John Giles was a British architect. He was born in

Lincoln Lincoln most commonly refers to: * Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the sixteenth president of the United States * Lincoln, England, cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England * Lincoln, Nebraska, the capital of Nebraska, U.S. * Lincoln ...

, probably in 1830, and his family came from Branston near Lincoln. He was articled to the Lincoln architect Pearson Bellamy. He had moved to London by 1859 and with Pearson Bellamy entered a number competitions for major public buildings. Of these only one, for

Grimsby Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby is north-east of Linco ...

Town, was successful. In London he was responsible for a number of major projects including the Langham Hotel. He also started in 1869 on the design of hospitals with the Infirmary to Hampstead Union Workhouse. After a short period of partnership with Lewis Angel, when Stratford Town Hall was built and with Edward Biven, by 1873 he was in partnership with Albert Edward Gough. They were joined in the practice by J E Trollope and they became involved in the design of

Arts and Crafts A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...

housing in London's west end. Giles had business interests in the

City of London The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London fr ...

and was noted in 1867 as being a Director of the Imperial Guardian Life Insurance Company.

Works

Giles initially worked with

Bellamy and Hardy Bellamy and Hardy was an architectural practice in Lincoln, England, Lincoln, England, that specialised particularly in the design of public buildings and Nonconformist (Protestantism), non-conformist chapels. Pearson Bellamy had established his ...

of Lincoln. In 1859 they submitted plans in a competition for the

Manchester Assize Courts The Manchester Assize Courts was a building housing law courts on Great Ducie Street in the Strangeways district of Manchester, England. It was tall and from 1864 to 1877 the tallest building in Manchester. Widely admired, it has been referred to ...

in Great Ducie St. Manchester, but the competition was won by Sir

Alfred Waterhouse Alfred Waterhouse (19 July 1830 – 22 August 1905) was an English architect, particularly associated with the Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, although he designed using other architectural styles as well. He is perhaps best known f ...

with a notable building in the

Venetian Gothic Venetian Gothic is the particular form of Italian Gothic architecture typical of Venice, originating in local building requirements, with some influence from Byzantine architecture, and some from Islamic architecture, reflecting Venice's trading ...

style. Giles and Bellamy and Hardy's proposed building was in the Palazzo revival style. Then in 1861 they were successful in a competition to design Grimsby Town Hall. Giles' practice was first at 2 Verulam Buildings, London in 1864 and he was to move to 28 Craven Street, Charing Cross by 1868. A notable architect articled to Giles was

Charles Bell Sir Charles Bell (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scotland, Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in ...

who came from

Grantham Grantham () is a market and industrial town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road. It lies some 23 miles (37 km) south of the Lincoln and ...

in Lincolnshire. Following this Giles was working by himself and his most notable buildings were: *

Langham Hotel, London The Langham, London, is one of the largest and best known traditional-style grand hotels in London, England. It is situated in the district of Marylebone on Langham Place and faces up Portland Place towards Regent's Park. History The Langha ...

, built between 1863 and 1865 London - April 2009 (3497332002)

*Petersham Hotel, Petersham completed in 1865 Hillfield House, Gloucester (geograph 3833102)

*Torwood, Wimbledon Park, Surrey, a house illustrated in ''

The Builder ''Building'' is one of the United Kingdom's oldest business-to-business magazines, launched as ''The Builder'' in 1843 by Joseph Aloysius Hansom – architect of Birmingham Town Hall and designer of the Hansom Cab. The journal was renamed ''Bu ...

'' * Hillfield House,

Gloucester Gloucester ( ) is a cathedral city and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West of England. Gloucester lies on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean to the west, east of Monmouth and east ...

, a mansion faced in

ashlar Ashlar () is finely dressed (cut, worked) stone, either an individual stone that has been worked until squared, or a structure built from such stones. Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit, generally rectangular cuboid, mentioned by Vitruv ...

Bath stone and built in 1867-69 for the timber merchant Charles Walker. It is in the Italianate style popularised by

Charles Barry Sir Charles Barry (23 May 1795 – 12 May 1860) was a British architect, best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster (also known as the Houses of Parliament) in London during the mid-19th century, but also responsi ...

with a centrally placed tower and an impressive

porte-cochère A porte-cochère (; , late 17th century, literally 'coach gateway'; plural: porte-cochères, portes-cochères) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like ...

entrance. Pevsner describes it as the ''most elaborate Victorian house in Gloucester’’. For some years, it housed local government offices. In 2014 it was sold for use as a residence and was extensively renovated. *

New End Hospital New End Hospital was a hospital in Hampstead, north London. It was founded in 1869 as the infirmary for the Hampstead Union workhouse, and operated until 1986. The buildings have now been redeveloped as housing. History New End Hospital was foun ...

