John Bate Cardale (1802–1877) was an English religious leader, the first apostle of the

Catholic Apostolic Church The Catholic Apostolic Church (CAC), also known as the Irvingian Church, is a Christian denomination and Protestant sect which originated in Scotland around 1831 and later spread to Germany and the United States.Rugby School Rugby School is a public school (English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13–18) in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up ...

and in 1818 joined his father's law firm, though he would have preferred to take holy orders. When he qualified as a solicitor on 8 July 1824 his father retired. Cardale's religious beliefs were evangelical and, like other such believers, he was excited by reports of healings and

glossolalia Speaking in tongues, also known as glossolalia, is a practice in which people utter words or speech-like sounds, often thought by believers to be languages unknown to the speaker. One definition used by linguists is the fluid vocalizing of sp ...

taking place in

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...

in 1830. He visited

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

in August and, on his return, reported favourably on the phenomena. In October he opened his home for prayer meetings, where similar "outpouring of the Spirit" took place. In April 1831 Cardale's wife, Emma Cate nee Plummer, followed by others, began to prophesy and "sing in the Spirit". However, their Anglican priest rejected the authenticity of the gifts and Cardale stopped attending his regular church and began attending the Caledonian Church in Regent Square, where

Edward Irving Edward Irving (4 August 17927 December 1834) was a Scottish clergyman, generally regarded as the main figure behind the foundation of the Catholic Apostolic Church. Early life Edward Irving was born at Annan, Annandale the second son of Ga ...

was more sympathetic and permitted similar manifestations to occur in his church. Irving's trustees were not pleased with his management of the church, so they brought the matter before the London presbytery. Cardale acted as Irving's solicitor but was unsuccessful in preventing their expulsion, so finally in October 1832 Irving's congregation moved to a church in Newman Street. The new church community began to call itself the

Catholic Apostolic Church The Catholic Apostolic Church (CAC), also known as the Irvingian Church, is a Christian denomination and Protestant sect which originated in Scotland around 1831 and later spread to Germany and the United States.Irvingites. Cardale was soon proclaimed as an "apostle" in prophecy by members of the congregation. He became the first of 12 such apostles, who were given responsibility for the church's government. On 14 July 1835 the 12 apostles gathered in Newman Street for the 'Separation of the Apostles'. From 1840 they gathered in the council chamber of a cathedral church that had been newly built for them by Henry Drummond at Albury near Guildford. In 1836 the Christian world was divided by prophecy into twelve regions or "tribes", for each of which an apostle would be responsible. England (or Judah), the seat of apostolic government, was allocated to Cardale, the "Pillar of the Apostles". By then he had retired from active legal work in 1834 and remained in England while his fellow apostles travelled far and wide. In 1839, when the apostles' authority was questioned by some members of the church, Cardale acted decisively: he recalled his fellow apostles and discontinued the regular meetings of the Council of the Churches, in which critical voices had been raised. The end of the church's prophetical element was underlined by the adoption in 1843 of an elaborate new liturgy. This was mainly the product of Cardale's efforts and it reflected his researches into the Eastern and Catholic offices, as well as the Anglican rites of his upbringing. The church's liturgy was enlarged in 1846 to include the rite of "sealing". In 1851 Cardale published the ''Readings upon the Liturgy'' in which he extensively describes the various source for the liturgy and how the must be conducted. Around 1860 John Bate Cardale and

Edward Wilton Eddis Edward Wilton Eddis (* 10 May 1825, Islington; † 18 October 1905, Toronto) was a poet and prophet in the Catholic Apostolic Church at Westminster, London and co-author of the ''Hymns for the Use of the Churches'', the hymnal of the Catholic Apo ...

participated in the committee that edited the first Catholic Apostolic Hymnal: ''Hymns for the Use of the Churches'' which appeared in 1864 for the first time.Cardale in committee Hymn-book
apostolische-dokumente.de, retrieved 26 October 2014 For 35 years Cardale ministered to Catholic Apostolic congregations throughout the United Kingdom. When the apostle Henry King-Church died in 1865, Cardale accepted responsibility for

Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion#Europe, subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, ...

and taught himself Danish. In 1867 he worked for a time in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...

. He died at his home on 18 July 1877 and was buried in Albury churchyard. J. B. Cardale and his wife Emma had 9 children.

References

*Timothy C. F. Stunt, Cardale, John Bate (1802–1877)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 *J. Lancaster, ''John Bate Cardale, Pillar of Apostles'', dissertation, University of St Andrew, 1978 *D. J. Tierney, ''The Catholic Apostolic church: a study in tory millenarianism'', Historical Research, 63 (1990), 289–313. *E. Miller, ''The history and doctrines of Irvingism'', (1878) *R. A. Davenport, ''Albury Apostles'', (1974) *C. G. Flegg, ''Gathered under apostles: a study of the Catholic Apostolic church'' (1992) *P. E. Shaw, ''The Catholic Apostolic church, sometimes called Irvingite'' (1946) *T. C. F. Stunt, ''From awakening to secession: radical evangelicals in Switzerland and Britain, 1815–35'' (2000) {{DEFAULTSORT:Cardale, John Bate 1802 births 1877 deaths Irvingites