John Millius

John Frederick Milius (; born April 11, 1944) is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer. He was a writer for the first two ''Dirty Harry'' films, received an Academy Award nomination as screenwriter of ''Apocalypse Now'' (1979), and wrote and directed ''The Wind and the Lion'' (1975), ''Conan the Barbarian'' (1982), and ''Red Dawn'' (1984). He later served as the co-creator of the Primetime Emmy Award-winning television series ''Rome'' (2005–2007).

Early life and education

Milius was born April 11, 1944, in St. Louis, Missouri, the youngest of three children to Elizabeth Marie ( Roe; 1906–2010) and William Styx Milius (1889–1975), who was a shoe manufacturer. He is Jewish. When Milius was seven, his father sold Milius Shoe Company, which his grandfather George W. Milius had founded in 1923, and retired. He moved the family to Bel Air, California. John Milius became an enthusiastic surfer. At 14, his parents sent him to a small private school, the Lowell Whiteman School, in the mountains of Steamboat Springs, Colorado, because he "was a juvenile delinquent".''Apocalypse'' writer: Most scripts today 'are garbage'
Thom Patterson, ''CNN'', March 9, 2009

Milius became a voracious reader and started to write short stories: "I had learned very early, to write in almost any style. I could write in fluent Hemingway, or in fluent Melville, or Conrad, or Jack Kerouac, and whatever." He says he was also influenced by the oral story telling of surfers at the time, who had a beatnik tradition.

"My religion is surfing", Milius said in 1976, adding that "the other thing that influenced me throughout my youth was my involvement with things Japanese. I studied judo, kendo, and painting. I felt more comfortable with things Japanese and with Japanese people than I did with Europeans ... feudalism in any country, at any period, fascinates me ... I understand the reasoning of people in Asia, it makes sense to me. Zen is very sensible, the whole way of feeling things is logical, whereas many of the Western-motivated things —greed, business sense— I'm not comfortable with, I don't understand their rationale."

Milius says he attempted to join the Marine Corps and volunteer for Vietnam War service in the late 1960s, but was rejected due to a "chronic" and "sometimes disabling" case of mild asthma. "I'd have given anything to be a Marine", said Milius. "As a surfer I'd spent a lot of time hanging out with the Marines off Pendleton, and I'd had every intention of joining up ... I was devastated, I felt like I'd been rejected as a human being." "It was totally demoralizing", he said later. "I missed going to my war. It probably caused me to be obsessed with war ever since." Milius said he was "dying to be able to... go prove myself in battle—the same as all young men long to do, if they are honest with themselves, whether it's right or wrong or even sane, which is a debate that's been going on since we left the caves. Only there was no way I could found my own unit, so I did the second best, which was to write it. Every writer wishes he could actually be doing the thing he writes about." He later admitted, "I don't know how well I'd have done. I really wanted a military career, to be a general, but I had a hard time polishing shoes. And marching. I was in the ROTC once, and I hate marching ... I would have been good in the Mexican Army."

At one stage Milius considered becoming an artist or historian. During a rainy day on a summer vacation in Hawaii in 1962, he stumbled upon a movie theatre showing a week of Akira Kurosawa films and fell in love with cinema.

Milius studied film at the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television, which he chose because it was an elitist school that trained people for Hollywood. His classmates included George Lucas, Basil Poledouris, Randal Kleiser and Donald F. Glut. Milius says he was influenced by his teacher, Irwin Blacker:

He gave you the screenplay form, which I hated so much, and if you made one mistake on the form, you flunked the class. His attitude was that the least you can learn is the form. "I can't grade you on the content. I can't tell you whether this is a better story for you to write than that, you know? And I can't teach you how to write the content, but I can certainly demand that you do it in the proper form." He never talked about character arcs or anything like that; he simply talked about telling a good yarn, telling a good story. He said, "Do whatever you need to do. Be as radical and as outrageous as you can be. Take any kind of approach you want to take. Feel free to flash back, feel free to flash forward, feel free to flash back in the middle of a flashback. Feel free to use narration, all the tools are there for you to use."

Milius says his writing style was influenced by two novels in particular, ''Moby-Dick'' and ''On the Road'':

I think ''Moby Dick'' is the best work of art ever made ... I used to point out the dramatic entrance of characters, how they were threaded through ... ''Moby Dick'' was a perfect screenplay, a perfect example of the kind of drama that I was interested in. Another great influence on me was ... ''On the Road'', which has no tight, linear narrative, but sprawls, following this character. ''Moby Dick'' and ''On the Road'' are completely different kinds of novels, yet they're both extremely disciplined. Nothing happens by accident in either of those two books.