Hampstead, founded in 1869 as the infirmary for the Hampstead Union workhouse, and operated until 1986. The site has been redeveloped but the converted Giles building on Upper Walk remains.

Giles and Angell

For a short time he worked with Lewis Angell, who was the District Surveyor for West Ham. They submitted a design for Stratford Town Hall (now known as Stratford Old Town Hall), beating thirty competing entries. The building was completed in 1869 and extended by Angell in 1881. The building is described as a ''confidently Victorian version of arched

Cinquecento The cultural and artistic events of Italy during the period 1500 to 1599 are collectively referred to as the Cinquecento (, ), from the Italian for the number 500, in turn from , which is Italian for the year 1500. Cinquecento encompasses the s ...

''with rusticated stone ground floor with square headed window openings beneath an upper storey of round arched windows, divided by

Corinthian columns The Corinthian order (Greek: Κορινθιακός ρυθμός, Latin: ''Ordo Corinthius'') is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order w ...

. ''Carried off with considerable panache'' with an asymmetrical 100 ft domed tower. The balustraded parapets are decorated with allegorical figures.

Giles and Biven

By 1866 Giles was in partnership with Edward Biven at 28 Craven Street, when they designed an Infirmary for the St. Pancras Guardians of the Poor. This building is now part of the Highgate Wing of the

Whittington Hospital Whittington Hospital is a district general and teaching hospital of UCL Medical School and Middlesex University School of Health and Social Sciences. Located in Upper Holloway, it is managed by Whittington Health NHS Trust, operating as Whitting ...

Giles and Gough

The Cavendish Building of Homerton College Cambridge, May 2011

By 1873 Giles was in partnership with Albert Edward Gough (died 1908) at Craven Street. The partnership increasingly specialised in asylum, hospital and workhouse architecture. Work by them includes: *The extension wings to the

Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...

workhouse In Britain, a workhouse () was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment. (In Scotland, they were usually known as poorhouses.) The earliest known use of the term ''workhouse'' ...

Cleveland Street, London Cleveland Street in central London runs north to south from Euston Road ( A501) to the junction of Mortimer Street and Goodge Street. It lies within Fitzrovia, in the W1 post code area. Cleveland Street also runs along part of the border betw ...

in 1873 *

Cavendish College, Cambridge Cavendish College, Cambridge was a public hostel of the University of Cambridge, active from 1873 to 1892. Its former buildings now house Homerton College, Cambridge. History Founding It was founded by the British clergyman, educational ...

(now part of

Homerton College Homerton College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Its first premises were acquired in Homerton, London in 1768, by an informal gathering of Protestant dissenters with origins in the seventeenth century. In 1894, the co ...

) in 1876–8. Homerton College, from London, moved into the buildings in 1894. Large, red-brick, Tudor, with asymmetrical Gothic tower, and Gothic Hall windows. *Fulham Workhouse Infirmary. In 1883 Giles and Gough erected a pavilion-plan infirmary at the north of the workhouse site facing onto St Dunstan's road. It was a military hospital in the First World War. Now demolished to make way for the

Charing Cross Hospital Charing Cross Hospital is an acute general teaching hospital located in Hammersmith, London, United Kingdom. The present hospital was opened in 1973, although it was originally established in 1818, approximately five miles east, in central Lond ...

. *

Christ Church, Gipsy Hill Christ Church in Gipsy Hill is an Anglican Church in the London Borough of Lambeth. The remaining part of the original Victorian church building, the tower, which is now a private dwelling is a Grade II Listed Building and occupies a prominent po ...

, London *

Hampstead Hampstead () is an area in London, which lies northwest of Charing Cross, and extends from Watling Street, the A5 road (Roman Watling Street) to Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. The area forms the northwest part of the Lon ...

