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Joint All-Domain Command and Control or JADC2 is the concept that the
(29 August 2019) The Fraying Edge: Limits Of The Army's Global Network
/ref> These branches include the
About UsStew Magnuson (19 September 2019) Tim Ryan Mitchell Institutebr>(11 Jan 2023) To ensure JADC2, and to win in future conflicts, look to the transport layer in space
(17 Nov 2022) How the Pentagon knows when JADC2 innovations are working
by introducing benchmarks: "The benchmarks include data on how technologies speed or slow decision making, how many errors are introduced, the variance among available options and potential weak spots or pitfalls" —Jeffery Valenzia.
(6 Jul 2021) Pentagon cancels $10 billion JEDI cloud contract delayed by Microsoft, Amazon feud
in its place, multiple vendors for an interoperable, compatible network capability with multiple awards were envisioned, by 2022. This capability (Joint Warfighting Cloud Capability —JWCC) is to be for $9 billion spread among vendors, and is meant to be awarded by mid December 2022.Colin Demares
(7 Nov 2022) Pentagon closing in on $9B cloud contract award after scuttling JEDI
Pentagon network officials began to envision JWCC as a necessary layer for JADC2. In early December 2022 JWCC was awarded to Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Oracle.Jaspreet Gil
(7 Dec 2022) Pentagon awards Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Oracle $9B cloud contract
"JWCC is a multi-vendor, multi-cloud follow up to the infamous single-source Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) contract, which was worth up to $10 billion and canceled in 2021". Colin Demares
(7 Dec 2022) Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Oracle picked for $9B JEDI successor
Colin Demarest
(24 Aug 2022) Army IT leader pledges quicker cloud uptake in 'year of action'
Lt. Gen. John Morrison, deputy chief of staff, G-6. "The Army requested $16.6 billion in cyber and IT funding for fiscal 2023, which starts Oct. 1, or more than 9% of the service’s $178 billion budget blueprint"——Raj Iyer Army CIO
(27 Dec 2022) Pentagon, intelligence community eye cloud collaboration
(26 Oct 2022) Pentagon setting up office to speed JADC2 integration across military
David Deptulabr>(9 Dec 2022) MAKING JOINT ALL DEMAND COMMAND AND CONTROL A REALITY
By FY2023 other Electromagnetic Battle Management System (EBMS) services will be available in JADC2.Jaspreet Gil
(7 Nov 2022) Pentagon to award $9B JWCC cloud contract mid-December
DISA: by FY2023 Electromagnetic Battle Management System (EBMS) — °situational awareness ; °decision support ; °command and control ; and °training support Raytheon BBN demonstrated its Robust Information Provisioning Layer (RIPL)Zamone Perez and Colin Demares
(18 Nov 2022) Raytheon tests information-sharing technology with JADC2 in mind
which connects legacy links to ABMS. The US Army's
(9 Jun 2021) Army says 2025 tactical network will make JADC2 a reality
/ref> :''This material is split from
(13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-domain ops
"400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-domain operations.Gen. David G. Perkins, U.S. Arm
(Nov-Dec 2017) Multi-Domain Battle: The Advent of Twenty-First Century War
/ref>Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(7 March 2019) US ‘Gets Its Ass Handed To It’ In Wargames: Here's A $24 Billion Fix
Army prepositioned stocks (APS) vulnerabilityMatthew Co
/ref>Army Futures Comman
(28 February 2020) Joint All Domain Command and Control
AFC is the functional lead representing the Army in JADC2's development Multi-domain battalions, first stood up in 2019, Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion —Joe Lacda
(6/19/2019) Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense
*Jason Cutsha
(SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-domain operations
*Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(24 Jan 2019) Hack, Jam, Sense & Shoot: Army Creates 1st Multi-Domain Unit
an MDO BN for Targeting, I CorpsUS Arm
(4 Sep 2018) U.S. Army Pacific Commander Gen. Robert Brown: State of the Pacific
/ref> comprise a single unit for air, land,Jason Cutshaw (USASMDC
(8 August 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium
Integrated fires across domains space,Stephen Clar
(8 August 2019) Atlas 5 launch adds to U.S. military's secure communications satellite network
Air Force's fifth AEHF (
(10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
*Loren Thompso
(30 Jul 2019) Defense Against Hypersonic Attack Is Becoming The Biggest Military Challenge Of The Trump Era
/ref>John L. Dolan, Richard K. Gallagher & David L. Man
Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS) *Kris Osbor
(16 December 2019) Pentagon Advances New Technology to Destroy Hypersonic Missile Attacks
HBTSS will "establish a continuous 'track' on approaching hypersonic missiles" *Melanie Marlow
(8 April 2020) Three obstacles are slowing space sensors for hypersonic threats
Continuous tracking is needed to maintain custody of a hypersonic threat before its disposition. *David Brenna
(27 Jan 2021) Pentagon Orders Hypersonic Missile Trackers Amid Russia, China Arms Race
HBTSS awards to L3Harris; Northrop GrummanPaul McLear
(18 December 2019) MDA Kickstarts New Way To Kill Hypersonic Missiles
MDA's Hypersonic Defense Weapon System - 4 Interceptors—and cyberKathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affair
(26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization
Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.mil Mezher, Chyrine domains.Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops
3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris. *Theresa Hitchen
(12 October 2020) SMDC Pushes For New PNT, Tracking Sat Payloads
