Johann Friedrich von Brandt (25 May 1802 – 15 July 1879) was a German-Russian naturalist, who worked mostly in Russia. Brandt was born in

Jüterbog Jüterbog () is a historic town in north-eastern Germany, in the Teltow-Fläming district of Brandenburg. It is on the Nuthe river at the northern slope of the Fläming hill range, about southwest of Berlin. History The Slavic settlement of ' ...

and educated at a gymnasium in

Wittenberg Wittenberg ( , ; Low Saxon language, Low Saxon: ''Wittenbarg''; meaning ''White Mountain''; officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg (''Luther City Wittenberg'')), is the fourth largest town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Wittenberg is situated on the Ri ...

and the

University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...

. In 1831 he emigrated to Russia, and soon was appointed director of the Zoological Museum of the

St Petersburg Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

. Brandt encouraged the collection of native animals, many of which were not represented in the museum. Many specimens began to arrive from the expeditions of Severtzov,

Przhevalsky Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (or Prjevalsky;; pl, Nikołaj Przewalski, . – ) was a Russian geographer of Polish descent (he was born in a Polish noble family), and a renowned List of explorers, explorer of Central Asia, Central and Eas ...

Middendorff Alexander Theodor von Middendorff (russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ми́ддендорф; tr. ; 18 August 1815 – 24 January 1894) was a zoologist and explorer of Baltic German and Estonian extraction. He is known for his exp ...

, Schrenck and

Gustav Radde Gustav Ferdinand Richard Radde (27 November 1831 – 2 March 1903) was a German natural history, naturalist and Siberian List of explorers, explorer. Radde's warbler and several other species are named after him. Biography Radde was born in Danzi ...

. He described several birds collected by Russian explorers off the Pacific Coast of North America, including

Brandt's cormorant Brandt's cormorant (''Urile penicillatus'') is a strictly marine bird of the cormorant family of seabirds that inhabits the Pacific coast of North America. It ranges, in the summer, from Alaska to the Gulf of California, but the population nort ...

red-legged kittiwake The red-legged kittiwake (''Rissa brevirostris'') is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae. It breeds in the Pribilof Islands, Bogoslof Island and Buldir Island in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska, and the Commander Islands, Russia ...

and

spectacled eider The spectacled eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria fischeri'') is a large sea duck that breeds on the coasts of Alaska and northeastern Siberia. The spectacled eider is slightly smaller than the common eider at 52–57 cm (20–22 inches) in l ...

. As a paleontologist, Brandt ranks among the best. He was also an

entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...

, specialising in

Coleoptera Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...

(beetles) and

Diplopoda Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a resu ...

(millipedes). He died in Merreküll,

Governorate of Estonia The Governorate of Estonia, also known as the Governorate of Esthonia (Pre-reformed rus, Эстля́ндская губе́рнія, r=Estlyandskaya guberniya); et, Eestimaa kubermang was a governorate in the Baltic region, along with th ...

. He is also commemorated in

Brandt's bat Brandt's bat or Brandt's myotis (''Myotis brandtii'') is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native throughout most of Europe and parts of western Asia. Taxonomy and etymology The species was described in 1845 by Ger ...

Brandt's hedgehog Brandt's hedgehog (''Paraechinus hypomelas'') is a species of desert hedgehog native to parts of the Middle East and Central Asia. Its common name derives from its having first been described by Johann Friedrich von Brandt, a director of the Zoo ...

, three other species of

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

s, and the lizard ''

Iranolacerta brandtii ''Iranolacerta brandtii'', also known commonly as Brandt's Persian lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is native to eastern Europe and western Asia. There are two recognized subspecies. Etymology ''I. brandtii'' ...

''.

Works

In addition, Johann Friedrich von Brandt concerned the continuation of the work ''Getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der in der Arzneykunde gebräuchlichen Gewächse'' of

Friedrich Gottlob Hayne Friedrich Gottlob Hayne (18 March 1763, Jüterbog – 24 April 1832, Berlin) was a German botanist, taxonomist, pharmacist and professor. Hayne showed an early interest in the plant world. From 1778 until 1796 he worked as a pharmacist in Berlin ...

