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Karl Hermann Johannes Thiele (1 October 1860 – 5 August 1935) was a German
zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...
specialized in
malacology Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, ...
. Thiele was born in Goldap,
East Prussia East Prussia ; german: Ostpreißen, label=Low Prussian; pl, Prusy Wschodnie; lt, Rytų Prūsija was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 187 ...
. His ''Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde'' (
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
edition published by the Smithsonian under the title ''Handbook of Systematic Malacology'') is a standard work. From 1904 until his retirement in 1925 he was the curator of the malacological collection at the Museum für Naturkunde (Museum of Natural History) in Berlin. Thiele described more than 1.500 new species of molluscs; until today their types are deposited with the Museum of Natural History in Berlin. Especially important are his works on the Mollusca of the
First German Antarctica Expedition The ''Gauss'' expedition of 1901–1903 (also known as the ''Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903)'' was the first German expedition to Antarctica. It was led by geologist Erich von Drygalski in the ship , named after the mathematician and p ...
and of the German Deep Sea Expedition aboard the vessel Valdivia. Thiele's classification of
Gastropoda The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. ...
has been in use up to the past decade. It modified an earlier concept of
Henri Milne-Edwards Henri Milne-Edwards (23 October 1800 – 29 July 1885) was an eminent French zoologist. Biography Henri Milne-Edwards was the 27th child of William Edwards, an English planter and colonel of the militia in Jamaica and Elisabeth Vaux, a Frenchw ...
(1848) with three subclasses:
Prosobranchia Prosobranchia was a large taxonomic subclass of sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. This taxon of gastropods dates back to the 1920s. It has however been proven to be polyphyletic (consisting of more than one lineage of descent). Gen ...
,
Opisthobranchia Opisthobranchs () is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping. Euopisth ...
and
Pulmonata Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
. Thiele's classification was based on overall similarity between the species. This classification has been modified over the years, one recent example being the classification of Ponder & Lindberg, 1997, based on phylogenetic arguments. He became the first to describe '' Geodia exigua'' in 1898.