In addition to the 3 LEO satellite programs mentioned above, SMDC's technical center is working on project TITAN (Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node), a "common, mobile ground station" for the Army's tactical needs. A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion,Sean Kimmons, Army News Service Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body
"The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"
DoD (20 March 2020) Department of Defense tests hypersonic glide body
"The C-HGB – when fully fielded – will comprise the weapon's conventional warhead, guidance system, cabling, and thermal protection shield." Also: comments from LTG L. Neill Thurgood RCCTO possibly denoted a ''strategic fires'' battalionJen Judso
(14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle
2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype (however I2CEWS support would likely be needed), depending on the theater. In 2019, as part of a series of globally integrated exercises, these capabilities were analyzed.TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028
"describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future.
Link moved here
/ref>Claire Heininge
(9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-domain battle
/ref>Mark Pomerlea
(11 April 2018) In the move to multi-domain operations, what gets lost?
The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs Using massive simulationDan Gour
Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability the need for a §new kind of command and control (now denoted ''JADC2'') to integrate this firepower was explored.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit
prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW) *Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, U.S. Army RCCT
(30 August 2019) Army awards hypersonic weapon system contracts
/ref> **The ability to punch-through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking.Kerensa Cru
StandoffYasmin Tadjde
(10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies’ Standoff Capabilities
Summary of standoffArmy.mil For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satelliteTheresa Hitchen
(2 December 2019) Hey SDA, AFRL Boosts Space-Based Internet Tests
/ref> capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley.Joseph Lacdan, Army News Servic
(21 October 2019) AFC deputy: Combined capabilities make military might more lethal
/ref>Sydney J. Freedberg Jr.
(November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI
Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide fro
TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018)
*In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:
# Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
# Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
# Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
# Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to
(16 July 2020) Army Says Long Range Missiles Will Help Air Force, Not Compete
/ref> by firing a munition with a thousand-mile range at an adversary, LRPF would force an adversary to respond, which exposes the locations of its countermeasures, and might even expose the location of an adversary force's headquarters. In that situation an adversary's headquarters would not survive for long, and the adversary's forces would be subject to
(25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021
PrSM, AFATDS to F-35 *** MDO (''multi-domain operations'') and JADC2 (''joint all-domain command and control'') thus entails: ***# Penetrate phase: satellites detect enemy shooters ***# Dis-integrate phase: airborne assets remove enemy long range fires ***# Kinetic effect phase: Army shooters, using targeting data from aircraft and other sensors, fire on enemy targets.Patrick Tucke
(24 Sep 2020) Inside the Army's Fearless, Messy, Networked Warfare Experiment
Murray: Army software factory will start contributing. *** Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville will discuss the combination of MDO and JADC2 with Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown. In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2). **** The ability of the joint services to send data from machine to machine was exercised in front of several of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 2021; this is a prerequisite capability for Convergence of MDO and JADC2.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(20 Apr 2021) New Army Lab Tests Joint Tech: Project Convergence
Joint Systems Integration Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving GroundJoseph Lacda
(17 Apr 2021) Service leaders prioritize integration in joint effort to achieve overmatch
JSIL, Aberdeen: Preparation of data fabric for Project Convergence, ABMS JADC2, and Project Overmatch: Army - Air Force - NavyColin Demarest
(23 Sep 2022) Siemens, 29 others added to Air Force’s $950 million JADC2 contract
* In July 2022 the 7th ASA(ALT) Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2.Jaspreet Gil
(11 Jul 2022) Army acquisition exec pushes for joint JADC2 office, large-scale exercise
This would coordinate,Colin Demares
(11 Jul 2022) Pentagon’s secret JADC2 plan 'evolving', official says, as lawmakers seek audit
"The oversight will inform future support and is not meant to be punitive". and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army’s Project Convergence, the Navy’s Project Overmatch and the Air Force’s Advanced Battle Management System.Valerie Insinn
(17 Jul 2022) Air Force’s sixth-gen fighter downselect ‘not all that far away,’ says Kendall
Air Force's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) will have a private company as prime contractor, but the US government will probably be the prime contractor for integrating efforts involving collaborative combat aircraft (drones), NGAD, and
(20 Oct 2022) JADC2 spending is sprawling. DoD should keep watch, but Let It Go.
