![Portrait of John Balliol by William Robins](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Portrait_of_John_Balliol_by_William_Robins.jpg)
John de Balliol (before 1208 – 25 October 1268) was an
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
nobleman, belonging to the
House of Balliol
The House of Balliol (de Bailleul) was a noble family originating from the village of Bailleul in Picardy. They held estates in England, granted during the reign of King William Rufus. Through marriage, they had claims to the Throne of Scot ...
.
Balliol College
Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the f ...
, in
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
, is named after him.
Life
John de Balliol was born before 1208 to Cecily de Fontaines, daughter of Aléaume de Fontaines, chevalier, seigneur of Fontaines and
Longpré-les-Corps-Saints and
Hugh de Balliol
Hugh de Balliol (died 1229), Lord of Bywell, Barnard Castle and Gainford, was an English nobleman. He was the son of Eustace de Balliol and Petronilla FitzPiers. Balliol was a supporter of King John of England during the Barons Wars of 1215–1 ...
, Lord of Balliol and of
Barnard Castle
Barnard Castle (, ) is a market town on the north bank of the River Tees, in County Durham, Northern England. The town is named after and built around a medieval castle ruin. The town's Bowes Museum's has an 18th-century Silver Swan automato ...
and
Gainford ( 1177 – 2 February 1229). It is believed that he was educated at
Durham School
Durham School is an independent boarding and day school in the English public school tradition located in Durham, North East England and was an all-boys institution until 1985, when girls were admitted to the sixth form. The school takes pupils ...
in the city of
Durham Durham most commonly refers to:
*Durham, England, a cathedral city and the county town of County Durham
*County Durham, an English county
* Durham County, North Carolina, a county in North Carolina, United States
*Durham, North Carolina, a city in N ...
.
In 1223, Lord John married
Dervorguilla of Galloway
Dervorguilla of Galloway (c. 1210 – 28 January 1290) was a 'lady of substance' in 13th century Scotland, the wife from 1223 of John, 5th Baron de Balliol, and mother of John I, a future king of Scotland.
The name Dervorguilla or Dervorgill ...
, the daughter of
Alan, Lord of Galloway
Alan of Galloway (before 1199 – 1234), also known as Alan fitz Roland, was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate. As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of S ...
and
Margaret of Huntingdon. By the mid-thirteenth century, his wife had become very wealthy, principally as a result of inheritances from her family. This wealth allowed Balliol to play a prominent public role, and, on
Henry III's instruction, he served as joint protector of the young king of Scots,
Alexander III. He was one of Henry III's leading counsellors between 1258 and 1265. and was appointed
Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire from 1261 to 1262. He was captured at the
Battle of Lewes
The Battle of Lewes was one of two main battles of the conflict known as the Second Barons' War. It took place at Lewes in Sussex, on 14 May 1264. It marked the high point of the career of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and made h ...
in 1264, but escaped and rejoined King Henry.
In 1265 Thomas de Musgrave owed him a debt of 123
marks
Marks may refer to:
Business
* Mark's, a Canadian retail chain
* Marks & Spencer, a British retail chain
* Collective trade marks, trademarks owned by an organisation for the benefit of its members
* Marks & Co, the inspiration for the novel ...
. About 1266, Baldwin Wake owed him a debt of 100 marks and more.
Following a dispute with the
Bishop of Durham
The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York. The diocese is one of the oldest in England and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords. Paul Butler has been the Bishop of Durham ...
, he agreed to provide funds for scholars studying at Oxford. Support for a house of students began in around 1263; further endowments after his death by Dervorguilla, resulted in the establishment of
Balliol College
Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the f ...
.
Issue
John and Dervorguilla had issue:
* Sir Hugh de Balliol, who died without issue before 10 April 1271. He married
Agnes de Valence
Agnes de Valence (born 1250) was a 13th-century noblewoman and daughter of William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
Family
Agnes was born in 1250 and was the youngest daughter of William de Valence and Joan de Munchensi. She was born into a prom ...
, daughter of
William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke
{{Infobox noble, name=William de Valence, christening_date=, noble family=, house-type=, father= Hugh X of Lusignan, mother=Isabella of Angoulême, birth_name=, birth_date=, birth_place=, christening_place=, styles=, death_date=13 June 1296, death ...
.
[SCOTTISH ROYAL LINEAGE – THE HOUSE OF ATHOLL Part 2 of 6](_blank)
urke's Peerage. Retrieved 2007-11-01
* Alan de Balliol, who died before 10 April 1271 without issue.
* Sir Alexander de Balliol, who died without issue before 13 November 1278. He married Eleanor de Genoure.
* King
John I of Scotland
John Balliol ( – late 1314), known derisively as ''Toom Tabard'' (meaning "empty coat" – coat of arms), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered a ...
, successful competitor for the
Crown
A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...
in 1292.
