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Joinville () is the largest
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in Santa Catarina, in the Southern Region of
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
. It is the third largest municipality in the southern region of Brazil, after the much larger state capitals of
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná (state), Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the List of cities in Brazil by population, eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in ...
and
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, twelfth most populous city in the country ...
. Joinville is also a major industrial, financial and commerce center. The city has a very high human development index (0.809) among Brazilian municipalities, occupying the 21st national position. One study pointed to Joinville as the second best city to live in Brazil. Joinville holds the titles of "Brazilian Manchester", "City of Flowers", "City of the Princes", "City of Bicycles" and "City of Dance". It is known for hosting the Joinville Dance Festival (considered the largest dance festival in the world), as well as for having the only branch of the Bolshoi Ballet School outside
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
in the world. In 2020, the population of Joinville was estimated at 597,658 people, many of whom are of Portuguese, German, Swiss, Norwegian and Italian descent. The metropolitan area is home to 1,340,997 residents according to the 2010 census by IBGE, thus, the most populous metropolitan region of the state of Santa Catarina.(( Radar Sul )) História da Cidade de Joinville - Santa Catatina - SC - Brasil
Owing to urban development and relatively good infrastructure, Joinville has become a major center for events and business conferences. The city has one of the highest standards of living in Latin America.


History

The area surrounding Joinville had been inhabited by the
Guarani people Guarani, Guaraní or Guarany may refer to Ethnography * Guaraní people, an indigenous people from South America's interior (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia) * Guaraní language, or Paraguayan Guarani, an official language of Paraguay * ...
for approximately 7,000 years. Even though it is considered a
German-Brazilian German Brazilians (German language, German: ''Deutschbrasilianer'', Hunsrik: ''Deitschbrasiliooner'', pt, teuto-brasileiros) refers to Brazilians of full or partial Germans, German ancestry. German Brazilians live mostly in the country's South ...
city, its origins are French: the area of Joinville was the ''Colônia Dona Francisca'', designated as the dowry to be given to the future husband of
Princess Francisca of Brazil Dona Francisca (2 August 1824 – 27 March 1898) was a princess of the Empire of Brazil (as daughter of Emperor Dom Pedro I, who also reigned as King Dom Pedro IV of Portugal, and his wife Maria Leopoldina of Habsburg), who became Princess o ...
, sister of Emperor Pedro II. In 1843, Francisca married
François d'Orléans, Prince de Joinville François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, Kin ...
, son of
King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...
Louis-Philippe of France Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...
, making him the owner of the lands. In 1851, after the fall of the French monarchy, the French prince negotiated the use of part of his Brazilian lands with
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
Senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
Mathias Schröder, founder of the ''Colonization Society of Hamburg''. This society, made up of bankers, businessmen and merchants, attracted Northern European immigrants to travel to colonize Brazil and establish European communities there. In 1851, the first 118
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
and
Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...
immigrants arrived in the Brazilian Joinville, followed by 74 Norwegian immigrants. A Royal Palace was built in the city for the prince and princess of Joinville. From 1851 to 1888, the city of Joinville received 17,000 German immigrants.


Founding

The city of Joinville was founded by German, Norwegian, Swiss settlers on 9 March 1851. Immigrants from
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
made up a group of men with several professional qualifications, including carpenters, masons, bakers, agriculturalists, and even a veterinarian and physician. Many of the first Norwegian settlers became ill by dysentery, typhoid, and other illnesses. In the first letter home, dated to July 1851, the author explained that "only" four Norwegians were dead so far: Simon Hansen of Helgeland, Lars C. Steensem of
Ytterøy Ytterøy is a former municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. Originally, it was a large municipality that encompassed the island of Ytterøya and parts of the main ...
, Hans Petter Luttersen of Horten, and Martin Nordby of
Larvik Larvik () is a List of cities in Norway, town and Municipalities of Norway, municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark Counties of Norway, county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. The municipality ...
. Between 1851–1852, 41 Norwegians left Joinville and seven died. A monument was erected by Rio Cachoeira in the city centre in 2001, in honor of the Norwegian, Swiss, and German settlers.


