Johannes Frederik Hulk Sr. (9 January 1829 – 12 June 1911) was a Dutch painter, draftsman, photographer, and owner of a paint supplies store.

Life and work

Hulk was born in

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

in 1829. He was the youngest son of the merchant Hendrik Hulk and his English wife Mary Burroughs. He received painting lessons from his older brother

Abraham Abraham, ; ar, , , name=, group= (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Jew ...

and from

Kasparus Karsen Kaspar, or Kasparus Karsen (April 2, 1810 in Amsterdam – July 24, 1896 in Biebrich near Wiesbaden, Germany) was a 19th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands who specialised in townscapes. Biography He was a pupil of Hendrik Gerri ...

. As a painter he mainly painted

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the ...

seascape A seascape is a photograph, painting, or other work of art which depicts the sea, in other words an example of marine art. The word originated as a formation from landscape, which was first used of images of land in art. By a similar devel ...

s, cities, villages, and harbors. He gave painting lessons to his son Johannes Frederik "John" Hulk Jr., and to

Bernard de Hoog Bernard de Hoog (born 19 November 1867 in Amsterdam, died in The Hague, 1943) was a Dutch painter influenced by the Hague School. Bernard showed talent as a schoolboy, but his request to study art was refused. He spent two or three years working ...

Bertha Müller Bertha Mathilde Müller (28 October 1848, Vienna - 26 January 1937, Vienna) was an Austrian portrait painter.

, and

Elias Stark Elias is the Greek equivalent of Elijah ( he, אֵלִיָּהוּ‎ ''ʾĒlīyyāhū''; Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ ''Eliyā''; Arabic: الیاس Ilyās/Elyās), a prophet in the Northern Kingdom of Israel in the 9th century BC, mentioned in several holy ...

. He was a member of the artists' society ''

Arti et Amicitiae Arti et Amicitiae (lat .: For Art and Friendship) is a Dutch artist's society founded in 1839, and located on the Rokin in Amsterdam. The Society (also called Arti for short) has played a key role in the Netherlands art scene and in particular i ...

'' in Amsterdam. Hulk was not only a painter, but also a draftsman and owned a painting and drawing supplies store, ''De Rembrandt'' ("The Rembrandt"), on the ''

Rokin The Rokin is a canal and major street in the centre of Amsterdam. The street runs from Muntplein, Amsterdam, Muntplein square to Dam Square, Dam square. The Rokin canal used to run from Muntplein square to Dam Square, but in 1936, the part between ...

'' in Amsterdam. After the advent of photography, he trained himself in this new discipline. Together with his partner, Pieter Vlaander, he ran a

photographic studio A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs. Since the early years of the 20th ce ...

called ''Rembrandt'', also on the ''Rokin''. They worked together as the photographic studio Hulk & Vlaander until 1867. They also opened a studio on the ''

Geldersekade De Geldersekade linksonder op de Vogelvluchtkaart van Cornelis Anthonisz uit 1544. The Geldersekade is a canal and a street in Amsterdam that connects the Nieuwmarkt with the Prins Hendrikkade. The Geldersekade is in the easternmost part of De ...

'' in

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...

. Hulk lived and worked most of his life in Amsterdam and in the nearby Sloten. After 1901 he lived successively in Vreeland,

Abcoude Abcoude () is a town and former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. Since 2011 it has been part of the municipality of De Ronde Venen. Population centres The former municipality of Abcoude consisted of the villages Abco ...

and

Haarlem Haarlem (; predecessor of ''Harlem'' in English) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland. Haarlem is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropoli ...

. Hulk was married twice. From his first marriage to Hermine Cornelie Auguste Mulder, he had a daughter Betsy (1853–1903) and a son John. After the death of his first wife in 1866, he married his housekeeper Margaritha Bakker in 1868 in Muiden. He died in 1911 in Haarlem. He is buried at the family cemetery in Muiderberg.

Gallery

File:Hulk_View_of_Amsterdam.jpg, A view of Amsterdam, c. 1880 File:Hulk_a_canal_in_amsterdam.jpg, A canal in Amsterdam, c. 1880 File:Gracht_in_amsterdam_Hulk.jpg, A canal in Amsterdam, c. 1880 File:Hulk_Amsterdamse_binnenhaven.jpg, View of Amsterdam's inner harbor, c. 1880 File:Hulk_marktdag.jpg, Market day outside the

Waag A weighhouse or weighing house is a public building at or within which goods are weighed. Most of these buildings were built before 1800, prior to the establishment of international standards for weights, and were often a large and representative ...

on the Nieuwmarkt, Amsterdam, c. 1880 File:Hulk_Platbodems.jpg, Moored

barge Barge nowadays generally refers to a flat-bottomed inland waterway vessel which does not have its own means of mechanical propulsion. The first modern barges were pulled by tugs, but nowadays most are pushed by pusher boats, or other vessels ...

s unloading, oil on canvas, c. 1880 File:Hulk_Spaarne.jpg, A view of the Spaarne, Haarlem, c. 1880

Exhibitions

Hulk held exhibitions of his photographic work at the '' Paleis voon Volksvlijt'' ("Palace of Industry") in Amsterdam in 1865, and in the ''Prentenkabinet'' ("Print Room") at the University of Leiden.

References

Biographical data about Johannes Frederik Hulk Sr.
on the website of the Netherlands Institute for Art History *Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon ("Artists of the world"): Hulk, J. F. *Leijerzapf, Ingeborg Th
Johannes Frederik Hulk sr.Obituary of J.F. Hulk
''Het nieuws van den dag'' ("The news of the day"), 15 June 1911 {{DEFAULTSORT:Hulk, Johannes Frederik 1829 births 1911 deaths 19th-century Dutch photographers 19th-century Dutch painters 20th-century Dutch painters Painters from Amsterdam Dutch draughtsmen Dutch landscape painters Dutch male painters 19th-century Dutch male artists 20th-century Dutch male artists