![Ritratto_di_Johan_Paul_Schor_-_Bernini](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Ritratto_di_Johan_Paul_Schor_-_Bernini.jpg)
Johann Paul Schor (1615–1674), known in Rome as Giovanni Paolo Tedesco ( ''Tedesco'' literally means ''German'' in
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
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** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
), was an
Austrian
Austrian may refer to:
* Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent
** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law
* Austrian German dialect
* Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
artist. He was the preeminent designer of decorative arts in
Baroque Rome, providing drawings for state beds, fireworks, coaches, silver, textiles and even banquet setpieces executed in sugar. His numerous drawings have often been attributed in the past to
Bernini.
Biography
Born in
Innsbruck, he was a member of an extended
Tyrolese artistic family, who received his training in the active studio of his father, Hans Schor. In 1640 he established himself in Rome. There, in 1654, he became a member of the
Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca (the "Academy of Saint Luke") is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its fi ...
, the artists' academy.
Influenced by
Bernini and
Pietro da Cortona, the originality of his designs and his versatility gained him a prominent position among artists, patrons and craftsmen in Rome: "he united in his work the highly expressive artistic legacies of Cortona and Bernini with a calligraphic freedom, apparently stemming from
Callot and
Stefano della Bella
Stefano della Bella (17 May 1610 – 12 July 1664) was an Italian draughtsman and printmaker known for etchings of a great variety of subjects, including military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes. He left 1052 prints, and sev ...
, which at times seems to foreshadow the rococo" (Hibbard 1958:205.) Under Cortona he helped decorate the
Palazzo del Quirinale
The Quirinal Palace ( it, Palazzo del Quirinale ) is a historic building in Rome, Italy, one of the three current official residences of the president of the Italian Republic, together with Villa Rosebery in Naples and the Tenuta di Castelporzia ...
for
Pope Alexander VII Chigi. In 1659, the pope also commissioned Schor to execute Bernini's designs for rebuilding of the Chigi family chapel (''Capella della Madonna del Voto'' in the
Duomo di Siena
Siena Cathedral ( it, Duomo di Siena) is a medieval church in Siena, Italy, dedicated from its earliest days as a Roman Catholic Marian church, and now dedicated to the Assumption of Mary.
It was the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Siena, and ...
. In Rome, Schor assisted Bernini, in the gilt-bronze encasing of the
Chair of Saint Peter (Lanciani 1892), and other projects in the late 1650s and 1660s. (Hibbar 1958:205 note 10). Perhaps his most prominent undertaking was the ''
baldacchino'' in
Santo Spirito in Sassia
Church of the Holy Spirit in the Saxon District (Italian: ''La chiesa di Santo Spirito in Sassia'') is a 12th-century titular church in Rome, Italy. It is in '' Borgo Santo Spirito'', a street which got its name from the church, placed in the sou ...
.
Schor also helped decorate rooms of the Vatican and in
Palazzo Borghese
Palazzo Borghese is a palace in Rome, Italy, the main seat of the Borghese family. It was nicknamed ''il Cembalo'' ("the harpsichord") due to its unusual trapezoidal groundplan; its narrowest facade faces the River Tiber. The entrance at the oppos ...
, where he collaborated with
Carlo Rainaldi on the fountain for the ''
nymphaeum'' in the courtyard, depicting ''Venus at the Bath''. He supplied illusionistic ''quadratura'' suggesting sculptural enframements for ceilings at
Palazzo Colonna
The Palazzo Colonna () is a palatial block of buildings in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli. It is built in part over the ruins of an old Roman serapeum, and it has belonged to ...
, (1665-1668), where the painted subjects were provided by
Giovanni Coli and
Filippo Gherardi.
Limitations as a graphic artist might be suggested by the frontispiece that he provided for
Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 – 27 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine. Kircher has been compared to fe ...
's ''
Musurgia Universalis
''Musurgia Universalis, sive Ars Magna Consoni et Dissoni'' ("The Universal Musical Art, of the Great Art of Consonance and Dissonance") is a 1650 work by the Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. It was printed in Rome by Ludovico Grignani and dedi ...
'', 1650, but there, doubtless the composition was overloaded by the allegorical program provided by Kircher himself. When working on his own, his surviving drawings show more proficiency.
In his workshop during the 1670s he employed a young Austrian draughtsman named
Johann Bernhard Fischer, who returned to Vienna and a career in which he was ennobled as Fischer von Erlach, the pre-eminent Viennese practitioner of High Baroque architecture.
Johann Paul Schor died at
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
in
1674
Events January–March
* January 2 – The French West India Company is dissolved after less than 10 years.
* January 7 – In the Chinese Empire, General Wu Sangui leads troops into the Giuzhou province, and soon takes cont ...
.
Schor's sons Filippo Schor (born Rome, 1646) and Cristoforo Schor (born Rome, 1655; died Rome, 1701) were architects and continued their father's studio after his death. Both of them were among the Roman artisans taken to Naples by the new viceroy,
Gaspar Méndez de Haro, 7th Marquis of Carpio
Gaspar is a given and/or surname of French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish origin, cognate to Casper (given name) or Casper (surname).
It is a name of biblical origin, per Saint Gaspar, one of the wise men mentioned in the Bible.
Notable peop ...
, in 1683. Del Carpio himself had met all these artists through prince
Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna
Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna (1637–1689) was an Italian nobleman of the Colonna family. He was the 8th Duke and Prince of Paliano and hereditary Grand Constable of the Kingdom of Naples. He was also a Knight of the Golden Fleece.
Biography
Colonn ...
, grand constable of Naples, while del Carpio was Spanish ambassador to the
Holy See
The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of R ...
. In 1690 Cristoforo Schor made minor modifications to
Martino Longhi's facade of
Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi
The church of Saint Anthony in Campo Marzio, known as Saint Anthony of the Portuguese ( it, Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi, pt, Santo António dos Portugueses), is a Baroque Roman Catholic titular church in Rome, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Lisbo ...
.
Johann Ferdinand Schor was a studio assistant of
Carlo Maratta
Carlo Maratta or Maratti (13 May 162515 December 1713) was an Italian painter, active mostly in Rome, and known principally for his classicizing paintings executed in a Late Baroque Classical manner. Although he is part of the classical tradition ...
.
Notes
References
* Stefanie Walker, "
Tessin, Roman Decorative Arts and the Designer Giovanni Paolo Schor" in ''Konsthistorisk Tidscrift'' (Copenhagen), 72.1-2 (June 2003) pp 103 – 112.
* Stefanie Walker
2000-01 Rome Prize for a study of Schor at the
American Academy in Rome
The American Academy in Rome is a research and arts institution located on the Gianicolo (Janiculum Hill) in Rome.
The academy is a member of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers.
History
In 1893, a group of American architects, ...
.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schor, Johann Paul
1615 births
1674 deaths
17th-century Austrian people
17th-century Austrian artists
Baroque printmakers
Artists from Innsbruck
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Catholic decorative artists