Bibliography

* 1891–1893. ''Das Gebiss der Schnecken, zur Begründung einer natürlichen Classification''. Bd. 2, 402 p., Berlin (Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung. (Continuation of the work started by
Franz Hermann Troschel Franz Hermann Troschel (10 October 1810 – 6 November 1882) was a German zoologist born in Spandau. He studied mathematics and natural history at the University of Berlin, where he was awarded his doctorate in 1834.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; ...
in 1866–1879). ** 1891. ''Das Gebiis der Schnecken, zur Begründung einer natürlichen Classification''. Nicolai, Berlin, 2(7): 249–334, plates 25–28. ** 1893. ''Das Gebiis der Schnecken, zur Begründung einer natürlichen Classification''. Nicolai, Berlin, 2(8): 337–409, plates 29–32. * 1891. ''Die Stammesverwandtschaft der Mollusken''. Ein Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Tiere. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 25, 480–543. * 1892. ''Wurmmollusken''. Sitzungsberichte der naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft ISIS in Dresden 1892, 3–4. * 1894. ''Über die Zungen einiger Landdeckelschnecken''. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 26, 23–25. * 1894. Beiträge zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Amphineuren. I. Über einige Neapler Solenogastres. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 58, 222–302. * 1895. ''Hemitrichia guimarasensis'' n. sp. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 27, 131–132. * 1895bÜber die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Amphineuren. Biologisches Centralblatt 15, 859–869. * 1897. Zwei australische Solenogastres. Zoologischer Anzeiger 19, 398–400. * 1900. Verzeichnis der von Herrn Dr. Alfred Voeltzkow gesammelten marinen und litoralen Mollusken. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 26, 241–252. * 1900. ''Proneomenia thulensis'' n. sp.. In: Fauna Artica, Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 (Römer, F. &
Fritz Schaudinn Fritz Richard Schaudinn (19 September 1871 – 22 June 1906) was a German zoologist. Born in Röseningken, East Prussia, he co-discovered, with Erich Hoffmann in 1905, the causative agent of syphilis, ''Spirochaeta pallida'' (also known as ''Trep ...
, ed.), vol. 1, 111–116. * 1902. ''Proneomenia amboinensis'' n. sp. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 8, 733–738. * 1906. Zwei neue ''Macrodontes''-Arten. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 38, 69–71 * Martens & Thiele, J. 1908. Beschreibung einiger im östlichen Borneo von Dr. Martin Schmidt gesammelten Land- und Süßwasser-Conchylien. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4, 251–291. * Thiele & Jaeckel 1931. Muscheln der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 (Chun, C. ed.), vol. 21, No. 1,
Gustav Fischer Verlag Elsevier () is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell (journal), Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, ...
, Jena. * 1910. Molluskenfauna Westindiens. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere Suppl.11, 109–132. * 1910. Eine arabische Ennea und Bemerkungen über andere Arten. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 6, 280–284. * 1911. Mollusken der deutschen Zentralafrika-Expedition. In: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Zentralafrika-Expedition 1907 bis 1908, vol. 3, 175–214. * 1911. Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger südwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, vol. Band III, Lieferung 11, Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen und Dr. R. Hartmeyer, Verlag von Gustav Fischer Verlag in Jena. * 1912
Die antarktischen Schnecken und Muscheln
In: Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903 (
Erich von Drygalski Erich Dagobert von Drygalski (; February 9, 1865 – January 10, 1949) was a German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist, born in Königsberg, East Prussia. Between 1882 and 1887, Drygalski studied mathematics and natural science at t ...
, E.v. ed.), vol. 8, No. 5, Georg Reimer, Berlin. * 1920. Familia
Limidae The Limidae or file shells are members of the only family of bivalve molluscs in the order Limida. The family includes 130 living species, assigned to 10 genera. Widely distributed in all seas from shallow to deep waters, the species are usua ...
. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz (Küster, H.C.,
Wilhelm Kobelt Wilhelm Kobelt (20 February 1840 – 26 March 1916) was a German zoologist born in Alsfeld, Grand Duchy of Hesse. He specialized in the field of malacology. Kobelt is remembered for his work as curator of the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am ...
& Fritz Haas ed.), vol. 7, No. 2, Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg. * 1925
Thiele J., 1925. Gastropoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In:. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer “Valdivia” 1898–1899 II. Teil, vol. 17, No. 2, Gustav Fischer, Berlin
* 1927. Über die Familie Assimineidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 53, 113–146. * 1927. Über einige brasilianische Landschnecken. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 40, 305–329. * 1928. Revision des Systems der Hydrobiiden und Melaniiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 55, 351–402. * 1928. Mollusken vom Bismarck-Archipel, von Neu-Guinea und Nachbar-Inseln. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 55, 119–146. * 1929–1935. Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. 2 Bände. 1–1154. 1154 p., 584 figs. * 1930. Gastropoda und Bivalvia. In: Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger südwest-asutralischen Forschungsreise 1905 (Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. ed.), vol. 5, No. 8, 561–596. * 1931. Über einige hauptsächlich afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930, 392–403.


References

*Bieler, R. & P. M. Mikkelsen (eds.) (1992). Handbook of Systematic Malacology, Part 1 (Loricata olyplacophora Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Smithsonian Institution and National Science Foundation, xviii + 625 pp., 470+1 text-fig. (Annotated English-language edition of: Thiele, J., Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde, Teil 1). Also published, in 1993, by Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart/Jena/New York.


External links

*
Kenneth J. Boss and Rudiger Bieler: Thiele, Johannes. "To Zoology. Part 2. Genus-Group Names (Mollusca).", Nemouria, Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History nr. 39, 1991
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thiele, Johannes 1860 births 1935 deaths People from East Prussia People from Gołdap 20th-century German zoologists German malacologists Teuthologists 19th-century German zoologists