Planning, Programming, Budgeting & Execution Process (PPBE) ~ $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion in FY2023 for 30 initiatives in JADC2. Colin Demarest
(21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say
Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed". ''See CDAO''
Department of Defense Department of Defence or Department of Defense may refer to:
Current departments of defence
* Department of Defence (Australia)
* Department of National Defence (Canada)
* Department of Defence (Ireland)
* Department of National Defense (Philipp ...
has developed to connect sensors from all branches of the armed forces into a § unified network powered by artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech r ...
. Sydney J. Freedberg Jr(29 August 2019) The Fraying Edge: Limits Of The Army's Global Network
/ref> These branches include the
Air Force
An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an ...
, Army
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
, Marine Corps
Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refl ...
, and Navy
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It in ...
, as well as Space Force
A space force is a military branch of a nation's armed forces that conducts military operations in outer space and space warfare. The world's first space force was the Russian Space Forces, established in 1992 as an independent military service. ...
.
Each military branch has its initiative that contributes to JADC2; the Army has ''Project Convergence'', the Navy has ''Project Overmatch'', and the Air Force has the ''Advanced Battle Management System'', also known as ''ABMS''. The Space Force has the Space Development Agency
The Space Development Agency (SDA) began as a directorate of the United States Department of Defense's office of the under secretary of defense for research and engineering ( OUSD (R&E)) which supports space development in the interests of U.S. ...
's ''National Defense Space Architecture'' ( NDSA).(2022) National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA) Systems, Technologies, and Emerging Capabilities (STEC)About UsStew Magnuson (19 September 2019) Tim Ryan Mitchell Institutebr>(11 Jan 2023) To ensure JADC2, and to win in future conflicts, look to the transport layer in space
Ground Moving Target Identification
Moving target indication (MTI) is a mode of operation of a radar to discriminate a target against the clutter. It describes a variety of techniques used for finding moving objects, like an aircraft, and filter out unmoving ones, like hills or trees ...
(GMTI) and Air Moving Target Identification (AMTI)
Experimentation
The DoD has held at least two critical JADC2 exercises. The first one, which took place inFlorida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
in December 2019, centered on a simulated threat posed by cruise missiles. This was the very first demonstration of ABMS, which took place during the exercise. Air Force and Navy aircraft (including F-22
The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). As the result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the ...
and F-35
The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is an American family of single-seat, single-engine, all-weather stealth multirole combat aircraft that is intended to perform both air superiority and strike missions. It is also able to provide elect ...
fighter jets), a Navy destroyer, an Army Sentinel radar system, a mobile artillery system, as well as commercial space and ground sensors demonstrated their ability to collect, analyze, and share data in real-time to provide a more comprehensive picture of the operating environment. ''For more information, see JADC2 at the Army's Project Convergence experiments''
In July 2020, the Department of Defense carried out a second test of the JADC2 system. In the course of this exercise, planes from the Air Force communicated with naval vessels that were stationed in the Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...
. Additionally, special operations personnel from eight other NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
nations and a simulated environment collaborated to deter a possible attack from Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
.
In November 2022 ABMS experiments showed how JADC2 is really § combined arms. —Brig. Gen. Jeffery Valenzia (USAF CFT lead for JADC2) Colin Demares(17 Nov 2022) How the Pentagon knows when JADC2 innovations are working
by introducing benchmarks: "The benchmarks include data on how technologies speed or slow decision making, how many errors are introduced, the variance among available options and potential weak spots or pitfalls" —Jeffery Valenzia.
Infrastructure
In 2017 a joint network (Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure —JEDI
Jedi (), Jedi Knights, or collectively the Jedi Order are the main heroic protagonists of many works of the '' Star Wars'' franchise. Working symbiotically alongside the Old Galactic Republic, and later supporting the Rebel Alliance, the Jedi ...
