![1stLordPentland](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/1stLordPentland.jpg)
John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland, (7 July 1860 – 11 January 1925) was a
Scottish Liberal Party
The Scottish Liberal Party, the section of the Liberal Party in Scotland, was the dominant political party of Victorian Scotland, and although its importance declined with the rise of the Labour and Unionist parties during the 20th century, it w ...
politician, soldier, peer, administrator and Privy Councillor who served as the Secretary of Scotland from 1905 to 1912 and the
Governor of Madras
This is a list of the governors, agents, and presidents of colonial Madras, initially of the English East India Company, up to the end of British colonial rule in 1947.
English Agents
In 1639, the grant of Madras to the English was finalized be ...
from 1912 to 1919.
Baron Pentland was born John Sinclair to George Sinclair (1826-1871) son of Sir John Sinclair, 6th baronet of
Dunbeath
Dunbeath ( gd, Dùn Bheithe) is a village in south-east Caithness, Scotland on the A9 road. It sits astride the Dunbeath Water just before it enters the sea at Dunbeath Bay.
Dunbeath has a very rich archaeological landscape, the site of numero ...
. He studied in the United Kingdom and in 1892, entered the
House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...
as an elected
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
(MP) for
Dunbartonshire
Dunbartonshire ( gd, Siorrachd Dhùn Breatann) or the County of Dumbarton is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the west central Lowlands of Scotland lying to the north of the River Clyde. Dunbartonshire borders P ...
. He was elected for a second term from
Forfar
Forfar ( sco, Farfar, gd, Baile Fharfair) is the county town of Angus, Scotland and the administrative centre for Angus Council, with a new multi-million pound office complex located on the outskirts of the town. As of 2021, the town has a p ...
in 1897 and served in the British Parliament from 1892 to 1895 and 1897 to 1909. He also served as an
Aide-de-Camp and secretary to Lord Aberdeen. Sinclair was appointed to the
Privy Council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
in 1905. He served as the Secretary for Scotland from 1905 to 1912 and as the Governor of Madras from 1912 to 1919. He died in 1925.
During his tenure as Governor of Madras, Pentland became popular in India for the interest he showed in the indigenous tradition and culture. At the same time, he is also remembered for his crackdown on
Annie Besant
Annie Besant ( Wood; 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a British socialist, theosophist, freemason, women's rights activist, educationist, writer, orator, political party member and philanthropist.
Regarded as a champion of human f ...
and leaders of the Home Rule Movement.
A radical Liberal, Sinclair was supportive of reforms aimed at promoting social justice. As noted by Veronica Strong-Boag
"As much as anyone in the new Cabinet after the 1905 election, he embodied the new liberalism of state intervention on the side of the weak. He was also a staunch proponent of legislation tailored to Scottish circumstances. His advocacy of the Scottish Education Act of 1908, which provided for improved teacher training and school facilities and meals for students, very much followed the spirit of Lord Aberdeen’s practices on his own estates. So, too, did Sinclair’s support for legislation to secure the land rights of Scottish crofters."
Early life and ancestry
John Sinclair was born at 6 Moray Place,
Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
to Captain John Sinclair (1826–1871), an officer in the
Bengal Army
The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.
The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company (EIC) until the Govern ...
and Agnes Sinclair, daughter of John Learmonth of Dean who constructed the Dean Bridge of Edinburgh, on 7 July 1860.
John Sinclair was the eldest of three sons.
Captain John Sinclair of Lyth was the grandson of Sir John Sinclair of Barrock, 6th
baronet
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
of
Dunbeath
Dunbeath ( gd, Dùn Bheithe) is a village in south-east Caithness, Scotland on the A9 road. It sits astride the Dunbeath Water just before it enters the sea at Dunbeath Bay.
Dunbeath has a very rich archaeological landscape, the site of numero ...
, and descended from George Sinclair of
Mey (himself third son of the 4th
Earl of Caithness
Earl of Caithness is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland, and it has a very complex history. Its first grant, in the modern sense as to have been counted in strict lists of peerages, is now generally held to have ...
), who died 1616.
