![John Clements Fitzpatrick at LOC](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/John_Clements_Fitzpatrick_at_LOC.jpg)
John Clement Fitzpatrick (August 10, 1876 – February 10, 1940) was an
archivist
An archivist is an information professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to Document, records and archives determined to have long-term value. The records maintained by an archivist c ...
and an early American historian, widely regarded as an authority on
George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...
. He was noted for his groundbreaking work editing Washington's diaries and many letters and documents. Appointed by the ''George Washington Bicentennial Commission'' he prevailed over the editorship in his acclaimed 39 volume work, ''The Writings of George Washington'', published between 1931 and 1944. His involvement during this prolonged effort set many of the standards for the management of manuscripts in the
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
. Fitzpatrick died before all the volumes had been published. He belonged to a number of historical societies while also earning honorary degrees from several prominent universities. Fitzpatrick's years of correspondence and other records have provided historians with valuable sources of information on the life of and events surrounding George Washington, and on the history of Washington D.C. for that era.
Early life
Fitzpatrick was born in Washington, D.C. His father was James Nicholas Fitzpatrick who worked as a financial clerk for the U.S. Senate. His mother was Elizabeth Ann Combs. He graduated from Washington High School in 1894 and thereafter worked for three years as a journalist for the ''U.S. Government Daily Advertiser''. He married Elizabeth V. Kelly, later in life in 1922, their marriage producing one daughter, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick Gerrety, born in 1926. Fitzpatrick's wife died in 1933. Elizabeth inherited the Fitzpatrick estate including many of his letters and other writings, which she gave to the Library of Congress.
[ Thornbrough, Cartledge & Brooks, 2008: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, p. 4][ Fitzpatrick Papers:Georgetown University Manuscripts]
Career
Before beginning his academic and historical career, Fitzpatrick worked as an auditor for the United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
and later for the Treasury Department.[ In 1897 he began working at the ]Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
[ and was soon appointed by its Librarian ]John Russell Young
John Russell Young (November 20, 1840 – January 17, 1899) was an American journalist, author, diplomat, and the seventh Librarian of the United States Congress from 1897 to 1899. He was invited by Ulysses S. Grant to accompany him on a worl ...
, as an entry technician, the same year the Library of Congress created its Manuscripts Division. In 1902 he became the assistant chief of the division which grew under his direction to include one the greatest collections of source materials in the world. He had always recognized the importance of establishing the national archives department, serving for a while on the commission to evaluate its role and importance in the academic world.[
Fitzpatrick was given the task of calendaring (an arduous process of indexing manuscripts) the George Washington papers. He finally completed the project in 1909. During this time he assumed greater responsibility for the Manuscripts Division. In 1908 Fitzpatrick was appointed the chief clerk, which placed him in charge of its administrative duties.
In 1918, still with his tenure at the Library, he edited ''The Autobiography of ]Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren ( ; nl, Maarten van Buren; ; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. A primary founder of the Democratic Party (Uni ...
'' which he published in 1920.[ He also edited and published the documentary journals of the ]Continental Congress
The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...
along, George Washington’s diaries and in 1921 wrote, ''Notes on the care, cataloguing, calendaring and arranging of manuscripts'', published by the Library of Congress. He remained chief clerk until his departure in 1928 to preside over the George Washington Bicentennial Commission, founded by Congress to celebrate the coming 200th anniversary in 1932 of George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...
's birth in 1731. His resignation was also prompted by being passed over to become chief of the newly formed Manuscripts Division in favor of historian John Franklin Jameson. Among the Commission's projects was the publication of the monumental Writings of Washington, which was compiled and edited over a twelve-year period by Fitzpatrick. Under his direction the commission conducted a thorough investigation of all available books, pamphlets, reports, and other material relating to the life and times of George Washington. Due to the wide-ranging field associated with Washington the commission was required to examine the requirements they would follow in the selection of material, while also making sure they didn't exclude any essential data. After being transcribed to print, edited and printed the individual volumes would in turn be published over a twelve-year period under the authority of Congress and the George Washington Bicentennial Commission. While working on the Washington's writings project Fitzpatrick was invited to speak about his involvement at a special meeting and celebration sponsored by the George Washington Bicentennial Commission on May 7, 1932.
Fitzpatrick was awarded honorary degrees from Saint Mary's College, George Washington University
, mottoeng = "God is Our Trust"
, established =
, type = Private federally chartered research university
, academic_affiliations =
, endowment = $2.8 billion (2022)
, preside ...