. *''Flora Berolinensis, sive descriptio plantarum phanerogamarum circa Berolinum sponte crescentium vel in agris cultarum additis filicibus et charis (''Berlin, 1824) *''Deutschlands phanerogamische Giftgewächse (''Berlin, 1828) *''Tabellar Uebersichi d. offizin. Gewächse nach d. Linn. Sexualsystem u. d. natürl. System'' (Berlin, 1829) *''Medizinische Zoologie oder getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der Thiere, die in der Arzneimittellehre in Betracht kommen, 2 vols.'' (Berlin, 1829–1833), written with J. T. C. Ratzeburt *''Uebersicht d. Charactere d. Familien d. offizin. Gewächse nach R. Brown, De Candolle, Jussieu,…'' (Berlin, 1830) *''Deutschlands kryptogamische Giftgewächse'' (Berlin, 1838) *''Deutschlands phanerogamische Geftgewächse as Abbildung und Beschreibung der in Deutschland wild wachsenden und in Gärten in freien ausdauernden Giftgewächse, nach natürlichen Familien erläutert, mit Beiträgen von P. Phoebus und J. T. C. Ratzeburg'' (Berlin, 1838) *''Symbolae Sirenologicae quibus praecipue Rhutinae historia naturalis illustratur'' (St. Petersburg, 1846) *''Symbolae Sirenologicae…, fasc. 2 and 3'' (St. Petersburg, 1861–1868) *''Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences, St. Pétersbourg, 7th ser., 12, no. 1; Untersuchungen über die fossilen und subfossilen Cetaceen Europa’s mit Beiträgen von Van Beneden, Cornalia, Gastaldi, Quenstedt, und Paulson, nebst einem geologischen Anhange von Barbot de Marny, G. von Helmersen, A. Goebel und Th. Fuchs, ibid., 20, no. 1'' (1873) *''Ergänzungen, ibid., 21, no. 6'' (1874) *''Bericht über die Fortschritte, welche die zoologischen Wissenschaften den von der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg von 1831 bis 1879 herausgegeben Schriften verdanken'' (St. Petersburg, 1879) *''J. F. Brandtii index operum omnium'' (St. Petersburg, 1876), issued as a Festschrift. *''Getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der in der Arzneykunde gebräuchlichen Gewächse wie auch solcher, welche mit ihnen verwechselt werden können''. 12 Volumes, 1805–1856 (continued from Johann Friedrich Brandt,

Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (16 February 1801– 24 October 1871) was a German zoologist, botanist, entomologist, and forester. Biography Ratzeburg was born in Berlin, the son of a professor at the veterinary school of the University ...

und

Johann Friedrich Klotzsch Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (9 June 1805 – 5 November 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist. His principal work was in the field of mycology, with the study and description of many species of mushroom. Klotzsch was born in Wittenberg. Origin ...

)
Digital Edition
by the

University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...

* ''Abbildung und Beschreibung der in Deutschland wild wachsenden und in Gärten im Freien ausdauernden Giftgewächse nach natürlichen Familien erläutert. Band 1: Phanerogamen'' Hirschwald, Berlin 183
Digital edition
by the

* ''Abbildung und Beschreibung der in Deutschland wild wachsenden und in Gärten im Freien ausdauernden Giftgewächse nach natürlichen Familien erläutert. Band 2: Kryptogamen'' Hirschwald, Berlin 183
Digital edition
by the

*Untersuchungen über die fossilen und subfossilen cetaceen Europa's. Mémoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, Series 7 20(1):1-372 1873

Taxa described by Brandt

Genera

*''

Hemisyntrachelus ''Hemisyntrachelus'' is an extinct genus of cetacean.''Hemisyntrachelus''
at ...

Species

* ''

Acipenser baerii The Siberian sturgeon (''Acipenser baerii'') is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, including the O ...

'' Brandt, 1869 (Siberian sturgeon) * '' Acipenser guldenstadti'' Brandt &

Ratzeburg Ratzeburg (; Low German: ''Ratzborg'') is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakes—the resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the district Herzogtum Lau ...

, 1833 (Caspian or Russian sturgeon) * ''

Acipenser schrenckii The Japanese sturgeon, or Amur sturgeon (''Acipenser schrenckii'') is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae found in the Amur River basin in China and Russia. Claims of its presence in the Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the ma ...