Giles, Gough and Trollope

By 1888 Giles and Gough were joined by John Evelyn Trollope, an architect who had trained under Sir Arthur William Blomfield. Trollope was to continue the practice at 28 Craven Street after Gough's death in 1908. Trollope died in 1912. The practice expanded considerably at this time, particular building hospitals and mental asylums. Also they built housing in London, in the Queen Anne revival style, normally in red brick and using

terracotta Terracotta, terra cotta, or terra-cotta (; ; ), in its material sense as an earthenware substrate, is a clay-based ceramic glaze, unglazed or glazed ceramic where the pottery firing, fired body is porous. In applied art, craft, construction, a ...

decorative panels. Much of this housing appears to have been designed by John Evelyn Trollope. Buildings by Giles, Gough and Trollope: *

Leicester General Hospital Leicester General Hospital (LGH) is a National Health Service hospital located in the suburb of Evington, about three miles east of Leicester City Centre, and is a part of University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. It has approximately 430 beds ...

The 62-acre site between Crown Hills and Evington village was purchased for £6,920 in 1902, with construction of the hospital beginning on 2 April 1903. The building, designed by Giles, Gough and Trollope, was completed at a cost of £79,575. Main block with a

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

revival central entrance, flanked by long separate wings. *

Hammersmith Hospital Hammersmith Hospital, formerly the Military Orthopaedic Hospital, and later the Special Surgical Hospital, is a major teaching hospital in White City, West London. It is part of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in the London Borough of H ...

. Du Cane Road. (1904), ''A handsome brick and stone building'' in Queen Anne style, four storeys with pedimented windows on the two lower storeys, canted corner bays and raised centre with an elegant clock turret.

Houses

*Aldford House, 63 South Audley Street, London W1 (1890) by J.E. Trollope of Giles, Gough & Trollope. *1-8 Carlos Place, London W1(c1897) by J.E. Trollope of Giles, Gough & Trollope. A four-story quadrant block of houses . . . in free English/Flemish Renaissance style, constructed in red brick, with lavish

Portland stone Portland stone is a limestone from the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building sto ...

dressings with canted bay windows, balustraded parapets and gables, enlivened on alternate houses by bands of red terracotta Renaissance decorative ornament.

Giles and the building of asylums

St Edwards Park, Cheddleton (geograph 4203378)

Following Giles' innovative design for the Coney Hill Hospital in Gloucestershire, Giles became one of the most successful asylum architects, winning eight of the sixteen competitions he entered and coming second in four. Examples of work undertaken by his partnership are: *

Coney Hill Hospital Coney Hill Hospital (also known as Second Gloucestershire County Asylum) was a mental health facility in Gloucester, England. History The hospital site formed part of the Barnwood Mill Estate. It was designed by John Giles & Gough and opened as ...

, Gloucester. Built as the second Gloucestereshire County Asylum. Giles and Gough won a competition to build this in 1879 and it was built in 1881–1883. It was the first asylum to be built in true echelon plan, but was never fully completed. Only the administrative block now survives. * St Augustine's Hospital, Chartham, Kent. The asylum was opened on 5 April 1875. The buildings were completed in 1876 at a total cost of £211,852. Originally built to house 870 patients. *

St Edward's Hospital St Edward's Hospital was a mental health facility at Cheddleton in Staffordshire, England. The hospital closed in 2002 and was converted into apartments and houses. History Background Cheddleton was the third and final county asylum in Staffords ...

, Cheddeleton, Staffordshire. (Giles, Gough and Trollope) Opened 18 August 1899. Echelon layout. It closed in 2002 and has now been converted to housing. Tone Vale Hospital and clock tower

* Tone Vale Hospital, Cotford, Somerset. Tone Vale was founded as the second Somerset County Asylum in 1892, the first Somerset County Asylum near Wells having become overcrowded. The competition to design the asylum was won by Giles Gough and Trollope, and the first patient was admitted in May 1897. * Talgarth Hospital, Powys. The building, designed by Messrs Giles, Gough and Trollope of London, followed the compact echelon or arrow plan and was built at a cost of £126,000. It was opened with public ceremony on 18 March 1903.Save
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Gallery

Town Hall, Grimsby (geograph 2691275).jpg, Town Hall, Grimsby (1861-3) Petersham Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 974200.jpg, alt=Petersham Hotel, Petersham Hotel,

Petersham, London Petersham is a village in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames on the east of the bend in the River Thames south of Richmond, which it shares with neighbouring Ham. It provides the foreground of the scenic view from Richmond Hill ac ...

(1865) The Cavendish Building, Cambridge (Homerton College) 2012.jpg, alt=Cavendish Building, Homerton College, Cambridge, Cavendish Building,

Homerton College, Cambridge Homerton College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Its first premises were acquired in Homerton, London in 1768, by an informal gathering of Protestant dissenters with origins in the seventeenth century. In 1894, the co ...

(1878)