John Bowles (1751 – 30 October 1819 in

Bath Bath may refer to: * Bathing, immersion in a fluid ** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body ** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe * Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities Plac ...

) was an English barrister and author. He is known as an opponent of

Jacobinism A Jacobin (; ) was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution (1789–1799). The club got its name from meeting at the Dominican rue Saint-Honoré M ...

, a prominent conservative writer after the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

Life

Bowles gained his bachelor of laws degree on 25 March 1779 from the

University of Douai The University of Douai (french: Université de Douai) ( nl, Universiteit van Dowaai) is a former university in Douai, France. With a medieval heritage of scholarly activities in Douai, the university was established in 1559 and lectures started ...

and the university licensed him on 11 May 1781. As a law student in London he frequented the Robin Hood Debating Society. He was a leading committee member and pamphleteer of John Reeves's

Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers #REDIRECT Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers #REDIRECT Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers {{R from miscapitalisation ...

{{R from miscapitalisation ...

Works

He attacked

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

: "...he has not only been long actuated by, but...he formerly gloried in avowing, an implacable animosity and rooted hatred to this country; and ''that'' not merely to its Government but to its interests, its welfare, its national character, its national honour, its commercial and naval greatness". When Bowles sent

Edmund Burke Edmund Burke (; 12 January NS.html"_;"title="New_Style.html"_;"title="/nowiki>New_Style">NS">New_Style.html"_;"title="/nowiki>New_Style">NS/nowiki>_1729_–_9_July_1797)_was_an_ NS.html"_;"title="New_Style.html"_;"title="/nowiki>New_Style"> ...

a collection of his pamphlets against peace with France, Burke wrote to Bowles in March 1796:

You have gone to the bottom of the Subject, with intelligence, perspicuity, force and Eloquence. I really do not know, that I have done any thing more than to follow in your Track. The whole substance of the Cause is to be found from the 14th to the 23rd page of your ''Further Reflexions''. I cannot think my publication necessary. If what you have written will not prevent this Nation from bringing on itself the sure punishment of its faults, nothing I can publish, will be of the least use.

*''Considerations on the Respective Rights of Judge and Jury: Particularly upon Trials for Libel'' (1791). *''A Letter to the Right Hon. Charles James Fox; occasioned by his late Motion in the House of Commons respecting Libels'' (1791). *''A Protest Against Thomas Paine's Rights of Man'' (1792). *''A Second Letter to the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, upon the Matter of Liberal'' (1792). *''Dialogues on the Rights of Britons, between a Farmer, a Sailor, and a Manufacturer—in three parts'' (1792). *''The Real Grounds of the Present War with France'' (1793). *''A Short Answer to the Declaration of the Persons Calling Themselves the Friends of the Liberty of the Press'' (1793). *''Farther Reflections submitted to the Consideration of the Combined Powers'' (1794). *''Objections to the Continuance of the War Examined and Refuted'', 2nd edition (1794). *''Reflections Submitted to the Consideration of the Combined Powers'' (1794). *''The Dangers of Premature Peace'' (1795). *''Thoughts on the Origin and Formation of Political Constitutions. Suggested by the recent attempt to frame another new constitution for France'' (1795). *''Two Letters Addressed to a British Merchant, a short time before the meeting of the new Parliament in 1796'' (1795). *''French aggression, proved from Mr Erskine's ‘View of the causes of the war’; with reflections on the original character of the French revolution, and on the supposed durability of the French republic'' (1797). *''A Third Letter to a British Merchant; containing reflections on the foreign and domestic politics of this country, together with strictures on the conduct of opposition'' (1797). *''Postscript to ‘The Real Grounds’'' (1798). *''Letters of the Ghost of Alfred, Addressed to the Hon. Thomas Erskine, and the Hon. Charles James Fox, on the Occasion of the State Trials at the Close of the Year 1794, and the Beginning of the year 1795'' (1798) *''The Retrospect; or, A Collection of Tracts, Published at various periods of the war'' (1798). *''Reflections on the Political State of Society at the Commencement of the Year 1800'' (1800). *''Reflections at the Conclusion of the War'', 2nd edition (1801). *''Reflections on the Political and Moral State of Society, at the close of the eighteenth century'' (1801). *''Remarks on Modern Female Manners, as Distinguished by Indifference to Character, and Indecency of Dress'' (1802). *''Thoughts on the late General Election, as demonstrative of the Progress of Jacobinism, etc.'' (1802). *''A View of the Moral State of Society at the Close of the Eighteenth Century'' (1804). *''A Dispassionate Inquiry into the Best Means of National Safety'' (1806).

Life

Works

See also

Notes

Further reading