John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville, (c.1337 – 17 October 1388) was an English peer, naval commander, and soldier.
Origins
He was born between 1337 and 1340 at
Raby Castle
Raby Castle () is a medieval castle located near Staindrop in County Durham, England, among of deer park. It was built by John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby, between approximately 1367 and 1390. Cecily Neville, the mother of the Kings Ed ...
,
County Durham
County Durham ( ), officially simply Durham,UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. is a ceremonial county in North East England.North East Assembly About North East E ...
, the eldest son of
Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby
Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville of Raby (c. 1291 – 5 August 1367) was an English aristocrat, the son of Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby by Eupheme de Clavering.
Neville led the English forces to victory against King David II of ...
by his wife Alice Audley, a daughter of
Hugh de Audley of
Stratton Audley
Stratton Audley is a village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish about northeast of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England.
Manor
The Domesday Book of 1086 records that Robert D'Oyly held five Hide (unit), hides of land at Stratton. Like man ...
in Oxfordshire and sister of
Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester, 1st Baron Audley (c.1291-1347) of
Stratton Audley
Stratton Audley is a village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish about northeast of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England.
Manor
The Domesday Book of 1086 records that Robert D'Oyly held five Hide (unit), hides of land at Stratton. Like man ...
. He had five brothers, including
Alexander Neville
Alexander Neville ( 1340–1392) was a late medieval prelate who served as Archbishop of York from 1374 to 1388.
Life
Born in about 1340, Alexander Neville was a younger son of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. He ...
,
Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers th ...
, and four sisters.
Career
Cokayne notes that Neville's public career was as active as his father's had been. He fought against the Scots at the
Battle of Neville's Cross
The Battle of Neville's Cross took place during the Second War of Scottish Independence on 17 October 1346, half a mile (800 m) to the west of Durham, England. An invading Scottish army of 12,000 led by King David II was defeated with heavy loss ...
on 17 October 1346 as a captain under his father, was knighted about 1360 after a skirmish near
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
while serving under
Sir Walter Manny, and fought in
Aquitaine
Aquitaine ( , , ; oc, Aquitània ; eu, Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Aguiéne''), archaic Guyenne or Guienne ( oc, Guiana), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region of the country. Since 1 January ...
in 1366, and again in 1373-4.
At his father's death on 5 August 1367, he succeeded to the title, and had livery of his lands in England and Scotland in October of that year.
From 1367, on he had numerous commissions issued to him, and in 1368 served as joint ambassador to France. He was made a
Knight of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
in 1369. In July 1370, he was appointed
Admiral of the North
The Admiral of the North also known as Admiral of the Northern Seas and Admiral of the Northern Fleet was a senior English Navy appointment. The Admiral was chiefly responsible for the command of the navy's fleet that operated in the North Sea ...
, and in November of that year a joint commissioner to treat with
Genoa
Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...
. He was Steward of the King's Household in 1372, and in July of that year was part of an expedition to
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...
. For the next several years he served in Scotland and the
Scottish Marches
Scottish Marches was the term used for the Anglo-Scottish border during the late medieval and early modern eras, characterised by violence and cross-border raids. The Scottish Marches era came to an end during the first decade of the 17th century ...
. In 1378 he had licence to fortify
Raby Castle
Raby Castle () is a medieval castle located near Staindrop in County Durham, England, among of deer park. It was built by John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby, between approximately 1367 and 1390. Cecily Neville, the mother of the Kings Ed ...
, and in June of the same year was in
Gascony
Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part o ...
, where he was appointed Keeper of Fronsac Castle and
Lieutenant of Gascony
The Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine was an officer charged with governing the Duchy of Aquitaine on behalf of the King of England. Unlike the seneschalcy of Gascony, the lieutenancy was not a permanent office. Lieutenants were appointed in ti ...
. He spent several years in Gascony, and was among the forces which raised the siege of Mortaigne in 1381. On his return to England, he was again appointed
Warden of the Marches
The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, alo ...
. In May 1383 and March 1387, he was a joint commissioner to treat of peace with Scotland, and in July 1385 was to accompany the
King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...
to Scotland.
Neville died at
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne ( RP: , ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is ...
on 17 October 1388. In his will he requested burial in
Durham Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham, commonly known as Durham Cathedral and home of the Shrine of St Cuthbert, is a cathedral in the city of Durham, County Durham, England. It is the seat of t ...
by his first wife, Maud. He was succeeded by his eldest son,
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland Earl Marshal (c. 136421 October 1425), was an English nobleman of the House of Neville.
