Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen (1849–1894) was a Russian

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

of German descent, known for his studies of East-European plants.HUH Publications Index
/ref>

Early life and education

Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen was born in St Petersburg. His father was a librarian at the

Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

. After attending the Gymnasium, Schmalhausen studied botany at the

University of St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public university, public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a de ...

graduating with a

magister degree A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from la, magister, "teacher") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education. The magister degree arose in medieval universities in Europe and was originally equal to the ...

in 1874. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the University for the botanical essay "On plant hybrids. Observations from St. Petersburg", was selected for a Professorial career and sent abroad from 1874 to 1876. He studied in Strasbourg (with

Heinrich Anton de Bary Heinrich Anton de Bary (26 January 183119 January 1888) was a German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist (fungal systematics and physiology). He is considered a founding father of plant pathology (phytopathology) as well as the fou ...

and

Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper (12 May 1856 – 9 September 1901) was a German botanist and phytogeographer who made major contributions in the fields of histology, ecology and plant geography. He travelled to South East Asia and the Caribbea ...

), Zurich (with

Oswald Heer Oswald Heer (or Oswald von Heer) (31 August 1809 – 27 September 1883), Swiss geologist and naturalist, was born at Niederuzwil in Canton of St. Gallen and died in Lausanne. Biography Oswald Heer was educated as a clergyman at Halle and ...

), Vienna, Prague, Munich, Berlin, visited the Alps, Northern Italy and Southern France. In 1877 he became a conservator at the herbarium of the Imperial Botanical Garden in Saint Petersburg and was ordained as a professor (Russian doctorate).

Career

From 1878 he was associate professor at Vladimir University of Kiev and later professor of botany. For several years he was director of the botanical garden at the University of Kiev. His youngest son was the evolutionary biologist

Ivan Schmalhausen Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen (russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Шмальга́узен; April 23, 1884 – October 7, 1963) was a Ukrainian, Russian and later Soviet zoologist and evolutionary biologist of German descent. He developed the th ...

Legacy

The genus '' Schmalhausenia'' (family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

) is named in his honor.

Published works

* ''Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Milchsaftbehälter der Pflanzen'', 1877. * ''Beiträge zur Jura-Flora Russlands'', 1879. * ''Beiträge zur Tertiärflora Süd-West-Russlands'', 1883. * ''Tertiäre Pflanzen der Insel Neusibirien'', 1890.

References

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Schmalhausen, Johannes Theodor 1849 births 1894 deaths Scientists from Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg State University alumni 19th-century German botanists Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Academic staff of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Russian people of German descent