He was thus a distant cousin of the contemporary Earls of Caithness who were descended from the 7th Baronet, of Mey.
Education and military career
Sinclair was educated at
Edinburgh Academy
The Edinburgh Academy is an Independent school (United Kingdom), independent day school in Edinburgh, Scotland, which was opened in 1824. The original building, on Henderson Row in the city's New Town, Edinburgh, New Town, is now part of the Se ...
and
Wellington College Wellington College may refer to:
*Wellington College, Berkshire, an independent school in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England
** Wellington College International Shanghai
** Wellington College International Tianjin
* Wellington College, Wellington, Ne ...
. He left Wellington in 1878 and the next year passed out fifth from the
Royal Military College, Sandhurst
The Royal Military College (RMC), founded in 1801 and established in 1802 at Great Marlow and High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England, but moved in October 1812 to Sandhurst, Berkshire, was a British Army military academy for training infantry a ...
. On completion of the one-year Sandhurst course, Sinclair was commissioned into the 5th Royal Irish Lancers.
He served in the Sudan expedition and returned as captain in 1887.
Kelly
Kelly may refer to:
Art and entertainment
* Kelly (Kelly Price album)
* Kelly (Andrea Faustini album)
* ''Kelly'' (musical), a 1965 musical by Mark Charlap
* "Kelly" (song), a 2018 single by Kelly Rowland
* ''Kelly'' (film), a 1981 Canadi ...
, Pg 1339
Early political career
Sinclair participated in political activities from an early age. He was among those who moved to
Toynbee Hall
Toynbee Hall is a charitable institution that works to address the causes and impacts of poverty in the East End of London and elsewhere. Established in 1884, it is based in Commercial Street, Spitalfields, and was the first university-affiliat ...
along with
Samuel Augustus Barnett
Samuel Augustus Barnett (8 February 1844 – 17 June 1913) was a Church of England cleric and social reformer who was particularly associated with the establishment of the first university settlement, Toynbee Hall, in east London in 1884. He ...
, where he strived to promote education and sport,
and was one of the founders of the London Playing Fields Society, a sports ground established for the sake of the poor.
Sinclair joined the Liberal Party in the 1880s and contested elections to the House of Commons from the Ayr Burghs in Scotland on the promise of Home Rule for Ireland, but lost.
Pentland served as
Aide-de-Camp and Official Secretary to Lord Aberdeen while he was serving as
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdo ...
in 1886, and had the same roles in Canada while Lord Aberdeen was
Governor-General
Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
there.
In January 1889 he was elected to the first
London County Council
London County Council (LCC) was the principal local government body for the County of London throughout its existence from 1889 to 1965, and the first London-wide general municipal authority to be directly elected. It covered the area today kno ...
as a
Progressive councillor representing
Finsbury East. He served a single three-year term, retiring from the council in 1892.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
In 1892, Sinclair was elected a
Liberal
Liberal or liberalism may refer to:
Politics
* a supporter of liberalism
** Liberalism by country
* an adherent of a Liberal Party
* Liberalism (international relations)
* Sexually liberal feminism
* Social liberalism
Arts, entertainment and m ...
Member of Parliament for
Dunbartonshire
Dunbartonshire ( gd, Siorrachd Dhùn Breatann) or the County of Dumbarton is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the west central Lowlands of Scotland lying to the north of the River Clyde. Dunbartonshire borders P ...
, a seat he held until 1895, and returned to the Commons representing
Forfarshire
Angus ( sco, Angus; gd, Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agri ...
from 1897 to 1909.
He then acted as
Parliamentary Secretary to
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (né Campbell; 7 September 183622 April 1908) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. He served as the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1905 to 1908 and leader of the Liberal Party from 1899 to 190 ...
for many years.
He was appointed a
Privy Councillor
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
on 11 December 1905
and was created Baron Pentland, of Lyth in the
County of Caithness
Caithness ( gd, Gallaibh ; sco, Caitnes; non, Katanes) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland.
Caithness has a land boundary with the historic county of Sutherland to the west and is otherwise bounded b ...
on 15 February 1909.
