Johannes Hoornbeek (4 November 1617,

Haarlem Haarlem (; predecessor of ''Harlem'' in English) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland. Haarlem is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropoli ...

– 23 August 1666, Leiden), was a Dutch Reformed theologian. He was a student and a follower of Gisbertus Voetius, writing with him on

spiritual desertion Religious disaffiliation is the act of leaving a faith, or a religious group or community. It is in many respects the reverse of religious conversion. Several other terms are used for this process, though each of these terms may have slightly diffe ...

. Like his teacher Voetieus, he was also later a professor of theology at the University of Leiden and University of Utrecht. The two universities were closely related in the 17th century, and both the teacher and his students participated in the intellectual "Utrech Circle." Another member of the circle was Hornbeek's student colleague Andreas Essenius. The circle was also known as ''De Voetiaanse Kring'' (The Voetian Circle), and it was one of the most influential intellectual circles of the Dutch second Reformation.

Works

Hoornbeck was a writer of polemical works. His many works include: *''De Conversione Indorum et Gentilum'', libri duo (on the conversion of native populations of Asia and America) *''Pro Convincendis, et Convertendis Judaeis'', libri octo (on the conversion of the Jews) He attacked the Socinians, Mennonites, the

Remonstrants The Remonstrants (or the Remonstrant Brotherhood) is a Protestant movement that had split from the Dutch Reformed Church in the early 17th century. The early Remonstrants supported Jacobus Arminius, and after his death, continued to maintain his ...

and

Cartesians Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre, Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza. Descartes is of ...

. A collection of his polemical writing was the ''Summa Controversiarum Religionis; Cum Infidelibus, Hæreticis, Schismaticis: Id Est, Gentilibus, Judæis, Muhammedanis; Papistis, Anabaptistis, Enthusiastis et Libertinis, Socinianis; Remonstrantibus, Lutheranis, Brouvnistis, Græcis'' of 1653 (second edition, 1658). He also wrote "a fierce critique of Judaism in general and of the Kabbalah in particular," advocating the conversion of the Jews to the Dutch Calvinist/Reformed Church. The book ''Tesjubat Jehuda sive pro convicendis et convertendis Judaeis Libri Octo'' was published in Leiden in 1655. He was painted by

Frans Hals Frans Hals the Elder (, , ; – 26 August 1666) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, chiefly of individual and group portraits and of genre works, who lived and worked in Haarlem. Hals played an important role in the evolution of 17th-century group ...

.">"Johannes Hoornbeek" by Frans Hals [Selected Works]
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Notes

External links

* 1617 births 1666 deaths Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians 17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians People from Haarlem Academic staff of Leiden University Academic staff of Utrecht University Frans Hals {{Theologian-stub