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Johann Bartholomew (Bartholomäus) Trommsdorff (8 May 1770,
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, north of the Thuringian Forest. It sits i ...
– 8 March 1837), was a German
chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...
and
pharmacist A pharmacist, also known as a chemist (Commonwealth English) or a druggist (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), is a healthcare professional who prepares, controls and distributes medicines and provides advice and instructi ...
noted for his 1805 ''Systematisches Handbuch der Gesammten Chemie'' (Systematic Handbook of the Whole of Chemistry); a work that was published in eight volumes. He was the son of Wilhelm Bernhard Trommsdorff (1738–1782), a pharmacist and a chemistry teacher at the
University of Erfurt The University of Erfurt (german: Universität Erfurt) is a public university located in Erfurt, the capital city of the German state of Thuringia. It was founded in 1379, and closed in 1816. It was re-established in 1994, three years after Germ ...
. His father died when he was twelve, causing the family financial difficulties. In 1784, Johann began work as an apprentice-pharmacist at the ''Hofapotheke'' in
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together with the neighbouri ...
under his father's friend Wilhelm Heinrich Sebastian Bucholz and
Johann Friedrich August Göttling Johann Friedrich August Göttling (5 June 1753 – 1 September 1809) was a notable German chemist. Gottling developed and sold chemical assay kits and studied processes for extracting sugar from beetsStettin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin language, Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital city, capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the Po ...
and Stargard, returning to
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, north of the Thuringian Forest. It sits i ...
in 1790, where he took charge of his late father's pharmacy, the ''Schwanen-Ring-Apotheke''. In 1795, he became an associate professor at the
University of Erfurt The University of Erfurt (german: Universität Erfurt) is a public university located in Erfurt, the capital city of the German state of Thuringia. It was founded in 1379, and closed in 1816. It was re-established in 1994, three years after Germ ...
, where he gave lectures in
chemistry Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions ...
,
mineralogy Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the proces ...
and
pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links heal ...
-
dispensary A dispensary is an office in a school, hospital, industrial plant, or other organization that dispenses medications, medical supplies, and in some cases even medical and dental treatment. In a traditional dispensary set-up, a pharmacist dispen ...
(''Rezeptierkunst''). Shortly afterwards he founded the ''Chemisch-physikalisch-pharmaceutische Pensionsanstalt für Jünglinge'', an establishment that is considered to be the first pharmaceutical institute in Germany. At the institute, prospective pharmacists were trained in
physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...
, chemistry and pharmacy, and also given instruction in the fields of
botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...
,
zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...
, mineralogy,
mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
and
natural philosophy Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior throu ...
. More than 300 students attended between 1795 and 1828, helping to train an entire generation of chemical pharmacologists for the German drug industry. Trommsdorff wrote monographs on a variety of chemical and pharmaceutical topics. In 1793, he was involved on the losing side in a scientific debate about the composition of
mercuric oxide Mercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula Hg O. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is v ...
, siding with his childhood friend
Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren (1 May 1760 – 26 November 1798) was a German chemist and a native of Bernburg. He began his career working in a pharmacy in Bernburg, and later worked as a pharmacist in Offenbach am Main and Erfurt. In 1782 he bega ...
in Halle, and losing the argument to anti-
phlogiston The phlogiston theory is a superseded scientific theory that postulated the existence of a fire-like element called phlogiston () contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion. The name comes from the Ancient Greek (''burni ...
ist Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt in Berlin. Trommsdorff also advocated for the establishment of a unified ''Naturphilosophen'' joining physics, chemistry, and natural history. By the 1800s, however, he had turned predominantly to empirical work. He published extensively, totaling over 400 works in his lifetime. His ''Journal der Pharmacie'' (1794–1834) was the primary periodical in the areas of pharmacy and pharmaceutical chemistry until 1832, when '' Annalen der Pharmacie'' was published by
Justus von Liebig Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 20 April 1873) was a German scientist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. As a professor at t ...
.


Associated writings

* ''Kurzes Handbuch der Apothekerkunst : zum Gebrauch für Lernende'' . Kaffke, Stettin 179
Digital edition
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
* ''Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch für practische Aerzte, welche bey dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmaceutischer Hinsicht vermeiden wollen'' . Beyer und Maring, Erfurt 179
Digital edition
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
* ''Systematisches Handbuch der gesammten Chemie'' - Systematic textbook of the whole of chemistry
Digital edition (Vol.1-5)
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
* ''Systematisches Handbuch der Pharmacie für angehende Aerzte und Apotheker '' 2. Ed. - Wien : Doll, 1816
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch für practische Aerzte, welche bey dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmaceutischer Hinsicht vermeiden wollen''. Beyer und Maring, Erfurt 179
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch für practische raktischeAerzte, welche bey dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmaceutischer Hinsicht vermeiden wollen''. Beyer und Maring, Erfurt Zweite verm. und verb. Ausg. 179
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Die Apothekerschule'', 1803 - The apothecary school. * ''Handbuch der pharmaceutischen Waarenkunde : zum Gebrauch für Aerzte, Apotheker und Droguisten''. Henning, Erfurt 179
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''J. B. Trommsdorffs neues praktisches Arzneybuch für Aerzte, Wundärzte und Apotheker''. Henning, Erfurt 180
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Gartenbuch für Aerzte und Apotheker zum Nutzen und Vergnügen mit 1 Kupfertafel'' . Hennings, Erfurt 2.Ausg. 180
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Lehrbuch der pharmaceutischen Experimentalchemie nach der neuern Theorie : zum Gebrauch für Ärzte und praktische Apotheker, und als Leitfaden zu Vorlesungen''. 2nd ed. Vollmer, Hamburg 180
Digital edition
/ 3rd ed. Pichler, Wien 180
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Neue Pharmacopoe, dem gegenwärtigen Zustande der Arzneikunde und Pharmacologie angemessen : nebst e. Anh., welcher die französische Militärpharmacopoe enthält''. - 2. Aufl. - Erfurt : Henning, 1811
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Die Grundsätze der Chemie, mit Berücksichtigung ihrer technischen Anwendung in einer Reihe allgemein faßlicher Vorlesungen entwickelt und durch Versuche erläutert : für Fabrikanten, Künstler und Gewerbtreibende ; mit 6 Steindruck-Taf.'' Keyser, Erfurt 182
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Oestreichische Pharmacopöe''. 3., verb. Ausg. Erfurt .a.: Henning .a. 1821
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
. * ''Der Briefwechsel von Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770–1837)'' by Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff and Dr. Wolfgang Götz - The correspondence of Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff. Works about Trommsdorff * ''Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770–1837) und die Begründung der modernen Pharmazie'',
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as wel ...
, Kommissionsverlag Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1972 - Part of the series: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Universität Erfurt (1392–1816), Heft 16.WorldCat Title
Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770–1837) und die Begründung der modernen Pharmazie


References



(biographical information) {{DEFAULTSORT:Trommsdorff, Johann 18th-century German chemists 1770 births 1837 deaths German pharmacists Academic staff of the University of Erfurt 19th-century German chemists