John Of Głogów

:''Another John of Glogau had died in 1377''

John of Głogów ( pl, Jan z Głogowa, Jan Głogowczyk; german: Johann von Schelling von Glogau) (c. 1445 – 11 February 1507''"Jan z Głogowa"'' ("Jan of Głogów"), ''Perspektywa Kulturalna'' (Cultural Perspective), 2007.
/ref>) was a notable Polish polyhistor at the turn of the Middle Ages and Renaissance—a philosopher, geographer and astronomer at the University of Krakow. Władysław Tatarkiewicz, ''Historia filozofii'' (History of Philosophy), volume 1, p. 312.

Life

John was born into the Schelling (also found as Schilling, Shieling, and Schelink) family in Głogów (in German, Glogau) in the Lower Silesian Duchy of Głogów, which from 1331 had belonged to Bohemia and thus, during his lifetime, to the Holy Roman Empire. He variously styled himself ''Johannes Glogoviensis'', ''Glogerus'', ''de Glogovia'' and ''Glogowita''; but while he may have been of German extraction, he never used the name "Schelling."

He began his education in a local school at the Collegiate Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. As the scion of a wealthy bourgeois family, he could continue his education at one of the best universities in that part of Europe — the University of Krakow, which is now known as Jagiellonian University. He embarked on his studies there, at age 16 in 1462, which is the first documented date of his life. After three years he obtained his baccalaureate, and after two more — his licentiate. In 1468 he received his '' Magister Artium'' degree, the equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy degree. This was but the beginning of a forty-year academic career. Throughout these 40 years, John spent one year away from the University of Krakow and spent the academic year at the University of Vienna which took place in 1497-1498. He would later also obtain a baccalaureate in theology.

John of Głogów was an adherent of the Cologne Thomism, a philosophical school that upheld the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. But while siding in some questions with Thomas, in others he sided with Albertus Magnus. John played an important role in revitalizing the work of Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas as well as devoting his work in philosophy and logics to bring together different scholastic traditions.


From 1468 John lectured in the Department of Arts at the University of Krakow, in all seven liberal arts. His greatest passions were grammar, Aristotelian logic, physics, physiology, and astronomy. Additionally, he was one of the first to show interest in world geography impending the discovery of the New World. In 1478 and 1489–90 he was dean of the department of arts. Jan Haller became John’s trusted publisher right before 1500, as well as becoming the biggest publisher in Krakow at that time. Haller published many of John’s works, such as the books John wrote on subjects being taught at the university for the students there. He wrote textbooks covering the complete range of philosophical knowledge at the time. His numerous extant works cover medicine, grammar, logic, philosophy, geography, astronomy and astrology. He won fame in the latter field with his " prognostications"; in one of these, he predicted the advent of a "black friar" who would bring disarray to Christianity. The friar would later be identified with the Augustinian monk, Martin Luther."''Jan z Głogowa''," ''Encyklopedia Polski'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 246.

John of Głogów published commentaries on many different figures such as Johannes de Sacrobosco, Aristotle, Alexander de Villa Dei, Peter of Spain, and others. John wrote a work entitled ''Introductio in artem numerandi'' ( Latin: Introduction to the Art of Using Numbers; 1497). He wrote commentaries to Ptolemy's ''Cosmography''. When John finished his studies and began lecturing, the University of Krakow, at that point, was heavily influenced by Averroistic views, which he did not support. He favored the Ptolemic model of the universe, subscribing to the belief of geocentrism and the existence of physical celestial spheres on which the planets revolved on.

He is thought to have been one of the teachers of Nicolaus Copernicus, who enrolled at the University of Krakow in 1491. In winter of 1493, Copernicus attended the University of Krakow. The following summer, Copernicus attended a course on geography given by John of Głogów which was found by the Almanach that the University yearly produces. Along with teaching Copernicus, John taught a man of the name Wojciech Brudzewo (better known by his anglicized name Albert Brudzewski), who was also known very well in the field of astronomy, and they worked together to try and satisfy astronomers of their time with the state of astronomy.