Milius reflected his "ambitions stopped at B Westerns ... I thought that was a good life. I never wanted to be Hitchcock or some big mogul, I didn't want to be Louis B. Mayer. I wanted to be ... Budd Boetticher or something ... John Ford."
His short films at film school included ''The Reversal of Richard Sun'' (1966), ''Glut'' (1967) and ''Viking Women Don't Care'' (1967). He wrote a documentary, ''The Emperor'' (1967), directed by classmate George Lucas, who also edited an animated short Milius directed called '' Marcello, I'm So Bored'' (1967) with John Strawbridge.

''Marcello'', Milius's thesis film, won best animation at the National Student Film Festival and screened around the country in various festivals; it was praised by Vincent Canby of ''The New York Times''. Milius received a job offer to work in animation but he turned it down as he could not see himself "sitting there drawing cell after cell."

Career

Early

Milius's first completed script was ''Los Gringos'' (1968). "It actually wasn't bad", he later said. It was sort of like ''The Wild Bunch'' ... there was a lot of killing and shooting and riding and dust ... sombreros. ... It was a pretty good idea, actually. It had everything, and it was certainly as original as ''The Wild Bunch'', but it wasn't as skillfully written as later stuff."

He followed this with ''The Last Resort'' which was optioned by Michael S Laughlin in 1969. Milius says, "Neither of them were ever made, but I was able to option them. I had them rented out for like $5,000 a year."

''The Devil's 8''

Milius then got a summer job working at the story department of American International Pictures through a student colleague of his who had begun working there, Willard Huyck. Huyck and Milius worked at AIP under producer Larry Gordon, reading scripts. They eventually collaborated on a rewrite of the screenplay for ''The Devil's 8'' (1968), an action drama about moonshine drivers which ripped off ''The Dirty Dozen'' (1968).

Milius's name had been mentioned in a 1968 ''Time'' magazine article about the new generation of Hollywood filmmakers, which also referred to George Lucas and Martin Scorsese. This was read by Mike Medavoy, who became Milius's agent. Medavoy called Milius "a badboy mad genius in a teenager's body, but he was a good and fast writer with original ideas."

Milius began to get writing commissions. He wrote a script entitled ''The Texans'' for Al Ruddy at Paramount, a contemporary version of '' Red River'' (1948) (never made, although Sam Peckinpah was going to direct it in 1979)— Milius later said it "wasn't very good". He also wrote an original called ''Truck Driver'' (aka ''The Haul'') which was purchased by Levy-Garner-Laven, although that film too was not made.

Milius later said he "didn't do a good job" with these two early scripts "because in both cases I was influenced by the people who had hired me. They said put this in and put that in, and I went along with it. Every time I went along with something in my whole career it usually didn't work. Usually there's a price to pay. You think of selling out, but there is a price to pay. Usually what people want you to do is make it current."

''Jeremiah Johnson''

Milius then wrote '' Jeremiah Johnson'', a story loosely based on the life of the mountain man Liver-Eating Johnson.

Milius later said this was "the real breaking point" where he knew "almost overnight... that I had become a good writer with a voice.":

I knew that material. I'd lived in the mountains, I had a trapline, I hunted, and I had a lot of experiences with characters up there. So, it was real easy to write that and there was a humor to it, a kind of bigger-than-life attitude. I was inspired by Carl Sandburg. I read a lot of his poetry and it's this kind of abrupt description—"a train is coming, thundering steel, where are you going? Wichita." That great kind of feeling that he had, that's what I was trying to do there. I remember there was a great poem about American braggarts. You know, American liars—"I am the ring-tailed cousin to the such and such that ate so and so and I can do this and I can do that better than Mike Fink the river man ..." I just realized that this was the voice that the script had to have. It was as clear as a bell. I knew that writing was particular to me.

Milius sold the script to Warner Bros. in 1970 for $5,000, going up to $50,000 if it was ever made. Warner Bros. had other writers work on the original script based on ''The Crow Killer''. Milius was also called back to work on it, and his fee grew each time. (He eventually made $90,000 on the film.Pye and Myles, p 176) Eventually, Robert Redford agreed to play the lead and Sydney Pollack signed to direct.

''Dirty Harry'' and ''Judge Roy Bean''

Milius wrote an uncredited draft of ''Dirty Harry'' (1971). He says his contribution to the film was "A lot of guns. And the attitude of Dirty Harry, being a cop who was ruthless. I think it's fairly obvious if you look at the rest of my work what parts are mine. The cop being the same as the killer except he has a badge. And being lonely." ''Dirty Harry'' was an enormous box office hit.