* Ada de Balliol, who married in 1266, William Lindsay of Lamberton, and had a daughter, Christian de Lindsay, who married
Enguerrand V de Coucy
Enguerrand V, Lord of Coucy (-after 1321) inherited the title of Lord of Coucy and castle from his maternal uncle, Enguerrand IV in 1311. He was also lord of Oisy and Montmirail.
Biography
Enguerrand was the second son of Arnould III, Count ...
.
Christian and her husband are the ancestors of
Mary of Guise
Mary of Guise (french: Marie de Guise; 22 November 1515 – 11 June 1560), also called Mary of Lorraine, was a French noblewoman of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine and one of the most powerful families in France. She ...
, the mother of
Mary Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Sco ...
.
* William de Balliol ''le Scot'', who issued John ''le Scot'', ancestor of Scott's of
Scot's Hall
Scot's Hall (or Scott's Hall) was a country house in Smeeth, between Ashford and Folkestone in southeast England. It was the property of a gentry family, the Scotts. The first known resident was Sir John Scott (born 1436), who married Caroline ...
and
Brabourne
Brabourne is a village and civil parish in the Ashford district of Kent, England. The village centre is east of Ashford town centre.
Geography
The village originated around the village church and this area is now usually referred to as Eas ...
. Some sources claim William was a distant cousin, not a son.
* Margaret de Balliol, who may have married Thomas de Moulton.
* Cecily de Balliol (d. before 1273), who married Sir John de Burgh (d. before 3 March 1280) of
Wakerley
Wakerley is a linear village and civil parish in the county of Northamptonshire, England.
Forming part of North Northamptonshire, Wakerley is close to, and south of, the River Welland that forms the boundary with Rutland; its nearest neighbour, ...
,
Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire (; abbreviated Northants.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. In 2015, it had a population of 723,000. The county is administered by
two unitary authorities: North Northamptonshire and West Northamptonshire. It is ...
, by whom she had three daughters, Devorguille de Burgh (c. 1256 – 1284), who in 1259 married
Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter
Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter (1247 – 18 January 1326) was an English Peerage of England, peer.
Life
Robert Fitzwalter was the only son of Sir Walter FitzRobert of Woodham Walter, Essex (son of Robert Fitzwalter), and Ida II Longespé ...
; Hawise de Burgh (d. before 24 March 1299), who married Sir Robert de Grelle (or Grelley) (d. 15 February 1282) of
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
; and Margery de Burgh, who became a nun.
* Mary (or Eleanor) de Balliol, who married
John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch
John Comyn II of Badenoch (died 1302), nicknamed the Black Comyn, was a Scottish nobleman, a Guardian of Scotland, and one of the six Regents for Margaret, Maid of Norway. His father was John Comyn I of Badenoch.
Competitor for the Crown
In 1 ...
, and had a son,
John 'The Red' Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (d. 1306).
* Maud (or Matilda) de Balliol, married to
Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan
Bryan FitzAlan, Baron FitzAlan Knt. (died 1 June 1306) was Lord of the Manor of Bedale in Richmondshire, Askham Bryan in the Ainsty, Bainton, Heworth &c., in Yorkshire, Bicker and Graby in Lincolnshire, a J.P. &c. He was appointed a Guardian ...
, and feudal Baron of
Bedale
Bedale ( ) is a market town and civil parish in the district of Hambleton, North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it is north of Leeds, south-west of Middlesbrough and south-west of the county town of ...
. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of Bedale
[Norcliffe of Langton, M.A., Charles Best, editor, ''The Visitation of ]Yorkshire
Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a Historic counties of England, historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other Eng ...
, 1563-64'' by William Flower, Norroy King of Arms
Norroy and Ulster King of Arms is the Provincial King of Arms at the College of Heralds with jurisdiction over England north of the Trent and Northern Ireland. The two offices of Norroy and Ulster were formerly separate. Norroy King of Arms is t ...
, London, 1881, p. 294 and footnotes (1291–1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of
Piers Gaveston
Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall (c. 1284 – 19 June 1312) was an English nobleman of Gascon origin, and the favourite of Edward II of England.
At a young age, Gaveston made a good impression on King Edward I, who assigned him to the househ ...
,
Earl of Cornwall
The title of Earl of Cornwall was created several times in the Peerage of England before 1337, when it was superseded by the title Duke of Cornwall, which became attached to heirs-apparent to the throne.
Condor of Cornwall
*Condor of Cornwall, ...
.
Notes
References
*
*
*
*
Further reading
*
*
*
External links
History of the Baliol Family in Scotland
{{DEFAULTSORT:Balliol, John I De
Year of birth uncertain
1268 deaths
People associated with Balliol College, Oxford
John I John I may refer to:
People
* John I (bishop of Jerusalem)
* John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople
* John of Antioch (died 441)
* Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526
* John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna
* John I o ...
High Sheriffs of Derbyshire
High Sheriffs of Nottinghamshire
Burials at Sweetheart Abbey
History of Galloway
Founders of colleges of the University of Oxford