Sir John Oscar Cramer (18 February 189618 May 1994) was an Australian businessman and politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in federal parliament from 1949 to 1974, representing the seat of Bennelong. He served as Minister for the Army in the Menzies government from 1956 to 1963. He was also mayor of North Sydney from 1939 to 1941.

Early life

Cramer was born on 18 February 1896 at Jacob and Joseph Creek near Quirindi, New South Wales. He was the fourth of six children born to Emily Eleanor (née Cullen) and John Nicholas Cramer; his mother was of Scottish and Irish descent and his father of German descent. Cramer grew up on his father's farm, attending Gaspard Public School until the age of fourteen. He assisted his father with farm work and later managed a fruit shop in Quirindi. In 1917 he moved to Sydney and began working as a clerk with

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. He and his brother Charles were talented musicians and singers and provided musical accompaniment to silent films. In 1920, they established a real estate firm, Cramer Bros., with an office at Crows Nest in North Sydney. Later joined by another brother, Reg, they achieved success through several business ventures including a syndicate subdividing land in Willoughby and a partnership in a building firm specialising in apartment blocks.

Early political involvement

Cramer became active in politics during the

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

, joining the All for Australia League which was later incorporated into the United Australia Party (UAP). After the collapse of the UAP in the early 1940s he joined the

Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...

and was an unsuccessful candidate in the seat of Lane Cove at the

1944 New South Wales state election The 1944 New South Wales state election was held on 27 May 1944. It was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and was held on boundaries created at a 1940 redistribution. The election was for all of ...

. He was subsequently involved in the formation of the Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division) and was elected to the party's provisional executive in January 1945. In 1931, Cramer was elected to the

North Sydney Municipal Council North Sydney Council is a local government area on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, established on 29 July 1890 through the amalgamation of three boroughs. The area is bounded by Willoughby to the north and north-w ...

in 1931. He was elected as mayor of North Sydney in 1939 and served until his defeat as an alderman at the December 1941 municipal elections. From 1935 to 1956, Cramer served on the Sydney County Council (3rd/4th Constituency). In 1939 and 1945, he was elected Deputy Chairman, and was later elected for three terms as Chairman of the County Council (1946–1947; 1948–1950).

Federal politics

He was elected to the House of Representatives as the inaugural representative of the seat of Bennelong on its creation in 1949. In 1956, the Prime Minister

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

appointed him Minister for the Army, a portfolio he held until 1963. On 23 January 1956, on his appointment as army minister Cramer resigned his 4th Constituency seat on the county council. Cramer was the only Catholic in the Liberal Party parliamentary team, a fact Menzies would often joke about. In 1964 he was created a Knight Bachelor. He announced his retirement from politics in November 1973, and was succeeded by future prime minister John Howard at the MP for Bennelong at the 1974 election. He died on 18 May 1994, aged 98. Cramer had been the last serving parliamentarian born before Federation, and he was the last surviving former MP who was born in the 19th century.

Personal life

In 1922 he married Mary Therese Earls, a teacher, and his elder by two and a half years. The couple had four children: John, Erle, Bronwyn and Leonie. For her four decades of service as a charity worker and community activist, Lady Cramer was created a

Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...

in 1971. Dame Mary Cramer predeceased her husband by almost a decade, dying on 23 September 1984 (aged 91).

Writings

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cramer, John 1896 births 1994 deaths Politicians from Sydney Deputy mayors of places in Australia Mayors of North Sydney Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Bennelong Members of the Australian House of Representatives Australian Knights Bachelor Australian Roman Catholics 20th-century Australian politicians Councillors of Sydney County Council