Sir John William Salmond (3 December 1862 – 19 September 1924) was a legal scholar, public servant and judge in New Zealand.
Biography
Salmond was born in
North Shields
North Shields () is a town in the Borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is north-east of Newcastle upon Tyne and borders nearby Wallsend and Tynemouth.
Since 1974, it has been in the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wea ...
,
Northumberland
Northumberland () is a county in Northern England, one of two counties in England which border with Scotland. Notable landmarks in the county include Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle, Hadrian's Wall and Hexham Abbey.
It is bordered by land on ...
, England, the eldest son of
William Salmond (died 1917), a Presbyterian minister and professor.
His family emigrated to
Dunedin
Dunedin ( ; mi, ÅŒtepoti) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from , the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Th ...
, New Zealand, in 1876 where he attended
Otago Boys' High School
, motto_translation = "The ‘right’ learning builds a heart of oak"
, type = State secondary, day and boarding
, established = ; years ago
, streetaddress= 2 Arthur Street
, region = Dunedin
, state = Otago
, zipcod ...
(1876–79). Salmond graduated from the
University of Otago
, image_name = University of Otago Registry Building2.jpg
, image_size =
, caption = University clock tower
, motto = la, Sapere aude
, mottoeng = Dare to be wise
, established = 1869; 152 years ago
, type = Public research collegiate u ...
in 1882 with a
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years ...
degree and later a
Master of Arts
A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Tho ...
. He then obtained a
Gilchrist scholarship to study at
University College, London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £143 million (2020)
, budget = Â ...
, where he graduated in law and became a fellow.
Returning to New Zealand in 1887, he was admitted as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court, and practised in
Temuka
Temuka is a town on New Zealand's Canterbury Plains, 15 kilometres north of Timaru and 142 km south of Christchurch. It is located at the centre of a rich sheep and dairy farming region, for which it is a service town. It lies on the north ...
in South Canterbury. In 1897 he was appointed professor of law at the
University of Adelaide
The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on N ...
, South Australia, and in 1906 he returned to New Zealand to take up the founding chair in law at
Victoria University College
Victoria University of Wellington ( mi, Te Herenga Waka) is a university in Wellington, New Zealand. It was established in 1897 by Act of Parliament, and was a constituent college of the University of New Zealand.
The university is well know ...
,
Wellington
Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by me ...
. In 1907 Salmond was appointed as Counsel to the Law Drafting Office where he remained for four years, until his appointment in 1911 as
Solicitor-General. He was made a
King's Counsel
In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries, a King's Counsel ( post-nominal initials KC) during the reign of a king, or Queen's Counsel (post-nominal initials QC) during the reign of a queen, is a lawyer (usually a barrister or ...
in 1912, knighted in 1918, and appointed a judge of the
Supreme Court of New Zealand (now known as the High Court) in 1920.
Salmond represented New Zealand at the
Washington Naval Conference
The Washington Naval Conference was a disarmament conference called by the United States and held in Washington, DC from November 12, 1921 to February 6, 1922. It was conducted outside the auspices of the League of Nations. It was attended by nine ...
from November 1921 to February 1922. Upon his return to New Zealand he resumed his judicial duties but died, following a heart attack, in Wellington, and was buried in
Karori Cemetery
Karori Cemetery is New Zealand's second largest cemetery, located in the Wellington suburb of Karori.
History
Karori Cemetery opened in 1891 to address overcrowding at Bolton Street Cemetery.
In 1909, it received New Zealand's first crema ...
.
Salmond married Anne Bryham Guthrie (1861–1941), daughter of James Guthrie of
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne ( RP: , ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is ...
, England, in 1891 in Dunedin. They had two sons and a daughter, of whom the eldest, Captain William Guthrie Salmond, was killed in action in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
in July 1918.
Publications
He was the author of several legal texts:
*''Jurisprudence or the Theory of the Law'' (1902) (for which Salmond was awarded the
Swiney Prize in 1914 by the
Royal Society of Arts
The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), also known as the Royal Society of Arts, is a London-based organisation committed to finding practical solutions to social challenges. The RSA acronym is used m ...
)
*''The Law of Torts'' (1907) (for which Harvard University in 1911 awarded Salmond the
James Barr Ames
James Barr Ames (June 22, 1846 – January 8, 1910) was an American law educator, who popularized the "case-study" method of teaching law.
Biography
Ames was born in Boston, Massachusetts on June 22, 1846; son of Samuel T. and Mary H. (Barr) Am ...
Prize for the best legal treatise published in the world over a period of five years)
*''Principles of the Law of Contracts'' (1927) with P. H. Winfield.
Two of these in particular, ''Salmond on Jurisprudence'' and ''Salmond on Torts'', are regarded as legal classics.
Legacy
The Law Library at the
University of Adelaide Law School
Adelaide Law School is a law school in Adelaide, Australia and is part of the University of Adelaide. It is the second oldest law school in Australia having been founded in 1883 and offers undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications.
There ...
is named in his honor.
The function room at the
Victoria University of Wellington Law School in the
Old Government Buildings, Wellington
The Government Buildings Historic Reserve, or more commonly referred to as the Old Government Buildings, is situated on Lambton Quay in Wellington. It was completed in 1876, and until 1998 was the second-largest wooden building in the world (aft ...
is called the Salmond Room, and contains a selection of Salmond-related memorabilia.
Notes
References
*Diane Langmore, 'Salmond, Sir John William (1862–1924)',
Australian Dictionary of Biography
The ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'' (ADB or AuDB) is a national co-operative enterprise founded and maintained by the Australian National University (ANU) to produce authoritative biographical articles on eminent people in Australia's ...
, Volume 11,
Melbourne University Press
Melbourne University Publishing (MUP) is the book publishing arm of the University of Melbourne.
History
MUP was founded in 1922 as Melbourne University Press to sell text books and stationery to students, and soon began publishing books itself. ...
, 1988, pp. 512–513.
*J. J. Pascoe (ed), History of Adelaide and Vicinity (Adel, 1901).
*McLintock, A. H. (ed.), An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, vol 3, R. E. Owen, Government Printer, (Wellington, 1966).
*A. Castles et al. (eds), Law on North Terrace (Adel, 1983).
*Honorary Magistrate, Jan 1966; Observer (Adelaide), 29 May 1897.
*Times (London), 22 February 1924.
*letter to W. R. Phillips 9 August 1904, S. J. Way letter book (State Library of South Australia)
*Alex Frame, ''Salmond: Southern Jurist'' (Victoria University Press, Wellington, 1995)
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salmond, John
1862 births
1924 deaths
High Court of New Zealand judges
University of Otago alumni
Alumni of University College London
New Zealand King's Counsel
Solicitors-General of New Zealand
People from North Shields
English emigrants to New Zealand
People educated at Otago Boys' High School
19th-century New Zealand lawyers
University of Adelaide faculty
Victoria University of Wellington faculty
New Zealand Knights Bachelor
Burials at Karori Cemetery
20th-century New Zealand judges
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...