

The Hague University The Hague University of Applied Sciences ( nl, De Haagse Hogeschool), abbreviated THUAS, is a university of applied sciences with its campuses located in and around The Hague in the Randstad metropolitan region in the west of the Netherlands. Th ...

and at his alma mater in

Leiden Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration wit ...

from January 2011 until March 2018. Following his retirement Voorhoeve continued to be active as an advocate and activist for the

Anti-war movement An anti-war movement (also ''antiwar'') is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term anti-war can also refer to ...

Human rights Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for ce ...

Poverty reduction Poverty reduction, poverty relief, or poverty alleviation, is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty. Measures, like those promoted by Henry George in his economics clas ...

and more

European integration European integration is the process of industrial, economic integration, economic, political, legal, social integration, social, and cultural Regional integration, integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integrat ...

and as of continues to comment on political affairs.

Early life

Voorhoeve attended the

Gymnasium Haganum The Gymnasium Haganum is one of the oldest public schools in the Netherlands, located in the city of The Hague. First mentioned in 1327, the school is currently housed in a monumental Renaissance Revival architecture building, built in 1907. It ...

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...

from April 1958 until May 1964. Afterwards, he enrolled at

The Hague University of Applied Sciences The Hague University of Applied Sciences ( nl, De Haagse Hogeschool), abbreviated THUAS, is a university of applied sciences with its campuses located in and around The Hague in the Randstad metropolitan region in the west of the Netherlands. Th ...

as an

undergraduate Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States, an entry-lev ...

from May 1964 until June 1968. Voorhoeve studied at

beginning in June 1968, majoring in

and obtaining a

Bachelor of Social Science The academic undergraduate degree of Bachelor of Social Science (BSS, B.Soc.Sc., or B.Soc.Sci.) requires three to four years of study in the social sciences at an institution of higher education, primarily found in the Commonwealth of Nations. I ...

degree in September 1969 before graduating with a

degree in July 1971. At the same time, he attended

from June 1968, majoring in

and

and eventually obtaining a

degree and a

Bachelor of Engineering A Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) or a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) is an academic undergraduate degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at an accredited college or university. In the UK, a Bache ...

degree in June 1970 before graduating with a

degree in July 1971. Voorhoeve later studied at the

of the

Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the List of municipalities in Maryland, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, and List of United States cities by popula ...

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

from July 1971 for a

while working as a student researcher before graduating with an

degree in August 1972. After graduating from Johns Hopkins, he received his

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

as a

in Political Science in November 1973. Voorhoeve worked as a political consultant for the

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

from April 1973 to January 1977 and soon after as a researcher for the

from January 1977 to January 1979. Voorhoeve taught as a professor of Governmental Studies and International Relations at the Wageningen University from 1 January 1979 to 16 September 1982. Voorhoeve also worked as the executive director of the Telders Foundation from 10 May 1979 to 16 September 1982.

Political career

House of Representatives (1982–1990)

Voorhoeve was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1982 and took office on 16 September 1982 serving as a

and

for the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...

. After the

Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy The Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is the most senior politician within the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) in the Netherlands. The post is currently held by Mar ...

announced he was stepping down after losing in the election of 1986, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy leadership approached Voorhoeve as a candidate to succeed him. Voorhoeve won against fellow frontbencher

Loek Hermans Louis Marie Lucien Henri Alphonse "Loek" Hermans (born 23 April 1951) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and businessman. Biography Hermans attended a Gymnasium in Kerkrade from April 1964 unti ...

and took office on 9 July 1986. In December 1986, the new Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and incumbent

Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, ...

Rudolf de Korte announced that he was stepping down as Leader in favor of Voorhoeve, who succeeded him on 15 December 1986. In the election of 1989, Voorhoeve was the ''

'' (top candidate). The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy suffered a loss, losing 5 seats and had 22 seats in the House of Representatives. On 30 April 1990, Voorhoeve announced he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader. Voorhoeve assumed responsibility for the party's defeat in the

election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

, but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher chairing the Parliamentary Committee for Defence.

Bureaucrat (1990–1998)

In December 1990, Voorhoeve was nominated as executive director of the Institute of International Relations Clingendael and he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives upon his appointment on 10 January 1991. Voorhoeve also served as a Distinguished Professor of Governmental studies and International relations at Leiden University from December 1990 until August 1994. After the election of 1994, Voorhoeve was appointed as the

and the Minister for Netherlands, Antilles, and Aruba Affairs in the Cabinet Kok I, taking office on 22 August 1994.

House of Representatives (1998–1999)

After the election of 1998, Voorhoeve returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and took office on 19 May 1998. Voorhoeve was not given a cabinet position in the cabinet formation of 1998, though he continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher and spokesperson for

Defence Defense or defence may refer to: Tactical, martial, and political acts or groups * Defense (military), forces primarily intended for warfare * Civil defense, the organizing of civilians to deal with emergencies or enemy attacks * Defense industr ...

and Kingdom Relations.

