John Chapman Andrew (9 March 1822 – 7 December 1907) was a 19th-century
Church of England
The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain ...
priest,
Oxford don,
educationist
Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Var ...
,
pastoralist and
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
in New Zealand.
Born a Yorkshireman, well-educated, he emigrated with his new wife, Emma, to New Zealand in 1856 aged 34 and they took full part in the development of the new colony's important institutions.
Early life and family
Andrew was born at
Whitby
Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a maritime, mineral and tourist heritage. Its East Clif ...
,
North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is the largest ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county (lieutenancy area) in England, covering an area of . Around 40% of the county is covered by National parks of the United Kingdom, national parks, including most of ...
, England. His parents were James Andrew, an Anglican clergyman, and Jane Chapman, of the Chapman banking family (grand daughter of John Chapman – Simpson, Chapman and Co.). He obtained a scholarship to
University College, Oxford
University College (in full The College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as "Univ") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the unive ...
and graduated
BA and
MA in 1844 and 1847, respectively.
Andrew was preceded at Oxford University by his elder brother William who won a fellowship at
Worcester College
Worcester College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes, 2nd Baronet (1648–1701) of Norgrove, Worcestershire, whose coat of arms w ...
and was followed by his younger brother James who distinguished himself in the classics. In later life James became a well known surgeon at
St Bartholemew's and a noted medical author; he was subsequently elected a fellow of
Wadham College
Wadham College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is located in the centre of Oxford, at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road.
Wadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy W ...
.
In 1848, Andrew was ordained priest. He had become a fellow of
Lincoln College, Oxford, and vicar of
St Michael at the North Gate at the comparatively young age of mid 20s.
On 6 December 1855, Andrew married Emma Fendall, youngest daughter of
Henry Fendall, vicar of
Crambe
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flowe ...
.
and of the Fendall banking family (grand daughter of
William Fendall, Old Bank). The marriage broke the tradition of celibacy for Fellows of Lincoln College, so Andrew had to resign. The couple emigrated to New Zealand, arriving at
Lyttelton on the ''Westminster'' on 7 June 1856.
Other Fendalls went to New Zealand before them, and the
Christchurch
Christchurch ( ; mi, Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region. Christchurch lies on the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula on Pegasus Bay. The Avon River / ...
suburb of
Fendalton
Fendalton is a suburb of Christchurch, in the South Island of New Zealand.
History
Fendalton was originally known as Fendall Town, named after the original settler of the land, Walpole Chesshyre Fendall (1830–1913). Fendall emigrated from Y ...
is named after the original landholding of her brother
Walpole.
Member of Parliament
He was on the
Wellington Provincial Council
Wellington Province, governed by the Wellington Provincial Council, was one of the provinces of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. It covered much of the southern half of the North Island until November ...
, representing the Wairarapa East electorate from 1867 to 1876.
He represented the
Wairarapa
The Wairarapa (; ), a geographical region of New Zealand, lies in the south-eastern corner of the North Island, east of metropolitan Wellington and south-west of the Hawke's Bay Region. It is lightly populated, having several rural service ...
electorate from
1871 to 1877, when he resigned.
As a parliamentarian he was a strong advocate of enfranchising the right for women to vote and active on educational issues.
Educationalist
He was also an educationalist; an Anglican priest he was known as "Parson Andrew" in
Nelson, New Zealand
(Let him, who has earned it, bear the palm)
, image_map = Nelson CC.PNG
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where he was head of
Nelson College
Nelson College is the oldest state secondary school in New Zealand. It is an all-boys school in the City of Nelson that teaches from years 9 to 13. In addition, it runs a private preparatory school for year 7 and 8 boys. The school also has ...
, and he was a supporter of the new
University of New Zealand
The University of New Zealand was New Zealand's sole degree-granting university from 1874 to 1961. It was a collegiate university embracing several constituent institutions at various locations around New Zealand. After it was dissolved in 196 ...
.
Andrew's role within the University of New Zealand was a supporter of its inception as a member of the house of representatives advocating a federal university structure for New Zealand. He was appointed to The University of New Zealand senate in 1874 and then appointed as Vice Chancellor of The University of New Zealand in 1885, he maintained the position of Vice Chancellor until 1903.
Andrew oversaw the founding and establishment of
Victoria University College
Victoria University of Wellington ( mi, Te Herenga Waka) is a university in Wellington, New Zealand. It was established in 1897 by Act of Parliament, and was a constituent college of the University of New Zealand.
The university is well know ...
(now Victoria University of Wellington) as Victoria University's founding Vice Chancellor and was a vocal advocate for a University of New Zealand college being established in Wellington, as Wellington was the capital of New Zealand.
Andrew received three honorary degrees, one from the University of New Zealand, one from the University of Melbourne and one from the University of Sydney. He later returned to Oxford University and had his Robes returned as the policies on marriage of the Oxford Dons had changed and he had also been widely recognised as the Vice Chancellor of The University of New Zealand. He described his return and restoration of his Oxford robes as the most satisfying moment of his life.
Ica Station
Andrew purchased a pastoral farming estate in the Wairarapa on the north bank of the
Whareama river near
Tinui and
Castlepoint which he built up until in 1889 he was taxed on 18,170 acres. The bales of wool it produced were shipped from Castlepoint to London with his initials as their identifying mark. As a scholar of ancient Greek literature and Oxford University lecturer in ancient Greek and named John
(Ioannis) it was his habit to write his initials I.C.A. and Ica (eye-car) soon came to be the recognised name of his
station.
References
External links
'Women's suffrage time line'*
'Obituary Evening Post''J C Andrew Nelson Address'Constituent banks of Barclays – Simpson, Chapman and Co'John Chapman – Simpson, hapman and Co.''Gloucester, 1720–1835 Economic development 1792–1835 – William Fendall Old Bank'notification of conferment of honorary degree 1901'' notification of honorary degree 1903'
{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrew, John
Independent MPs of New Zealand
Members of the Wellington Provincial Council
New Zealand farmers
University of New Zealand faculty
People from Whitby
1822 births
1907 deaths
Nelson College faculty
English emigrants to New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
19th-century New Zealand politicians
Heads of schools in New Zealand