Johann Schnitzler (10 April 1835 – 2 May 1893) was an

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

laryngologist The larynx (), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in breathing, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of larynx into pharynx known as the laryngeal inlet is about ...

and professor. He was the father of

Arthur Schnitzler Arthur Schnitzler (15 May 1862 – 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and dramatist. Biography Arthur Schnitzler was born at Praterstrasse 16, Leopoldstadt, Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire (as of 1867, part of the dual monarchy ...

Life and work

Johann Schnitzler, son of a carpenter, was a native of

Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa (; hr, Velika Kaniža/Velika Kanjiža, or just ''Kaniža/Kanjiža''; german: Großkirchen, Groß-Kanizsa; it, Canissa; sl, Velika Kaniža; tr, Kanije), known colloquially as Kanizsa, is a medium-sized city in Zala County in southw ...

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

(then part of the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

). He studied medicine at the universities of

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

and

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, where in 1860 he earned his medical doctorate and from 1863 to 1867 worked as an assistant to Johann von Oppolzer (1808–1871). He habilitated for

percussion A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. Exc ...

auscultation Auscultation (based on the Latin verb ''auscultare'' "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope. Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory and respiratory systems (hea ...

and illnesses of respiratory organs in 1864. Schnitzler was among the founders of the Vienna General Policlinic in 1872 and became head of its laryngological department. In 1880 he was appointed associate professor of laryngology at the University of Vienna, and in 1884 became medical director of the policlinic. He married Luise Markbreiter (1838–1911), daughter of the renowned Viennese doctor Philipp Markbreiter, and they had four children: the doctor and playwright

(1862–1931); Joseph Emil, who died shortly after his birth in 1864; Julius Schnitzler (1865–1939), who also was a surgeon and professor; and Gisela (1867–1953). Schnitzler was a pioneer of modern laryngology, the author of numerous works and specialist articles on diseases of the throat and

larynx The larynx (), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in breathing, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of larynx into pharynx known as the laryngeal inlet is about ...

. His best known written work was ''Klinischer Atlas der Laryngologie'' ("Clinical Atlas of Laryngology"), which was published posthumously in 1895. In 1860, with Philipp Markbreiter (1810–1882), he founded the ''Wiener Medizinische Presse'', a publication of which he remained as editor until 1886. His reputation as laryngologist made him a sought after physician in theatre circles; likewise his son Arthur cared for celebrated actors like

Adolf von Sonnenthal Adolf von Sonnenthal (21 December 18344 April 1909), Austrian actor, was born of Jewish parentage in Budapest. Though brought up in penury and apprenticed to a working tailor, he cultivated his talent for drama, and was fortunate in receiving th ...

and

Charlotte Wolter Charlotte Wolter (March 1, 1834June 14, 1897), Austrian actress, was born at Cologne, and began her artistic career at Budapest in 1857. Biography She played minor parts at the theatre in Vienna, and soon obtained an engagement at the Victoria ...

, and numerous singers of the Viennese Court Opera. Johann Schnitzler died in Vienna aged 58 and was buried in the

Zentralfriedhof The Vienna Central Cemetery (german: Wiener Zentralfriedhof) is one of the largest cemeteries in the world by number of interred, and is the most well-known cemetery among Vienna's nearly 50 cemeteries. The cemetery's name is descriptive of its ...

cemetery. His son Arthur perpetuated parts of his life in the 1912 drama ''

Professor Bernhardi ''Professor Bernhardi'' (1912) is one of the best known plays written by the Viennese dramatist, short story writer and novelist Arthur Schnitzler. It was first performed in Berlin at the Kleines theater – Kammerspiele Landshut, Kleines Theate ...

''. Schnitzler is credited with coining the term "spastic

dysphonia A hoarse voice, also known as dysphonia or hoarseness, is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch. A hoarse voice, can be associated with a feeling of unease or scratchiness in the ...

" for a vocal disorder known today as

spasmodic dysphonia Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a pe ...

(SD).Medlink
Spasmodic dysphonia by Daniel D Truong and Roongroj Bhidayasiri

References

External links

Biography
at the

Jewish Encyclopedia ''The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day'' is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on th ...

Pagel: Biographical Dictionary
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schnitzler, Johann Hungarian otolaryngologists Austrian otolaryngologists Austrian Jews People from Nagykanizsa University of Vienna alumni Academics of the University of Vienna 1835 births 1893 deaths