Marriage and family
On 12 July 1904 he married Lady
Marjorie Adeline Gordon (7 December 1880 – 26 July 1970), elder daughter of his former patron
the 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair.
They had two children
#
Henry John Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pentland
Henry John Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pentland (6 June 1907 – 14 February 1984) was the President of thfrom its formation in 1953 and the President of thGurdjieff Foundation of Californiafrom its inception in 1955. He held both posts until his death ...
, (b. 6 June 1907 d. 1984); succeeded his father 1925, also known as a former president of
The Gurdjieff Foundation of New York; married 11 September 1941 Lucy Elisabeth Smith; they had issue 1 daughter, who is married, and lives in New York.
# Hon. Margaret Ishbel Sinclair (b. October 1906)
As Secretary for Scotland
Pentland served as the
Secretary for Scotland from 1905 to 1912.
During his tenure,
women's suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...
was introduced in the councils and
Lavinia Malcolm
Lavinia Malcolm ''nee'' Lavinia Laing (c. 1847 – 2 November 1920) was a Scottish suffragist and local Liberal politician, the first Scottish woman to be elected to a local council (1907) and one of the first women 'mayors' in the UK, as the ...
was elected as
provost of
Dollar, Clackmannanshire
Dollar ( gd, Dolair) is a small town with a population of 2,800 people in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is east of Stirling.
Toponymy
Possible interpretations are that Dollar is derived from ''Doilleir'', an Irish and Scots Gaelic word mean ...
, being both the first lady provost and first lady town councilor in Scotland.
[, ] Numerous resolutions were passed to implement greater autonomy for Scotland but all of them failed when put to vote.
Pentland introduced the Taxation of Land Values (Scotland) Bill which recommended the creation of a new Board of Agriculture for Scotland to implement a sweeping land settlement programme.
However, though the bill was approved by the House of Commons it was defeated by the House of Lords.
A second government bill by Pentland was also defeated by the House of Lords.
Pentland was a favorite of the Prime Minister, Campbell-Bannerman.
Pentland's Agriculture Act made the Secretary of Scotland answerable to the House of Commons for issues relating to agriculture.
In 1907, he assured Scottish MPs in the House of Commons that the Government is aware of issues that plague Scotland.
Pentland was Secretary of State for Scotland during the
Oscar Slater
Oscar Joseph Slater (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was the victim of a miscarriage of justice in Scotland. Wrongly convicted of murder and sentenced to death, he was freed after almost two decades of hard labour at Scotland’s HM Priso ...
miscarriage of justice in 1909. Although he commuted Slater's death penalty to life imprisonment he did not investigate concerns, raised by many including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, that the Glasgow Police, James Neil Hart (the Procurator Fiscal) and the Lord Advocate Ure conspired to protect the then influential Charteris and Birrell families of Glasgow. Slater's appeal was upheld in 1928.
In February 1912, Pentland retired as the Secretary for Scotland and was succeeded by
Thomas McKinnon Wood
Thomas McKinnon Wood Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, PC (26 January 1855 – 26 March 1927) was a British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal politician. Regarded as a liberal with "sound Progressive credentials," he served as a member of H ...
.
As Governor of Madras
![Memorial to John Sinclair, Baron Pentland, at St Andrew's Kirk, Madras](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Memorial_to_John_Sinclair%2C_Baron_Pentland%2C_at_St_Andrew%27s_Kirk%2C_Madras.jpg)
Pentland served as the
Governor of Madras
This is a list of the governors, agents, and presidents of colonial Madras, initially of the English East India Company, up to the end of British colonial rule in 1947.
English Agents
In 1639, the grant of Madras to the English was finalized be ...
from 1912 to 1919. For the most part of his tenure as Governor of Madras,
British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...
was embroiled in the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
Construction of the Pamban Bridge
In June 1911,
Arthur Lawley
Arthur Lawley, 6th Baron Wenlock, (12 November 1860 – 14 June 1932) was a British colonial administrator who served variously as Administrator of Matabeleland, Governor of Western Australia, Lieutenant-Governor of the Transvaal, and Governo ...
had commissioned the construction of a railway bridge connecting
Pamban Island with the Indian mainland. The existing railway line ended with the town of
Ramanathapuram
Ramanathapuram (), also known as Ramnad, is a town and a municipality in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Ramanathapuram district and the second largest town (by population) in ...
and it was felt that its extension to Pamban island would boost trade and tourism. It would also make it easier for pilgrims to travel to the sacred
Hindu shrine of
Rameswaram
Rameswaram (; also transliterated as Ramesvaram, Rameshwaram) is a municipality in the Ramanathapuram district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is on Pamban Island separated from mainland India by the Pamban channel and is about 40 kilo ...