Geography

Joinville is located in the northeast of the state of Santa Catarina, close to the Atlantic coast, and is crossed by the river
Cachoeira Cachoeira (Portuguese, meaning waterfall) is an inland municipality of Bahia, Brazil, on the Paraguaçu River. The town exports sugar, cotton, and tobacco and is a thriving commercial and industrial centre. The municipality contains 56% of the B ...
. It is not far from the border with the state of Paraná and its capital,
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná (state), Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the List of cities in Brazil by population, eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in ...
. The city is surrounded by the municipalities of
Garuva Garuva is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil. See also *List of municipalities in Santa Catarina This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), located in the South Region of ...
,
São Francisco do Sul São Francisco do Sul is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. It covers an area of 540 km² (208 miles2) and had an estimated population of 53,746 in 2020. Location It was founded as a village by the Portuguese in 1658. ...
,
Araquari Araquari is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil. The municipality of Araquari was basically colonized by Azorean immigrants, who arrived at the coast of Santa Catarina between 1748 and 1756, and since ...
, Guaramirim,
Schroeder __NOTOC__ Schroeder is a North German language, German (from Schröder) occupational name for a cloth cutter or tailor, from an agent derivative of Middle Low German , "to cut". The same term was occasionally used to denote a gristmiller as well as ...
,
Jaraguá do Sul Jaraguá do Sul () is a city in the north of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. History The city was founded on July 25, 1876, by engineer and Brazilian Army colonel Emílio Carlos Jourdan and his family. The city was originally named jus ...
and Campo Alegre (this one in the
microregion Microregion is a designation for territorial entities. Austria *Microregion (Tyrol) Brazil * Microregion (Brazil) Klaus Roth and Ulf Brunnbauer A microregion is a geographic region of a size between that of a community and that of a district.p. ...
of
São Bento do Sul São Bento do Sul is a municipality, pop. 85,421 (2020) located in southern Brazil, in the northeast part of the state of Santa Catarina, just south of the state of Paraná. Industry São Bento do Sul is considered to be an industrialized ci ...
). The city contains a port on Babitonga Bay (Baía da Babitonga), which leads to the Atlantic Ocean and provides an important route for exporting manufactured products. In 2006–07 there were public discussions about creating a Baía da Babitonga Wildlife Reserve to manage the mangroves, fishery and aquaculture in the bay. This was defeated by politicians and businesspeople who were concerned about the impact on planned projects including a port expansion.


Climate

Joinville has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(''Cfa'' in the
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
data). In some rare cases, Joinville gets hit by South Atlantic cyclones, the most notable being
Cyclone Catarina Hurricane Catarina, or Cyclone Catarina () was an extraordinarily rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone, the only recorded hurricane strength storm on record in the South Atlantic Ocean. Catarina made landfall on South Brazil at peak intensity, ...
in 2004. Although Joinville lies outside the tropic zone, because of its low altitude and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, it sees relatively little temperature variation throughout the year, with every month seeing average highs in the 20s C.


Neighbourhoods

* Adhemar Garcia * América *
Anita Garibaldi Anita Garibaldi (, ; 30 August 1821 – 4 August 1849), born Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro, was a Brazilian republican revolutionary. She was the wife and comrade-in-arms of Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi. Their partnership epitomized ...
* Atiradores * Aventureiro * Boa Vista * Boehmerwald * Bom Retiro * Bucarein *
Centro Centro may refer to: Places Brazil *Centro, Santa Maria, a neighborhood in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil * Centro, Porto Alegre, a neighborhood of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil *Centro (Duque de Caxias), a neighborhood of Duq ...
* Comasa *
Costa e Silva Artur da Costa e Silva (; 3 October 1899 – 17 December 1969) was a Brazilian Army Marshal and the second president of the Brazilian military government that came to power after the 1964 coup d'état. He reached the rank of Marshal of the ...
* Dona Francisca * Espinheiros * Fátima * Floresta * Glória * Guanabara * Iririú * Itaum * Itinga * Itoupava Açu * Jardim Iririú *
Jardim Paraíso Jardim (Portuguese for "garden") may refer to: People * Alberto João Jardim, Portuguese politician and President of the Autonomous Region of Madeira * José Jardim (born 1973), Curaçaoan politician * Leonardo Jardim (1974), Portuguese association ...
* Jardim Sophia * Jarivatuba * João Costa * Morro do Meio * Nova Brasília * Paranaguamirim * Parque Guarani *
Petrópolis Petrópolis (; ), also known as The Imperial City, is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region of Brazil. It is located in the state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, northeast of the ci ...
* Pirabeiraba-centro * Rio Bonito * Rio Velho * Saguaçu * Santa Catarina * Santo Antônio * São Marcos * Vila Cubatão * Vila Nova * Zona Industrial Norte *
Zona Industrial Tupy Zona Industrial Tupy is an industrial quarter located in the city of Joinville Joinville () is the largest city in Santa Catarina, in the Southern Region of Brazil. It is the third largest municipality in the southern region of Brazil, after t ...