) was proposed for DoD, with a single award meant for a single vendor for $10 billion. A competitive bidding was held, and an award was made, but was protested by a competitor. In 2021 the award was cancelled;Andrew Eversde(6 Jul 2021) Pentagon cancels $10 billion JEDI cloud contract delayed by Microsoft, Amazon feud
in its place, multiple vendors for an interoperable, compatible network capability with multiple awards were envisioned, by 2022. This capability (Joint Warfighting Cloud Capability —JWCC) is to be for $9 billion spread among vendors, and is meant to be awarded by mid December 2022.Colin Demares
(7 Nov 2022) Pentagon closing in on $9B cloud contract award after scuttling JEDI
Pentagon network officials began to envision JWCC as a necessary layer for JADC2. In early December 2022 JWCC was awarded to Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Oracle.Jaspreet Gil
(7 Dec 2022) Pentagon awards Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Oracle $9B cloud contract
"JWCC is a multi-vendor, multi-cloud follow up to the infamous single-source Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) contract, which was worth up to $10 billion and canceled in 2021". Colin Demares
(7 Dec 2022) Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Oracle picked for $9B JEDI successor
Colin Demarest
(24 Aug 2022) Army IT leader pledges quicker cloud uptake in 'year of action'
Lt. Gen. John Morrison, deputy chief of staff, G-6. "The Army requested $16.6 billion in cyber and IT funding for fiscal 2023, which starts Oct. 1, or more than 9% of the service’s $178 billion budget blueprint"——Raj Iyer Army CIO
DISA
Disa is the heroine of a Swedish legendary saga, which was documented by Olaus Magnus, in 1555. It is believed to be from the Middle Ages, but includes Old Norse themes.
It was elaborated by Johannes Messenius in his drama ''Disa'', which was t ...
(Defense Information Systems Agency) was embarking on upgrading its JWICS (Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System) which is top-secret; DISA was using the same vendors as for JWCC, but also including IBM. Combining the JWICS with JWCC, economies of scale allowed a cooperative project of DISA's JWICS with DoD's JWCC.Courtney Albo(27 Dec 2022) Pentagon, intelligence community eye cloud collaboration
JADC2 Services
Decision superiority is an objective of CDAO. Colin Demares(26 Oct 2022) Pentagon setting up office to speed JADC2 integration across military
David Deptulabr>(9 Dec 2022) MAKING JOINT ALL DEMAND COMMAND AND CONTROL A REALITY
By FY2023 other Electromagnetic Battle Management System (EBMS) services will be available in JADC2.Jaspreet Gil
(7 Nov 2022) Pentagon to award $9B JWCC cloud contract mid-December
DISA: by FY2023 Electromagnetic Battle Management System (EBMS) — °situational awareness ; °decision support ; °command and control ; and °training support Raytheon BBN demonstrated its Robust Information Provisioning Layer (RIPL)Zamone Perez and Colin Demares
(18 Nov 2022) Raytheon tests information-sharing technology with JADC2 in mind
which connects legacy links to ABMS. The US Army's
Integrated Tactical Network :''This material was split from Army Futures Command''
The US Army's Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"—PEO C3T.PEO C3(2018) Integrated Tactical Network"is not a new or separate network but ...
(ITN) will support JADC2 as a future capability. Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '25 will implement JADC2, according to the acting head of the Network CFT.Andrew Eversde(9 Jun 2021) Army says 2025 tactical network will make JADC2 a reality
/ref> :''This material is split from
Army Futures Command
The United States Army Futures Command (AFC) is a United States Army command, designed as a public-private initiative, that runs modernization projects for the Army. It is headquartered in Austin, Texas, and was first commanded by General John M ...