.
The construction of the 2.06 km long cantilever railway bridge was undertaken by the German engineer Scherzer and completed in 2 years at a cost of Rs. 2,000,000 by 600 workers with no loss of life.
The bridge was opened by Lord Pentland for traffic on 24 February 1914.
The Pamban bridge is India's largest sea bridge and an UNESCO World Heritage monument.
Pentland and Geddes
In 1914, Pentland invited the Scottish botanist and architect
Patrick Geddes
Sir Patrick Geddes (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a British biologist, sociologist, Comtean positivist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner. He is known for his innovative thinking in the fields of urban planning ...
to conduct an exhibition on town-planning in Madras city. He reached Madras on 20 December 1914 after journeying overland from Calcutta through Vizagapatam, Guntur and Bellary.
[ Geddes, Pg 256] Pentland had been interacting with Geddes and was fascinated with his models since 1890.
[ Lady Pentland, Pg 213]
Geddes had prepared for a detailed exhibition at Madras with a series of illustrations and maps. However, the ship by which they were slated to arrive in Madras, the "Clan Grant", was sunk to the south of
Cape Comorin
Kanniyakumari (; , referring to Devi Kanya Kumari), also known as Cape Comorin, is a city in Kanniyakumari district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent and the southernmost city in mainland Ind ...
by the German ship ''
Emden
Emden () is an independent city and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.
History
The exact founding date of E ...
''.
[ Geddes, p. 253] This calamity delayed Geddes' visit to Madras by a couple of months and he had to recreate his presentations and illustrations.
The Cities and Town Planning Exhibition opened in the senate of the
Madras University
The University of Madras (informally known as Madras University) is a public state university in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest and among the most prestigious universities in India, incorporated by an a ...
on 17 January 1915 and was inaugurated by the Governor who also gave an introductory speech.
[ Geddes, p. 260] Patrick Geddes gave a detailed lecture on cost-effective town planning and sanitation with the aid of real-life examples and a presentation with detailed illustrations and maps.
Geddes spent the next few months in Madras touring the countryside and making reports and illustrations of the different towns in the Presidency. He persuaded Pentland to appoint a town planning advisor and suggested the name of H. V. Lancaster who was a vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
Accordingly, in October 1915, Lancaster joined the service of the Madras government.
During the First World War
Pentland set up a hospital ship which plied regularly between
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
and India and then, between India and the
Middle East
The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...
, caring for sailors injured at sea and treating them. This hospital ship was paid for and maintained by some of the prominent citizens of Madras.
In 1914, the Department of Industries, which had earlier been disbanded in face of protests from the Madras Chamber of Commerce, was re-established.
This department commenced the rapid industrialization of the province to cater to the economic and industrialization needs of the war.
Factories manufacturing soap, ink, adhesives, paper-making, oil-pressing, food processing and decoration of groundnuts were established all over the province.
Industries were set for manufacturing military equipment for the British army.
; Shelling of Madras by ''SMS Emden''
On 22 September 1914, the German cruiser ''
Emden
Emden () is an independent city and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.
History
The exact founding date of E ...
'' which was patrolling the Bay of Bengal launched a surprise attack on Madras
shelling the oil tanks of the Burmah Oil Company that we set up on the shore.
Five tanks were hit out of which two caught fire.
Nearly, 425,000 gallons of oil were lost in the attack.
Three Indians were killed and the Indian liner ''Chupra'' was damaged in the attack. The battle lasted fifteen minutes and ''Emden'' sailed away towards Pondicherry when the coastal defenses of Madras started to retaliate.