'' Brandt, 1869 (Amur sturgeon) *''

Chrysaora Fuscescens The Pacific sea nettle (''Chrysaora fuscescens''), or West Coast sea nettle, is a common Plankton, planktonic scyphozoan that lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Canada to Mexico. Sea nettles have a distinctive golden-brown bell with a redd ...

'' Brandt, 1835 (Pacific sea nettle) * '' Emberiza bruniceps'' Brandt, 1841 (Red-headed bunting) * '' Emberiza cioides'' Brandt, 1843 (Meadow bunting) * ''

Holothuria leucospilota ''Holothuria leucospilota'', commonly known as the black sea cucumber or black tarzan, is a species of marine invertebrate in the family Holothuriidae. It is placed in the subgenus ''Mertensiothuria'' making its full scientific name ''Holothuria ...

'' Brandt, 1835 (black long sea cucumber) * '' Idotea ochotensis'' Brandt, 1851 * '' Lasiopodomys brandtii'' ( Radde, 1861) (Brandt's vole) * ''

Ligia dilatata ''Ligia dilatata'' is a woodlouse in the Family (biology), family Ligiidae. Identification It has a finely granular surface and a body that is slightly convex, as well as eyes that are large and convex. It has relatively small uropods. It can b ...

'' Brandt, 1833 (sea slater) *''

Metridium farcimen ''Metridium farcimen'' is a species of sea anemone in the Family (biology), family Metridiidae. It is commonly known as the giant plumose anemone or white-plumed anemone. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska down to Santa Catalin ...

'' Brandt, 1835 (Giant Plumose Anemone) * '' Mesocricetus brandti'' ( Nehring, 1898) (Brandt's or Turkish hamster) * ''

Myotis brandtii Brandt's bat or Brandt's myotis (''Myotis brandtii'') is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native throughout most of Europe and parts of western Asia. Taxonomy and etymology The species was described in 1845 by Ger ...

'' Eversmann, 1845 (Brandt's bat) * '' Paraechinus hypomelas'' (Brandt, 1836) (Brandt's hedgehog) * '' Urile penicillatus'' (Brandt, 1837) (Brandt's cormorant) * ''

Porphyrophora hamelii The Armenian cochineal (''Porphyrophora hamelii''), also known as the Ararat cochineal or Ararat scale, is a scale insect indigenous to the Ararat plain and Aras (Araks) River valley in the Armenian Highlands and in Turkey. It was formerly u ...

'' Brandt, 1833 (Armenian cochineal) * '' Somateria fischeri'' Brandt, 1847 (spectacled eider) * '' Stichopus chloronotus'' Brandt, 1835 (black sea cucumber) * '' Trionyx maackii'' Brandt, 1858 (Chinese softshell turtle)Uniprot Taxonomy
/ref>

References

* Anonym 1877 Das fünfzigjährige Doktorjubiläum des Akademikers Geheimrat Johann Friedrich Brandt am 12.(24.) Januar 1876. St. Petersburg. * Anonym 1879 randt, J. F.''Botan. Ztg''. 37 743 * Anonym 1879: randt, J. F.''Naturaliste Canad''. 1 111 * Anonym 1879: iography''Zool. Anz.'' 2 480 * Medvedev, G. S. 2000 randt, J. F.''Trudy Russk. ent. Obsc.'' 71 6-22, Portr. * Ratzeburg, J. T. C. 1874 ''Forstwissenschaftliches Schriftsteller-Lexikon''. Berlin, Nicolai'sche Buchhandlung : X+1-516 72-76 * Strauch, A. 1889 ''Das zoologische Museum der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg in seinem fünfzigjährigen Bestehen''.

Notes

External links

* *
Brandt J. F.
scanned books.

in Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. {{DEFAULTSORT:Brandt, Johann Friedrich von German taxonomists 1802 births 1879 deaths German carcinologists German entomologists German ornithologists Myriapodologists Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences People from Jüterbog People from the Province of Brandenburg Humboldt University of Berlin alumni 19th-century German zoologists Privy Councillor (Russian Empire)