George Hamilton hired Milius to rewrite ''Evel Knievel'' (1971), a biopic of the stunt rider, at a fee of $1,000 a day. Milius re-did the entire script over seven days.

He wrote an original script, ''The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean'', about the famous judge. He offered it for $150,000 if he could direct, but could find no takers. He sold it to First Artists for $300,000, then extremely high for a script. Directed by John Huston and starring Paul Newman, it was a moderate hit, although Milius disliked the final result. "I fought every day", he said. "And I was blooded well. I was treated horribly." More popular was ''Jeremiah Johnson''.

Milius did some work with David Giler on the script which became ''The Black Bird''.

By now Milius was one of the most sought after screenwriters in Hollywood, seen as a colorful character with a talent for lively interviews. His self-styled "Zen Anarchist"/"American samurai" persona made him stand out in Hollywood. For instance, he only rewrote ''Dirty Harry'' on the proviso he was given an expensive gun. He was also the inspiration for the character of Big John in the enormously successful ''American Graffiti'' (1973). Milius said of this film, "I guess he ucassaw me in that light because I was a surfer going past my time."

He also wrote the first draft of the ''Dirty Harry'' sequel, ''Magnum Force'' (1973). Milius later said "I don't like ''Magnum Force''. Of all the films I had anything to do with, I like it least. They changed a lot of things in a cheap and distasteful manner." However, it was successful at the box office.

''Dillinger''

Milius wanted to move behind the camera. "Being a director is the only way anyone will listen to you in Hollywood", he said. "It's the next best thing to being a star."

Gangster films were popular at the time and AIP offered him the chance to direct one if he would write it for a fraction of his regular fee. Milius agreed and wrote and directed ''Dillinger'' (1973). "I deliberately chose Dillinger because he was a pure criminal", said Milius. "Robbing banks to right social wrongs did not come into it."

The movie was moderately successful and launched Milius's directing career. He worked on the script for a TV sequel, '' Melvin Purvis: G-Man'' (1974), a pilot for a proposed series about Melvin Purvis (there was a second TV movie, but no series), but did not like the director, Dan Curtis, or the experience of working for TV.

Contemporary film critics grouped Milius in with the emerging "movie brats" generation of filmmakers that also including Lucas, Coppola, Terrence Malick, and Scorsese.

In 1974, David Picker announced he would produce ''Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail'' directed by Milius and written by Winfred Blevins, about Theodore Roosevelt. The film was never made. Neither was ''The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy'', a proposed biopic about the famous anti-Communist Senator, which Milius declared interest in making.

''The Wind and the Lion''

Milius next wrote and directed the popular adventure film ''The Wind and the Lion'' (1975), which starred Sean Connery and Candice Bergen. He later said he felt this was his first "real" movie.

He intended to follow this with ''Give Your Heart to the Hawks'', a story about mountain man Jedediah Smith in the 1820s based a novel by Winfred Blevins "It's my interpretation of Jedediah Smith, which might not be exactly historical", said Milius. "It'll be about exploration, about the need to see what's over the next ridge and what that does, what price you pay, to find out. Like Dirty Harry, Smith is a classic lone man, with a searing loneliness about him. A leader of men is always alone." It was never made; neither was ''Man-Eaters of Kumoan'' (1976) based on book by Jim Corbett about a tiger hunter in India which Milius worked on.

He did come close to making '' Extreme Prejudice'', based on his script, in 1976. However he decided to make ''Big Wednesday'' instead; ''Extreme Prejudice'' would be made a decade later, much rewritten, and directed by Walter Hill.

''Big Wednesday'' and the A Team

In 1975, Milius formed his own production company, The A Team, with Buzz Feitshans, who had edited ''Dillinger''. They had a five-year deal with Warner Bros.. Milius said, "Our motto is Civitas Sine Prudentia, which really translates to Social Irresponsibility; I believe in it. It's refreshing, it's liberating. Americans are basically socially irresponsible ... Who else would have invented the atomic bomb quite the same way? The Nazis would have invented it with the desire to conquer the world; we were the only people that could have invented it with the desire not to conquer the world"

Its first production was an autobiographical surfing picture, ''Big Wednesday'' (1978), which he called "a surfing ''How Green Was My Valley''". This was a major commercial disappointment although it has gone on to be a cult film. Milius's friendship with George Lucas saw him given a percentage of the profits for ''Star Wars'', which Mike Medavoy estimated earned Milius $1.5 million—in exchange Milius gave Lucas a percentage of the profits for ''Big Wednesday'' which amounted to virtually nothing.

