John Babington Macaulay Baxter (February 16, 1868 – December 27, 1946) was a

New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...

lawyer, jurist and the 19th

premier of New Brunswick The premier of New Brunswick ( French (masculine): ''premier ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick'', or feminine: ''première ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick'') is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The ...

. Baxter served in the

Canadian Army The Canadian Army (french: Armée canadienne) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also respo ...

and was the author of ''Historical Records of the New Brunswick Regiment, Royal Artillery'', the unit he commanded from 1907 to 1912. He also had a keen interest in

genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...

and in 1943 the

New Brunswick Museum The New Brunswick Museum, located in Saint John, New Brunswick, is Canada's oldest continuing museum. The New Brunswick Museum was incorporated as the "Provincial Museum" in 1929 and received its current name in 1930, but its history goes back muc ...

published his book titled ''Simon Baxter - The first United Empire Loyalist to settle in New Brunswick, (Canada)''. Born in

Saint John, New Brunswick Saint John is a seaport city of the Atlantic Ocean located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Saint John is the oldest incorporated city in Canada, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign of Ki ...

, John Baxter served on the municipal council for eighteen years from 1892 to 1910. A

Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...

member, he was elected to the

32nd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly The 32nd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between April 30, 1908, and May 25, 1912. Lemuel John Tweedie served as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick. D. Morrison was chosen as speaker in 1908. G.J. Clarke became spea ...

in 1911. He was appointed

Attorney-General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general or attorney-general (sometimes abbreviated AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. The plural is attorneys general. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have exec ...

of the province, holding that office from 1915 to 1917. He entered federal politics and served as Minister of Customs and Excise under

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen (; June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Canada from 1920 to 1921 and from June to September 1926. He led the Conservative Party from 1920 to 1926 and fro ...

in 1921 before taking over the leadership of the provincial Conservative party and leading it to victory in 1925. Baxter was a leader of the

Maritime Rights Movement The Maritime Rights Movement arose in the 1920s in response to perceived unfair economic policies in Canada that were affecting the economies of the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. At a time of rural protest in Can ...

which expressed the discontent felt by the maritime provinces concerning their loss of influence in the

Canadian confederation Canadian Confederation (french: Confédération canadienne, link=no) was the process by which three British North American provinces, the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, were united into one federation called the Canada, Dom ...

dominated by the provinces of

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

and

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

. He left politics in 1931 and was appointed Chief Justice of the New Brunswick Supreme Court in 1935 serving until his death. His son,

John B. M. Baxter, Jr. John Babington Macaulay Baxter, Junior (November 4, 1924 – March 9, 2000) known as J.B.M. Baxter Jr. and Jack Baxter, was a politician in New Brunswick, Canada. He served as minister of a variety of portfolios under Premier of New Brunswick ...

, later served in the cabinet of

Richard Hatfield Richard Bennett Hatfield (April 9, 1931 – April 26, 1991) was a New Brunswick politician and the longest serving premier of New Brunswick from 1970 to 1987.Richard Starr, ''Richard Hatfield, The Seventeen Year Saga,'' 1987, Early life T ...

. He is the great grandfather of Luke Macaulay Baxter, the son of Kirk Macaulay Baxter. He died in West Saint John in 1946 at 78.

References

External links

*
Government of New Brunswick biography
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baxter, John Babington Macaulay 1868 births 1946 deaths Premiers of New Brunswick Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs Lawyers in New Brunswick Judges in New Brunswick Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada Saint John, New Brunswick city councillors Canadian King's Counsel

References

Further reading

External links