John of Głogów and Michael of Biestrzycowa, as well as other philosophers, disagreed with the logic of consequences (or treatise on consequences), which entailed the connection of antecedent and consequent, according to the Cracovian authors from the 15th century. John had two main objections, the first point being along the lines of anything can follow from the impossible (which was reportedly supported by Aristotle’s work). The second point John disagreed with was that cause and effect cannot be linked to the antecedent and consequent a good consequence. This was during the time that John of Głogów was writing his commentary on Peter of Spain (late 1400s and early 1500s), which consists of five treatises.

John authored 60 volumes, mainly astronomical and astrological. He also put out astrological forecasts each year at the University of Krakow which aided in Copernicus’ basic learning of astrology and planetary theory. Johannes Virdung, a celebrated sixteenth century astrologer, also attended John’s lectures at Krakow in 1486. They both composed many of these forecasts that would tell people the best time to travel or bathe as well as the daily elemental conditions and their disposition. John took up this post from 1479 to 1507.

His grammar was used in Kraków schools for over a century. He is reputed to have been the first in Poland to note the discovery of America.John's works show little originality, but his erudition was impressive. John of Głogów became a very prominent teacher, so much so that up to twenty years after his death, his published works were still being taught. As such an influential presence in the university, it is heavily believed that many of his students went on to become instructors of higher education themselves.

His first two years of lecturing had given him entry to the Kraków Academy's ''Collegium Minus'' (the Lesser College), and from 1484 he had been a member of the '' Collegium Maius'' (the Greater College). Collegiate membership entailed a semi-monastic life and the observation of an uncommonly austere regime. He devoted his income to charitable works.

John took a special interest in students from his native Silesia, building and operating a dormitory for them. The Bursa nova (the hostel or dormitory), built in 1486, opened in 1488 with John of Głogów as the manager. It was located on St. Anne’s Street near the back of the greater college, ''College Mauis''. Between 1433 and 1510, 120 scholars from Głogów matriculated at Kraków—one of the largest groups, alongside those from Wrocław.

John of Głogów, an "ornament of Kraków University," died in Kraków on 11 February 1507 and was interred at St. Florian's Church.

See also

* History of philosophy in Poland
* List of Poles

Notes

References

* Władysław Tatarkiewicz, ''Zarys dziejów filozofii w Polsce'' (A Brief History of Philosophy in Poland), n the series:Historia nauki polskiej w monografiach (''History of Polish Learning in Monographs''), olumeXXXII, Kraków, Polska Akademia Umiejętności ( Polish Academy of Learning), 1948, pp. 6–7. This monograph draws from pertinent sections in earlier editions of the author's ''Historia filozofii'' (History of Philosophy).
* Władysław Tatarkiewicz, ''Historia filozofii'' (History of Philosophy), volume 1 ncient and Medieval Philosophy Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1978.
* ''Encyklopedia powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), volume 2, Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1974.
* ''Encyklopedia Polski'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński, 1996.

External links

*

The Scientific Medieval Treatises of the Jagiellonian University 14th-16th c.
from the collections of the Jagiellonian Library (Biblioteka Jagiellońska, 30-059 Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 22)
*
''"Jan z Głogowa"'' ("Jan of Głogów"), ''Perspektywa Kulturalna'' (Cultural Perspective), 2007, ISSN 1897-9475.

Works by John of Głogów
in digital library Polona

{{DEFAULTSORT:John of Glogow
1445 births
1507 deaths
People from Głogów
Academic staff of Jagiellonian University
15th-century philosophers
16th-century philosophers
Polish scientists
Thomists
15th-century scientists
16th-century Polish scientists
Medieval Polish scientists
15th-century Polish astronomers
16th-century Polish astronomers
15th-century geographers
16th-century geographers
15th-century Polish philosophers