In 1979, Milius said "the ultimate aim of the A Team is that it will become a company that makes lots of projects. I shall be the figurehead and the father figure and take a percentage and I won't have to do anything except go off and direct my movie once every three years."

The A Team made a number of movies not directed by Milius. Notably, they produced the first three films from Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale: ''I Wanna Hold Your Hand'', ''1941'' (directed by Steven Spielberg), and ''Used Cars''. He also produced ''Hardcore'', directed by friend Paul Schrader.

Schrader once described Milius's writing as containing too many good lines and scenes. He says Warren Beatty once "told John something I've been telling him too: 'You come too soon and you come too often.'... He's so full of juice he just can't stop coming, rather than holding back and tightening the situation and building characters. That releasing diffuses the energy, the characters are too broad because they never have time to build up the inner strength."

''Apocalypse Now''

Milius says he was offered $17,000 to rewrite ''Skin Game'' (1971) but then Francis Ford Coppola made a competing offer of $15,000 for Milius to write ''Apocalypse Now''. ''Apocalypse Now'' was an adaptation of ''Heart of Darkness'' set in the Vietnam War which George Lucas intended to direct as a follow up to his first feature ''THX 1138'' (1971). Milius says Coppola:

Offered that wonderful fork in the road where I could go do my own thing rather than just rewrite some piece of crap that would probably be rewritten by somebody else. That was the most important decision I made in my life as a writer. That sort of steered me onto the path of doing my own work and being a little more like a novelist ... I tackled an unpopular subject that no one was going to make a movie about where the chances were really slim that I could pull it off. There was no book, nothing but me and the blank page. And that was wonderful because I had followed my heart. One of the nicest times in my life was writing ''Apocalypse Now.''

The commercial failure of ''THX 1138'' delayed production plans for ''Apocalypse Now''. Milius later said of the ''Apocalypse Now'' script, "No one would touch it because of the Vietnam War. Everyone loved it, it did more for my career than any other script because it was always considered a work of genius; from the minute it came out, it really stirred people up. It's a good script, it's certainly no work of genius. It churns people up, and that's what they think works of genius are supposed to do."

However, the following year saw the release of ''Apocalypse Now'', directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola rewrote the script, which Milius disliked. "He wanted to ruin it, liberalize it, and turn it into ''Hair''", said Milius in 1976. "He sees himself as a great humanitarian, an enlightened soul who will tell you such wonderful things as he does at the end of ''Godfather 2'' -- that crime doesn't pay ... Talent-wise, he's no John Ford; character-wise, he's no Steve Spielberg. Francis can't stand to have any other creative influence around ... Francis Coppola has this compelling desire to save humanity when the man is a raving fascist, the Bay Area Mussolini."

The film was released in 1979 to great acclaim.

Milius's old agent, Mike Medavoy, helped establish Orion Pictures in 1978 and one of their first movies was going to be ''East of Suez'', written and directed by Milius. It was not made.

Spielberg said in 1978 that Milius was key to the group of young filmmakers known as the New Hollywood, which included himself, Lucas, and Coppola:

John is our Scoutmaster. He's the one who will tell you to go on a trip and only take enough food, enough water for one day, and make you stay out longer than that. He's the one who says, "Be a man. I don't want to see any tears." He's a terrific raconteur, a wonderful story teller. John has more life than all the rest of us put together.

(Quentin Tarantino said he could imagine the film ''Deliverance'' being about "Hollywood filmmakers: you can imagine Spielberg, Lucas, and Scorsese as the husbands. And you can really imagine John Milius as Lewis.")

1980s

Milius enjoyed his greatest commercial success as a director with ''Conan the Barbarian'' (1982), which made a star of Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Two years later, this was followed by the popular action film, ''Red Dawn'' (1984) which was the first film to be rated PG-13.

He helped produce ''Uncommon Valor'' (1983) and acted as "spiritual adviser" for ''Lone Wolf McQuade'' (1983). He wrote and directed an episode for ''The New Twilight Zone'' (1985) and a story of his, "Viking Bikers from Hell", was used in an episode of ''Miami Vice'' (season 3, episode 22).

In 1986, it was reported that he was writing the script for ''Fatal Beauty'' which he hoped to direct with Cher; the film was made by Tom Holland and starred Whoopi Goldberg.

There was some talk that he would direct a movie for HBO, ''Capone'', but it was not made.

In the late 1980s Milius wrote and directed a Pacific War adventure film ''Farewell to the King'' (1989). This flopped at the box office. In 1989, he tried to get funding for adaptations of Allan W. Eckert's "The Frontiersmen: A Narrative", about settling the Ohio River Valley, and "Half of the Sky", about a Rocky Mountains explorer.