, and Washington and Lee University
, mottoeng = "Not Unmindful of the Future"
, established =
, type = Private liberal arts university
, academic_affiliations =
, endowment = $2.092 billion (2021)
, president = William C. Dudley
, provost = Lena Hill
, city = Lexingto ...
.[ His scholarly pursuits primarily involved the ]American Revolution
The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolut ...
, and ventured outside this realm only once to edit and publish the ''Autobiography of Martin Van Buren''. History being his primary interest Fitzpatrick was a prominent member of the New York Historical Society, the American Irish Historical Society
The American Irish Historical Society (AIHS) is a historical society devoted to Irish American history that was founded in Boston in the late 19th century. Non-partisan and non-sectarian since its inception in 1897, it maintains the most complete ...
, and the American Academy of Political and Social Science
The American Academy of Political and Social Science (AAPSS) was founded in 1889 to promote progress in the social sciences. Sparked by Professor Edmund J. James and drawing from members of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, Swarthmo ...
. He was known to have a few ardent interests besides history, which included art and religion and he belonged to the American Artists Professional League The American Artists Professional League (AAPL) is an American organization that promotes artists and their works. It was formed in 1928 in New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of Unite ...
. He was also president of the American Catholic Historical Society from 1928–1929,[ and a member of ''L'Institut Français de Washington'', In 1928 he was accepted into the ]American Antiquarian Society
The American Antiquarian Society (AAS), located in Worcester, Massachusetts, is both a learned society and a national research library of pre-twentieth-century American history and culture. Founded in 1812, it is the oldest historical society in ...
, however he could rarely be persuaded to leave his work in Washington to participate in their meetings.[ American Antiquarian Society, proceedings, 1940 pp.13–14]
Fitzpatrick died at the relatively young age of 63 on February 10, 1940, while editing the 29th volume (of a 39-volume work) of ''The Writings of George Washington'', taken from Washington's original manuscripts, letters, records and journals. Publishing the numerous individual volumes took several years. When Fitzpatrick died only twenty six of the volumes had been published while the remaining volumes were still in page proof and not yet ready for publication.[ Fitzpatrick is buried at the ]Congressional Cemetery
The Congressional Cemetery, officially Washington Parish Burial Ground, is a historic and active cemetery located at 1801 E Street, SE, in Washington, D.C., on the west bank of the Anacostia River. It is the only American "cemetery of national m ...
in Washington DC.
Fitzpatrick papers
The papers of John Clement Fitzpatrick range from 1927 to 1941: They consist of general correspondence with a wide range of people, including New York Congressman Sol Bloom
Sol Bloom (March 9, 1870March 7, 1949) was an American song-writer and politician from New York City who began his career as an entertainment impresario and sheet music publisher in Chicago. He served fourteen terms in the United States House of ...
, director of the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission, and lend themselves to a variety of Washington related topics. The bulk of his correspondence is dated between 1927 and 1941 and primarily relate to Fitzpatrick's undertakings while editor of his widely acclaimed, ''The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799'', prepared under the direction of the George Washington Bicentennial Commission. They include letters concerning the locations of original Washington documents which were to be published in his forthcoming 39-volume work, along with correspondence with the Government Printing Office relating to their printing. In 1932, the bicentennial of Washington's birth, interest in Washington's life was greatly renewed, prompting thousands of letters of inquiry into virtually every aspect of Washington's personal and professional life. Fitzpatrick's replies to these wide-ranging questions are a valuable source of information on Washington. His letters of reply provided information on Washington's appearance and his dental problems along with valuable information regarding Washington's birthday, birthplace, life mask, death, burial and grave sites, and provided information to inquiries about his education along with Washington's ideas about education, his library, service sword, bookplate, the family coat of arms and the genealogy of the Washington family. Fitzpatrick's papers were given to the Library of Congress shortly after his death by his sister, Katherine F. Rodgers, in 1940. Some of the papers were transferred from the Library of Congress Archives to the Manuscript Division in 1988. The Fitzpatrick Papers were arranged into five separate categories: The John C. Fitzpatrick Series, the 'Fitzpatrick and Combs Families Series', the 'Elizabeth F. Gerrety Series', a 'Photographs Series', along with the 'Oversized Series'. The series contains information covering the Fitzpatrick and Combs families offering historical insights to anyone with an interest in the history of Washington D.C. for the time period.[ Fitzpatrick was affectionately referred to by the Library of Congress staff as "Uncle Sam's authority on Washingtonia."][
]
Works by Fitzpatrick
The writings of George Washington
* Washington, George (1931) '' 'The writings of George Washington' '' were transcribed from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799, in 39 volumes; There have been 63 printings published between 1931 and 2007.