Culture

Joinville is famous for its strong
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
-influenced culture. The city retains many aspects of German culture, in its architecture, in the local dishes, parties and in the way of life of its inhabitants. Joinville is the host city of the ''Festival de Dança de Joinville'' (Joinville Dance Festival) which is the world's largest dance event, held every year during the month of July. Joinville is the only city outside of
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
to have a school of the
Bolshoi Ballet The Bolshoi Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1776, the Bolshoi is among the world's oldest ballet companies. In the early 20th century, it came to internatio ...
, the renowned Russian Ballet Company. The city is home to a
Catholic bishop In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an Holy Orders, ordained Minister (Catholic Church), minister who holds the fullness of the Sacraments of the Catholic Church, sacrament of Holy orders in the Catholic Church, holy orders and is responsible ...
, several Lutheran churches (one of the largest communities in Brazil), a
Botanical Garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...
and a
Zoo A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to zoo ...
. Parks, and several beaches are less than an hour's drive away from the city. Joinville is also home to several museums including the "MUBI" bicycle museum. The Royal Palace, built in the mid-19th century, nowadays is a designated National Museum of Immigration History, specifically detailing the struggle and hardship German immigrants went through on their journey to Brazil in the 1800s. It has furniture and costumes dating back to the mid-19th century.


International Dance Festival

Every year since 1982, Joinville's Dance Festival gathers in the city thousands of professional dancers and viewers from all over the world. The festival always takes place in the second half of July. The 11 days of presentations attract around 50 thousand people to Centreventos Cau Hansen, making it one of the largest events of its kind in the world. Joinville's Dance Festival has even received a mention in the 2005 edition of the
Guinness Book of World Records ''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a reference book published annually, listing world ...
as the world's "largest dance festival". There are competitions in seven different categories, from
classical ballet Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique (such as pointe work, turnout of the legs, and high extensions), its ...
to folk dances. Squares, shopping centres and many companies take the opportunity to promote other events at the same time, such as courses and talks.


Industrial tourism

With a population of over half a million inhabitants and an economy based mainly on industry, Joinville has become the largest city in State of Santa Catarina.


Economy

Joinville's economy is based on industrial activities and commerce. The city is also the center to some of Brazil's largest software companies such as , Logocenter, Microvix and SoftExpert. Joinville is also home to numerous large corporations in Brazil such as Tupy, Tigre,
Embraco Embraco is a manufacturer of compressors for refrigeration systems, founded in 1971 in Brazil. Embraco produces hermetic compressors, condensing units and sealed units, for domestic and commercial use. Its headquarters and main factory is in Jo ...
, Döhler,
Whirlpool A whirlpool is a body of rotating water produced by opposing currents or a current running into an obstacle. Small whirlpools form when a bath or a sink is draining. More powerful ones formed in seas or oceans may be called maelstroms ( ). ''Vo ...
, Wetzel,
Busscar Busscar Ônibus S.A. was a Brazilian bus manufacturer that built coaches, trolleybuses, charter and tour buses, founded on 17 September 1946. The company was based in Joinville in the south of Brazil, where it had industrial premises that cover ...
, Ciser, Schulz S/A. The city has one of the highest standards of living in Brazil. Its industrial output is the third-largest in the Southern States of Brazil, after the large main cities of
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, twelfth most populous city in the country ...
and
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná (state), Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the List of cities in Brazil by population, eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in ...
. Joinville is also the third most populous city in the southern region of Brazil, after the neighboring state capitals of Curitiba and Porto Alegre.
General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...
opened a motors factory in Joinville in 2012. It plans to invest up to US$1 billion in the coming years in another plant next to its new plant and a full assembly line is in the works for the future. The neighboring town of
Araquari Araquari is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil. The municipality of Araquari was basically colonized by Azorean immigrants, who arrived at the coast of Santa Catarina between 1748 and 1756, and since ...
is home to a BMW car manufacturing plant; the headquarters of are in Joinville.