''
;Multi-Domain Operations (MDO); Joint warfighting concept (JADC2)
* Multi-Domain Operations (MDO):Anthony Small Todd Sout(13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-domain ops
"400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-domain operations.Gen. David G. Perkins, U.S. Arm
(Nov-Dec 2017) Multi-Domain Battle: The Advent of Twenty-First Century War
/ref>Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(7 March 2019) US ‘Gets Its Ass Handed To It’ In Wargames: Here's A $24 Billion Fix
Army prepositioned stocks (APS) vulnerabilityMatthew Co
/ref>Army Futures Comman
(28 February 2020) Joint All Domain Command and Control
AFC is the functional lead representing the Army in JADC2's development Multi-domain battalions, first stood up in 2019, Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion —Joe Lacda
(6/19/2019) Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense
*Jason Cutsha
(SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-domain operations
*Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(24 Jan 2019) Hack, Jam, Sense & Shoot: Army Creates 1st Multi-Domain Unit
an MDO BN for Targeting, I CorpsUS Arm
(4 Sep 2018) U.S. Army Pacific Commander Gen. Robert Brown: State of the Pacific
/ref> comprise a single unit for air, land,Jason Cutshaw (USASMDC
(8 August 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium
Integrated fires across domains space,Stephen Clar
(8 August 2019) Atlas 5 launch adds to U.S. military's secure communications satellite network
Air Force's fifth AEHF (
Advanced Extremely High Frequency
Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) is a constellation of communications satellites operated by the United States Space Force. They are used to relay secure communications for the United States Armed Forces, the British Armed Forces, the C ...
) communications satelliteOffice of the Chief of Public Affair(10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
*Loren Thompso
(30 Jul 2019) Defense Against Hypersonic Attack Is Becoming The Biggest Military Challenge Of The Trump Era
/ref>John L. Dolan, Richard K. Gallagher & David L. Man
Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS) *Kris Osbor
(16 December 2019) Pentagon Advances New Technology to Destroy Hypersonic Missile Attacks
HBTSS will "establish a continuous 'track' on approaching hypersonic missiles" *Melanie Marlow
(8 April 2020) Three obstacles are slowing space sensors for hypersonic threats
Continuous tracking is needed to maintain custody of a hypersonic threat before its disposition. *David Brenna
(27 Jan 2021) Pentagon Orders Hypersonic Missile Trackers Amid Russia, China Arms Race
HBTSS awards to L3Harris; Northrop GrummanPaul McLear
(18 December 2019) MDA Kickstarts New Way To Kill Hypersonic Missiles
MDA's Hypersonic Defense Weapon System - 4 Interceptors—and cyberKathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affair
(26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization
Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.mil Mezher, Chyrine domains.Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops
3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris. *Theresa Hitchen
(12 October 2020) SMDC Pushes For New PNT, Tracking Sat Payloads
In addition to the 3 LEO satellite programs mentioned above, SMDC's technical center is working on project TITAN (Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node), a "common, mobile ground station" for the Army's tactical needs. A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion,Sean Kimmons, Army News Service Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body
"The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"
DoD (20 March 2020) Department of Defense tests hypersonic glide body
"The C-HGB – when fully fielded – will comprise the weapon's conventional warhead, guidance system, cabling, and thermal protection shield." Also: comments from LTG L. Neill Thurgood RCCTO possibly denoted a ''strategic fires'' battalionJen Judso
(14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle
2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype (however I2CEWS support would likely be needed), depending on the theater. In 2019, as part of a series of globally integrated exercises, these capabilities were analyzed.TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028
"describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future.
Link moved here
/ref>Claire Heininge
(9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-domain battle
/ref>Mark Pomerlea
(11 April 2018) In the move to multi-domain operations, what gets lost?
The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs Using massive simulationDan Gour
Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability the need for a §new kind of command and control (now denoted ''JADC2'') to integrate this firepower was explored.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit
prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW) *Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, U.S. Army RCCT
(30 August 2019) Army awards hypersonic weapon system contracts
/ref> **The ability to punch-through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking.Kerensa Cru
StandoffYasmin Tadjde
(10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies’ Standoff Capabilities
Summary of standoffArmy.mil For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satelliteTheresa Hitchen
(2 December 2019) Hey SDA, AFRL Boosts Space-Based Internet Tests
/ref> capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley.Joseph Lacdan, Army News Servic
(21 October 2019) AFC deputy: Combined capabilities make military might more lethal
/ref>Sydney J. Freedberg Jr.
(November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI
Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide fro
TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018)
*In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:
# Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
# Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
# Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
# Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail
Defeat in detail, or divide and conquer, is a military tactic of bringing a large portion of one's own force to bear on small enemy units in sequence, rather than engaging the bulk of the enemy force all at once. This exposes one's own units to ...
, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
# Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.) Critical decisions to meet this goal will be decided by data from the results of the Army's ongoing tests of the prototypes under development.
**For example, in Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF), the director of the LRPF CFT envisions one application as an anti-access/area denial
Anti-Access/Area Denial (or A2/AD) is a military strategy to control access to and within an operating environment. In an early definition, anti-access refers to those actions and capabilities, usually long-range, designed to prevent an opposing ...