Origins
Ralph Neville was born about 1364, the son of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville by his wife Maud Percy (d. ...
.
Marriages and issue
Neville married twice:
*Firstly, before 1362, to Maud Percy (d. before 18 February 1379), a daughter of
Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy
Henry Percy, 9th Baron Percy of Topcliffe, 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick (6 February 1301 – 26 February 1352) was the son of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick, and Eleanor Fitzalan, daughter of Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel, a ...
of
Alnwick
Alnwick ( ) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2011 Census was 8,116.
The town is on the south bank of the River Aln, south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish bor ...
,
Northumberland
Northumberland () is a county in Northern England, one of two counties in England which border with Scotland. Notable landmarks in the county include Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle, Hadrian's Wall and Hexham Abbey.
It is bordered by land on ...
, by his wife Idoine de Clifford, a daughter of
Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
. By Maud he had two sons and five daughters:
**
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland Earl Marshal (c. 136421 October 1425), was an English nobleman of the House of Neville.
Origins
Ralph Neville was born about 1364, the son of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville by his wife Maud Percy (d. ...
(c.1364-1425), eldest son and heir.
** Thomas Neville, 5th
Baron Furnivall
Baron Furnivall is an ancient title in the Peerage of England. It was originally created (by writ) when Thomas de Furnivall was summoned to the Model Parliament on 24 June 1295 as Lord Furnivall. The barony eventually passed to Thomas Nevill, wh ...
, who married Joan Furnival
** Alice Neville, who married William Deincourt, 3rd
Baron Deincourt
Baron Deincourt was a title which was created twice in the Peerage of England. The first creation is in abeyance and the second creation was forfeited.
History
The first creation was by writ on 6 February 1299 in the reign of Edward I of England, ...
.
** Maud Nevile.
** Idoine Neville.
** Eleanor Neville, who married
Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley
Ralph Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley (died January 1400) was an English nobleman, soldier and administrator under King Richard II of England, Richard II, who was stripped of his lands, goods and title and executed for rebelling against King Henry ...
.
** Elizabeth Neville, a nun.
*Secondly, before 9 October 1381, he married Elizabeth Latimer (d. 5 November 1395), daughter and heiress of
William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer
William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer, KG (24 March 1330 – 28 May 1381) was an English noble, soldier and diplomat. After serving in France and for the household of Edward III, he was impeached during the Good Parliament of 1376, the earliest re ...
, who survived him and re-married (as his second wife) to Robert Willoughby, 4th
Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Baron Willoughby de Eresby ( ) is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1313 for Robert de Willoughby. Since 1983, the title has been held by Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
History
The ...
(c.1348-50 – 9 August 1396), by whom she had a daughter, Margaret Willoughby. Neville had by Elizabeth Latimer a further son and a daughter:
**John Neville, 6th
Baron Latimer
The title Baron Latimer or Latymer has been created, by the definitions of modern peerage law, four times in the Peerage of England. Of these, one (of Snape) was restored from abeyance in 1913; one (of Braybrook) is forfeit; the other two (both ...
(c.1382 – 10 December 1430), who married firstly, Maud Clifford (c.26 August 1446), daughter of
Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford
Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford, also 6th Lord of Skipton (c. 1363 – 1391) was a Knight of The Chamber, hereditary Sheriff of Westmorland, Governor of Carlisle Castle, and Warden of the West Marches.
Life
He was the son of Roger d ...
, whom he divorced before 1413/17, by whom he had no issue. She married secondly,
Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge
Richard of Conisbrough, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (20 July 1385 – 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York. He was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy ...
.
**Elizabeth Neville, who before 27 May 1396 married Sir Thomas Willoughby (died shortly before 20 August 1417) son of Robert Willoughby, 4th
Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Baron Willoughby de Eresby ( ) is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1313 for Robert de Willoughby. Since 1983, the title has been held by Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
History
The ...
(c.1348-50 – 9 August 1396), by whom she had one child, Sir John Willoughby (c.1400 – 24 February 1437).
[.]
See also
*
Baron Percy
The title Baron Percy has been created several times in the Peerage of England. The first, soon after 1066, a feudal barony rather than a barony by writ, which continued in parallel with the later baronies by writ, until the abolition of feudal ...
Notes
External links
Inquisition Post Mortem#725-750, dated 1388.
References
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*
Further reading
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neville De Raby, John Neville, 3rd Baron
Garter Knights appointed by Edward III
1337 births
1388 deaths
14th-century English nobility
14th-century English Navy personnel
People of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Barons Neville of Raby
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...
English admirals