Though the casualties due to the attack were minimal, there was a great deal of material damage caused by the shelling. The people of Madras were terrified by these attacks that ''SMS Emden'' has carved out a place for itself in local folklore.
; Home Rule Movement
In 1915, the Home Rule Movement was started in order to demand home rule for India. In Madras, it was led by Irishwoman
Annie Besant
Annie Besant ( Wood; 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a British socialist, theosophist, freemason, women's rights activist, educationist, writer, orator, political party member and philanthropist.
Regarded as a champion of human f ...
and
Sir S. Subramania Iyer. As the movement gathered strength, Pentland responded with Annie Besant's arrest in June 1917 for hoisting the provisional flag of free India and a crackdown on the leaders of the movement.
Other freedom-fighter as
George Arundale
George Sydney Arundale (1 December 1878 in Surrey, England — 12 August 1945 in Adyar, India) was a Theosophist, Freemason, president of the Theosophical Society Adyar and a bishop of the Liberal Catholic Church. He was the husband of t ...
and B. P. Wadia were subsequently arrested.
These arrests were strongly condemned and her case argued by
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mono ...
.
Pentland and Rameswaram
Lord and Lady Pentland were deeply interested in Hindu religion and philosophy.
He appeared captivated by the
Hindu shrine at Rameswaram which he visited during the inauguration of Pamban Bridge and recommended to the Viceroy to establish a committee to conduct a detailed undersea exploration at the site.
Pentland's policy
Pentland was one of the classical British Indian politicians who shared their views on appeasing Indians and that words were more important than actions. The half-measures at industrial development were primarily undertaken to sustain the wartime economy of the First World War. In 1917, he is believed to have told
Edwin Samuel Montagu
Edwin Samuel Montagu PC (6 February 1879 – 15 November 1924) was a British Liberal politician who served as Secretary of State for India between 1917 and 1922. Montagu was a "radical" Liberal and the third practising Jew (after Sir Herber ...
, the
Secretary of State for India
His (or Her) Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for India, known for short as the India Secretary or the Indian Secretary, was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of th ...
:
Lord Pentland is also remembered for having assisted the Indian mathematician
Srinivasa Ramanujan
Srinivasa Ramanujan (; born Srinivasa Ramanujan Aiyangar, ; 22 December 188726 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis ...
make his journey to
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
.
On the general poverty of the masses, Pentland remarked that laborers of Madras city had the habit of frequenting cinema halls to watch movies and suggested that this could be one of the possible reasons for their poverty.
Pentland's statement also hints at the possibility of a drastic increase in the number of cinema goers during his Governorate.
Death
![Grave of John Sinclair, Baron Pentland, Dean Cemetery](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Grave_of_John_Sinclair%2C_Baron_Pentland%2C_Dean_Cemetery.JPG)
John Sinclair died in 1925, and was succeeded to the
baron
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knig ...
y by his son.
He is buried in
Dean Cemetery
The Dean Cemetery is a historically important Victorian cemetery north of the Dean Village, west of Edinburgh city centre, in Scotland. It lies between Queensferry Road and the Water of Leith, bounded on its east side by Dean Path and on ...
in
Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
, with a humble grave, set back from the path behind other stones. It lies in the north-west section of the original cemetery.
Honours
Pentland was made a
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:
#Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)
#Knight Commander ( KCIE)
#Companion ( CIE)
No appo ...
in 1912 and a
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander (GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointmen ...
in 1918.
Notes
References
*
*
*
Sources
Biography of Lord Aberdeen, father-in-law to Lord Pentland*
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050205055255/http://clansinclaircanada.ca/docs/peers.htm Some Sinclair peersbr>
Sir John Sinclair of Barrock, 6th Bt, of Dunbeath is Lord Pentland's ancestor*Torrance, David, ''The Scottish Secretaries'' (Birlinn 2006)
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pentland, John Sinclair, 1st Baron
1860 births
1925 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Governors of Madras
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Scottish Liberal Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
Progressive Party (London) politicians
Members of London County Council
Secretaries for Scotland
UK MPs 1892–1895
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Peers created by Edward VII
Burials at the Dean Cemetery