Council of State (1999–2011)

In December 1999, Voorhoeve resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives after being nominated as a Member of the Council of State, which he assumed from 1 December 1999 to 1 January 2011.

Post-political career

After retiring from politics, Voorhoeve became active in the

and occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on supervisory boards of companies such as

Oxfam Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. History Founded at 17 Broad Street, Oxford, as the Oxford Co ...

Trilateral Commission The Trilateral Commission is a nongovernmental international organization aimed at fostering closer cooperation between Japan, Western Europe and North America. It was founded in July 1973 principally by American banker and philanthropist David ...

, Organisation for Scientific Research, Carnegie Foundation, Rutgers Nisso Group,

Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict The Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) is a member-led network of civil society organisations (CSOs) active in the field of conflict prevention and peacebuilding across the world. The network is organised around 15 reg ...

, Institute for Multiparty Democracy, European Centre for Nature Conservation,

International Institute of Social History The International Institute of Social History (IISH/IISG) is one of the largest archives of labor and social history in the world. Located in Amsterdam, its one million volumes and 2,300 archival collections include the papers of major figur ...

, Institute of International Relations Clingendael and the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences. Voorhoeve also served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government such as the

, Advisory Commission for Asylum Affairs and the Advisory Council for Foreign Affairs as an advocate, lobbyist and activist for causes such as

human rights Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for ce ...

humanitarianism Humanitarianism is an active belief in the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans to reduce suffering and improve the conditions of humanity for moral, altruistic, and emotional ...

social justice Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. In Western and Asian cultures, the concept of social justice has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fu ...

poverty reduction Poverty reduction, poverty relief, or poverty alleviation, is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty. Measures, like those promoted by Henry George in his economics clas ...

democracy Democracy (From grc, δημοκρατία, dēmokratía, ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation (" direct democracy"), or to choose gov ...

, the

anti-war movement An anti-war movement (also ''antiwar'') is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term anti-war can also refer to ...

, the

anti-nuclear movement The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, nationa ...

, and

. Voorhoeve also served as a distinguished professor of Governmental Studies and International Relations at the Leiden University from 30 January 2000 to 30 December 2015, as a distinguished professor of International Relations and

War Studies War studies, sometimes called polemology, is the multi-disciplinary study of war. It pertains to the military, diplomatic, philosophical, social, political, psychological or economic dimensions of human conflict. The word ''polemology'' derives ...

at the Royal Military Academy and the Royal Naval College from 1 January 2001 to 1 January 2011, and as a distinguished professor of

Peace and Conflict Studies Peace and conflict studies is a social science field that identifies and analyzes violent and nonviolent behaviours as well as the structural mechanisms attending conflicts (including social conflicts), with a view towards understanding those pro ...

, International Relations and

at The Hague University of Applied Sciences from 14 January 2011 to 15 March 2018. Voorhoeve has also written more than a dozen books since 1979 about Politics, International relations, and Development Cooperation. Voorhoeve continues to comment on political affairs as of 2019 and holds the distinction as the last serving Minister for Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs.

Decorations

Personal life

Voorhoeve is married to the American Judith Jaffe whom he married in 1974 in Bethesda, Maryland. His son Alex Voorhoeve is a political philosopher at the

London School of Economics , mottoeng = To understand the causes of things , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £240.8 million (2021) , budget = £391.1 millio ...

and reviewed the dissertation of Saif Gaddafi, the son of Libya's former dictator

Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi, . Due to the lack of standardization of transcribing written and regionally pronounced Arabic, Gaddafi's name has been romanized in various ways. A 1986 column by ''The Straight Dope'' lists 32 spellin ...

References

External links

;Official *
Prof.Dr.Ir. J.J.C. (Joris) Voorhoeve
Parlement & Politiek {{DEFAULTSORT:Voorhoeve, Joris 1945 births Living people Dutch anti-poverty advocates Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Democrats 66 politicians Dutch academic administrators Dutch anti–nuclear weapons activists Dutch anti-war activists Dutch atheists Dutch democracy activists Dutch expatriates in the United States Dutch humanitarians Dutch human rights activists Dutch lobbyists Dutch magazine editors Dutch nonprofit directors Dutch nonprofit executives Dutch public administration scholars Dutch social justice activists Governmental studies academics Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau International relations scholars Johns Hopkins University alumni Academic staff of Koninklijke Militaire Academie Leaders of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Leiden University alumni Academic staff of Leiden University Members of the Council of State (Netherlands) Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands) Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Scientific Council for Government Policy Ministers of Defence of the Netherlands Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands Peace and conflict scholars People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians Politicians from The Hague People of the Bosnian War Political sociologists Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II Scholars of war Wageningen University and Research alumni Academic staff of Wageningen University and Research Writers about globalization Writers from The Hague 20th-century Dutch civil servants 20th-century Dutch diplomats 20th-century Dutch educators 20th-century Dutch male writers 20th-century Dutch politicians 21st-century Dutch educators 21st-century Dutch male writers 21st-century Dutch politicians The Hague University of Applied Sciences alumni The Hague University of Applied Sciences faculty