See also: George Washington Bicentennial Commission publications for access to any given volume.
The diaries of Washington
*
*
*
*
:(18 editions published between 1925 and 2005)
Other writings
* The autobiography of Martin Van Buren by Martin Van Buren: 21 editions published between 1920 and 2010.
* Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789 by United States: 12 editions published between 1909 and 2013.
* Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, with the Continental Congress by Library of Congress: 16 editions published between 1906 and 1970.
* The spirit of the revolution; new light from some of the original sources of American history by John Clement Fitzpatrick: 14 editions published between 1924 and 1970.
* Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army, with the officers ... by Library of Congress: 28 editions published in 1915.
* October 21, 1779 – February 9, 1780 by George Washington: 209 editions published between 1756 and 1970.
* George Washington himself; a common-sense biography written from his manuscripts by John Clement Fitzpatrick: 13 editions published between 1933 and 1975.
* List of the Washington manuscripts from the year 1592 to 1775 by United States: 17 editions published in 1919.
* The last will and testament of George Washington and schedule of his property, to which is appended the last will and testament of Martha Washington by George Washington: 12 editions published between 1939 and 1992.
* Calendar of the papers of Franklin Pierce by Wilmer Ross Leech: 3 editions published in 1917.
* Check list of collections of personal papers in historical societies, university and public libraries and other learned institutions in the United States by Library of Congress: 4 editions published in 1918.
* List of the Vernon-Wager manuscripts in the Library of Congress by Library of Congress: 3 editions published in 1904.
* Some historic houses, their builders and their places in history by John Clement Fitzpatrick: 4 editions published between 1939 and 1940.
* George Washington, colonial traveller, 1732–1775 by George Washington: 3 editions published in 1927.
* (19 printings published between 1913 and 1934)
* George Washington's accounts of expenses while commander-in-chief of the Continental army, 1775–1783, reproduced in facsimile, with annotations by George Washington: 4 editions published in 1917.
* Journals of the Continental Congress by United States[ Online Computer Library Center, Inc.; Research Works, 2010]
See also
* Worthington C. Ford
Worthington Chauncey Ford (February 15, 1858 – March 7, 1941) was an American historian, archivist and editor of a number of collections of documents from early American history. He served in a variety of government positions: first, as the ch ...
– archivist of Washington and early American history
* William Wright Abbot
William Wright Abbot III (May 20, 1922August 31, 2009) was an American archivist and historian, widely noted for his work compiling and editing The Washington Papers. After his undergraduate study, he joined the U.S. Navy and served in the Pacifi ...
– archivist who did extensive work editing and publishing papers of George Washington
* Howard Henry Peckham
Howard Henry Peckham, (July 13, 1910 – July 6, 1995) was a professor and historian and an authority on colonial and early American history who published a number of works on those subjects. His academic career encompassed a wide variety of invo ...
– prominent early American archivist
* Peter Force
Peter Force (November 26, 1790 – January 23, 1868) was an American politician, newspaper editor, printer, archivist, and early American historian. He was twice elected the twelfth Mayor of Washington D.C. During his lifetime he ama ...
– mid 19th century archivist who amassed one of the biggest collections of documents on the American Revolution.
* Bibliography of George Washington
This bibliography of George Washington is a selected list of written and published works about George Washington (1732–1799). A recent count has estimated the number of books about George Washington at some nine hundred; add scholarly articles ...
* Manuscript culture
* Archive
An archive is an accumulation of historical records or materials – in any medium – or the physical facility in which they are located.
Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or ...
and Archival research
Archival research is a type of research which involves seeking out and extracting evidence from archival records. These records may be held either in collecting institutions, such as libraries and museums, or in the custody of the organization ( ...
* List of American historians
* The Washington Papers
The Washington Papers, also known as The Papers of George Washington'','' is a project dedicated to the publication of comprehensive letterpress and digital editions of George and Martha Washington’s papers. Founded at the University of Virginia ...
* William L. Clements Library – holds one of the largest collections of rare books and manuscripts on early American history
* James Kendall Hosmer
James Kendall Hosmer (January 29, 1834 – May 11, 1927) Leonard & Marquis, 1899, p. 351 was an American (Union) soldier during the American Civil War, a pastor, library director, historian, author and a professor of history and literature. Mem ...
, writer, historian and librarian
Notes
References
Sources
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* (19 printings published between 1913 and 1934)
External links
United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission
Hathi Trust: Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzpatrick, John
1876 births
1940 deaths
American historians
Historians of the American Revolution
American librarians
People from Washington, D.C.