(A2AD) probe; this spares resources from the other services;Sydney J. Freedberg Jr(16 July 2020) Army Says Long Range Missiles Will Help Air Force, Not Compete
/ref> by firing a munition with a thousand-mile range at an adversary, LRPF would force an adversary to respond, which exposes the locations of its countermeasures, and might even expose the location of an adversary force's headquarters. In that situation an adversary's headquarters would not survive for long, and the adversary's forces would be subject to
defeat in detail
Defeat in detail, or divide and conquer, is a military tactic of bringing a large portion of one's own force to bear on small enemy units in sequence, rather than engaging the bulk of the enemy force all at once. This exposes one's own units to ...
. But LRPF is only one part of the strategy of overmatch by a Combatant commander.
**In August–September 2020. at Yuma Proving Ground
Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) is a United States Army series of environmentally specific test centers with its Yuma Test Center being one of the largest military installations in the world. It is subordinate to the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation ...
, the US Army engaged in a five-week exercise to rapidly merge capabilities in multiple-domains. The exercise prototyped a ground tactical Network, pushing it to its limits of robustness (as of 2020, 36 miles on the ground, and demonstrated 1500-mile capability above the ground, with kill chain
The term kill chain is a military concept which identifies the structure of an attack. It consists of:
* identification of target
* dispatching of forces to target
* initiation of attack on target
* destruction of target
Conversely, the idea o ...
s measured in seconds) in the effort to penetrate anti-access/area denial (A2AD) with long-range fires. Longer-range fires are under development, ranging from hundreds of miles to over 1000 miles, with yearly iterations of Project Convergence being planned..Sydney J. Freedberg Jr(25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021
PrSM, AFATDS to F-35 *** MDO (''multi-domain operations'') and JADC2 (''joint all-domain command and control'') thus entails: ***# Penetrate phase: satellites detect enemy shooters ***# Dis-integrate phase: airborne assets remove enemy long range fires ***# Kinetic effect phase: Army shooters, using targeting data from aircraft and other sensors, fire on enemy targets.Patrick Tucke
(24 Sep 2020) Inside the Army's Fearless, Messy, Networked Warfare Experiment
Murray: Army software factory will start contributing. *** Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville will discuss the combination of MDO and JADC2 with Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown. In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2). **** The ability of the joint services to send data from machine to machine was exercised in front of several of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 2021; this is a prerequisite capability for Convergence of MDO and JADC2.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr
(20 Apr 2021) New Army Lab Tests Joint Tech: Project Convergence
Joint Systems Integration Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving GroundJoseph Lacda
(17 Apr 2021) Service leaders prioritize integration in joint effort to achieve overmatch
JSIL, Aberdeen: Preparation of data fabric for Project Convergence, ABMS JADC2, and Project Overmatch: Army - Air Force - NavyColin Demarest
(23 Sep 2022) Siemens, 29 others added to Air Force’s $950 million JADC2 contract
* In July 2022 the 7th ASA(ALT) Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2.Jaspreet Gil
(11 Jul 2022) Army acquisition exec pushes for joint JADC2 office, large-scale exercise
This would coordinate,Colin Demares
(11 Jul 2022) Pentagon’s secret JADC2 plan 'evolving', official says, as lawmakers seek audit
"The oversight will inform future support and is not meant to be punitive". and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army’s Project Convergence, the Navy’s Project Overmatch and the Air Force’s Advanced Battle Management System.Valerie Insinn
(17 Jul 2022) Air Force’s sixth-gen fighter downselect ‘not all that far away,’ says Kendall
Air Force's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) will have a private company as prime contractor, but the US government will probably be the prime contractor for integrating efforts involving collaborative combat aircraft (drones), NGAD, and
AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile
The AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile (JATM) is an American beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) under development by Lockheed Martin. Designed to address advanced threats, the missile is expected to replace or supplement the A ...
. —USAF Secretary Frank KendallTravis Sharp, CSBA(20 Oct 2022) JADC2 spending is sprawling. DoD should keep watch, but Let It Go.
Planning, Programming, Budgeting & Execution Process (PPBE) ~ $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion in FY2023 for 30 initiatives in JADC2. Colin Demarest
(21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say
Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed". ''See CDAO''
Notes and References
{{Congressional Research Service, article = Joint All-Domain Command and Control: Background and Issues for Congress , url = https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46725/2, author = John R. Hoehn, accessdate=2022-07-06 Military strategy Military technology