Sean Connery was hired to star in the film ''The Hunt for Red October'' for producer Mace Neufeld, based on the Tom Clancy's novel of the same name. Connery thought the script was "too American" and insisted Neufeld hire John Milius to rewrite the Russian sequences. Connery thought with Milius, he could "get a different sort of image, different speech patterns."

Neufeld then hired Milius to write and direct '' Flight of the Intruder'', based on the book by Stephen Coonts. It too was not a financial success.

"I think the culture had changed and that is why my films were less accepted", he reflected later. "I still think those are also great films, ''Farewell to the King'' especially."

Later

1990s: screenwriting, cable TV

In 1992, Milius claimed that he was blacklisted for his conservative beliefs in liberal Hollywood, saying that his flops were not as forgiven as those from more leftist directors. "It weighs ten times heavier against me", he said. "If you don't share the politically correct vision, then you are an outlaw, you are hunted and there is a price on your head, and if they catch you they will hang you."

The film of ''Hunt for the Red October'' had been a big success, however, and Milius remained in high demand as a screenwriter: he did several drafts of another Clancy adaptation, ''Clear and Present Danger'' (1994), which was another hit.

Milius worked on a number on unfilmed scripts, including ''Bad Iron'', a biker movie written by Kent Anderson, which he intended to produce. He was going to direct a film about Alexander the Great starring Jean-Claude Van Damme but that was put on hold when a miniseries on the same topic was made by Italian TV. He wrote '' Harlot's Ghost'', for Francis Ford Coppola, based on a novel by Norman Mailer; Milius described it as "a cross between ''The Godfather'' and ''Apocalypse Now.'' It's about families and duplicity and danger, but this time provoked by the government."

He adapted the Sgt. Rock comics for producer Joel Silver, with either Renny Harlin and Paul Verhoeven attached at certain points respectively. And also wrote a version of ''Die Hard 3'', co-written with Barry Beckerman. In the early 1990s he wrote ''Texas Rangers'', about the establishment of that organization, for Frank Price at Columbia. He hoped to direct the film, but could not raise the funding.

In 1993, he replaced Andrei Konchalovsky as director on ''The Northmen'' for Morgan Creek Productions, about an English monk who gets captured by a band of Vikings. "This was inevitable", Milius said of his directing a Viking film. "I've been a practicing pagan for a long time. ''Conan the Barbarian'' was really a Viking movie but it was disguised." However, financing fell through. He was going to direct an adaptation of Tom Clancy's novel ''Without Remorse'' with Gary Sinise and Laurence Fishburne, but the project folded in 1995, two weeks before shooting was to commence due to the financial collapse of Savoy Pictures.

A Milius script that was filmed was his biopic of Geronimo, '' Geronimo: An American Legend'', for Walter Hill.

He also directed two films for cable: ''Motorcycle Gang'' (1994) and ''Rough Riders'' (1997).

2000s

In 2000, Milius was hired to work as a creative consultant with the Institute for Creative Technologies to pre-visualize the challenges to peace that America will face and the advanced virtual reality technologies necessary to train U.S. troops for the future. "Through his enormous body of work, John has shown a deep understanding of the human condition and the ways that conflict can be resolved", said ICT executive director Richard Lindheim. "Furthermore our efforts will benefit greatly from his vision of the world in the near future, and the techniques and procedures that will be needed to maintain security."

That year he also wrote two biopics: ''Le May'' for Robert Zemeckis, about Curtis LeMay; and ''Manila John'', about John Basilone, which he was going to make for HBO. Warner Bros. wanted him to update ''Dirty Harry'' and he wanted them to fund a version of ''The Iliad''; there was also talk he would make ''The Alamo'' for HBO.

In the early 2000s he worked on ''King Conan: Crown of Iron'' (2001−02), a sequel to ''Conan the Barbarian''.

He also developed ''Jornada del Muerto'' (''Journey of Death'') (2003), a biker film starring Triple H and wrote a pilot for a TV show for UPN, ''Delta'', about a military special ops team that takes on terrorists. None of these movies were made.

'' Texas Rangers'' (2001) was eventually made, though Milius stated that his script was substantially rewritten.

Financial difficulties

Milius suffered a major financial reversal in the late 1990s and early 2000s when his accountant embezzled from him an estimated $3 million.

He tried to get a job as a staff writer on the TV show '' Deadwood''; showrunner David Milch was reluctant as he did not consider Milius a staff writer. Milius pleaded that he needed the money in order to pay for his son's tuition at law school, so Milch simply paid the fees. Milius's career recovered when he helped create the BBC
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