Johanna, De Korenbloem ( en, The Cornflower) or De Molen van Schennink is a

tower mill A tower mill is a type of vertical windmill consisting of a brick or stone tower, on which sits a wooden 'cap' or roof, which can rotate to bring the sails into the wind.Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia (2005), 520 Thi ...

Culemborg Culemborg () is a municipality and a city in the centre of the Netherlands. The city had a population of 29,386 on 1 January 2022 and is situated just south of the Lek river. Direct train lines run from the railway station towards the cities of U ...

Gelderland Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by ...

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

which was built in 1888 and has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument.

History

The first mill on this site was a

smock mill The smock mill is a type of windmill that consists of a sloping, horizontally weatherboarded, thatched, or shingled tower, usually with six or eight sides. It is topped with a roof or cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind. This typ ...

which was built in 1878 for Pieter Jan and Jan Pieter de Heus. It burnt down on 15 February 1888. ''Johanna'' was built to replace it. It was then known as ''De Korenbloem''. The cap and machinery from a demolished

drainage mill A windpump is a type of windmill which is used for pumping water. Windpumps were used to pump water since at least the 9th century in what is now Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The use of wind pumps became widespread across the Muslim world an ...

at Kortgerecht, Gelderland were used. In 1921, the mill was bought by J Schennink. Restorations were carried out in 1943, 1954, 1975-76 and 1993. In 1943, the mill was renamed ''Johanna''. From 1943-76, the sails were fitted with the Van Bussel system on their leading edges. ''Johanna'' remained in the ownership of the Schennink family until 2012, when it was sold to the Stichting Elisabeth Weeshuis. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, № 11580.

Description

''Johanna'' is what the Dutch call a "Grondzeiler". It is a three storey tower mill. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost down to ground level. The cap is covered in dakleer. Winding is by tailpole and winch. The sails are

Common sails Common may refer to: Places * Common, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland * Boston Common, a central public park in Boston, Massachusetts * Cambridge Common, common land area in Cambridge, Massachusetts * Clapham Common, originally com ...

. They have a span of . They are carried on a

cast iron Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impuriti ...

''windshaft'', which was cast by the Penn & Compagnie,

Dordrecht Dordrecht (), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after R ...

, South Holland in 1864. The windshaft also carries the ''brake wheel'', which has 68 cogs. This drives a ''lantern pinion wallower'' with 29 staves, which is situated at the top of the ''upright shaft''. At the bottom of the ''upright shaft'' is the ''great spur wheel'', which has 66 cogs. This drives a pair of diameter millstones via a ''lantern pinion stone nut'' with 23 staves. The millstones consist a French Burr runner stone and a Cullen bedstone.

Public access

''Johanna'' is open on Thursday and Saturday from 10:00 to 16:00, or if a blue pennant is flying.

References

{{Dutch Windmills Windmills in Gelderland Windmills completed in 1888 Tower mills in the Netherlands Grinding mills in the Netherlands Agricultural buildings in the Netherlands Rijksmonuments in Gelderland Culemborg