Demographics

European Brazilians compose most of the city's population, tracing their origins mostly from Southern and
Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...
. A minority of the population (7.32%) are
Black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
or
Pardo ''Pardos'' (feminine ''pardas'') is a term used in the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas to refer to the triracial descendants of Southern Europeans, Amerindians and West Africans. In some places they were defined as ne ...
( Brown-colored multiracials). ''Source:
IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( pt, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information ...
2000. ''


Religion

The first settlers were mainly
Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...
s but, nowadays, followers of this religion make up only 6.13% of the population. Today, most of the Protestants are of Pentecostal faith. The first congregation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil was organized in Joinville. The main religion, as in most of Brazil, is Roman Catholicism. ''Source:
IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( pt, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information ...
2000. ''


Education

Joinville is proud to have the best public education in Santa Catarina, recognized by the Ministry of Education. Schools, in general, have good infrastructure. The schooling rate (for people aged 6 to 14 years) was 97.3 in 2010. This placed the municipality in position 230 of 295 among the cities of the state and in position 3221 of 5570 among the cities of Brazil. English language, English and Spanish language, Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. As most of Joinville's inhabitants are of German ancestry, the German language is also taught in some schools.


Colleges and universities

State and Federal * UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina * IFSC - Federal Institute of Santa Catarina * UDESC - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Private * ACE - Associação Catarinense de Ensino * FCJ - Faculdade Cenecista de Joinville * CATÓLICA - * IELUSC - Instituto Superior e Centro Educacional Luterano Bom Jesus * IESVILLE - Instituto de Ensino Superior de Joinville * INESA - Instituto de Ensino Superior Santo Antônio * SENAI - Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial * SOCIESC - :pt:Sociedade Educacional de Santa Catarina, Sociedade Educacional de Santa Catarina (pt Wikipedia) * UNIVILLE - Universidade da Região de Joinville


Transportation


Domestic airport

Joinville-Lauro Carneiro de Loyola Airport (IATA code: JOI) is a minor airport in southern Brazil and serves only domestic flights. It is located from downtown.


Highways

The city is served by Harold Nielson Bus Station. It is run by ''Seinfra'' and has two floors and eighteen companies, with buses that make intercity and interstate journeys daily. Passenger traffic occurs twenty-four hours a day, with sale of tickets varying from company to company. Joinville is away from
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná (state), Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the List of cities in Brazil by population, eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in ...
on the BR-101, and from Florianópolis, the state capital.


Health

Joinville has specialized clinics mainly in surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics, dentistry, neurology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, urology, endocrinology, orthopedics, nephrology, among others. By 2011, the city had seven hospitals, 635 doctors' offices, 86 dental offices, 54 health posts, 146 pharmacies, 4 emergency rooms and 36 ambulances. Besides the seven hospitals, the city still has: Maternity Darci Vargas; Pro-Rim Institute, reference in the country; Sadalla Amin Ghanem Hospital of Eyes. The average infant mortality rate in the city is 7.57 for 1000 live births. The hospitalizations due to diarrhea are 0.2 for every 1,000 inhabitants. Compared to all municipalities in the state, it is in positions 155 of 295 and 235 of 295, respectively. When compared to cities throughout Brazil, these positions are 3759 of 5570 and 4284 of 5570, respectively.


Sport

The city also offers leisure options in sports: there is a golf course, Equestrianism, equestrian centre and a kart track. For outdoor activities lovers, there are places suitable for practicing any sport, from shooting (German tradition from the Middle Ages, kept until today) to adventure and nautical - the largest and best equipped Yacht Club in Santa Catarina State is in the municipality. The city also hosts famous teams of basketball, salon (Indoors) football and volleyball, all of them highly recognised in the national leagues. Sporting clubs *Joinville Esporte Clube (abbreviation: JEC). On 8 December 2013, Joinville made headlines in the sport world when the game between Clube Atlético Paranaense and CR Vasco da Gama, Vasco da Gama-RJ at Arena Joinville, the main football stadium in town was interrupted by violent fights between fans. The game was part of the last qualifying games of the Premier league "Serie A" in Brazil - Atlético Paranaense were fighting for a position in the Libertadores Cup and Vasco da Gama was fighting not to be relegated to the lower league "Serie B". Atlético Paranaense were hosting a game in Joinville after already being penalized for violence in its own arena in Curitiba, Paraná (120 km away from Joinville).


Notable people

* Eduardo Fischer, swimmer * Jovani Furlan, ballet dancer * Luma Grothe, fashion model * Maurício Gugelmin, former Formula One and ChampCar driver * Juarez Machado, artist * Ana Cláudia Michels, fashion model * Vitor Miranda, thaiboxer and martial artist * Márcia Narloch, gold medal winner in the women's marathon at the 2003 Pan American Games * Daniel Orzechowski, swimmer * Tiago Splitter, basketball player


References


External links


Official local government site
- {{Authority control Joinville, German-Brazilian culture Populated places established in 1851 1851 establishments in Brazil Municipalities in Santa Catarina (state)