Johann Böhm (20 January 1895 – 27 November 1952) was a

German Bohemian German Bohemians (german: Deutschböhmen und Deutschmährer, i.e. German Bohemians and German Moravians), later known as Sudeten Germans, were ethnic Germans living in the Czech lands of the Bohemian Crown, which later became an integral part o ...

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...

who focused on

photochemistry Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible light (400–7 ...

and

radiography Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object. Applications of radiography include medical radiography ("diagnostic" and "therapeut ...

. The

aluminum Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It has ...

-containing mineral ''

boehmite Boehmite or böhmite is an aluminium oxide hydroxide (γ-AlO(OH)) mineral, a component of the aluminium ore bauxite. It is dimorphous with diaspore. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic dipyramidal system and is typically massive in habit. It is ...

'' (or ''böhmite'') was named after him. Wiley Online Library
Böhm studied at the German Polytechnic University in Prague and then worked with

Fritz Haber Fritz Haber (; 9 December 186829 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen ...

in Berlin where he re-designed and considerably improved the Weissenberg x-ray

goniometer A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. The term goniometry derives from two Greek words, γωνία (''gōnía'') 'angle' and μέτρον (''métron'') 'me ...

.Johannes Böhm, '' Das Weissenbergsche Röntgengoniometer. '' In: ''Zeitschrift für Physik'' 39 (1926) pp. 557–561.Martin J. Buerger (MIT):
''Karl Weissenberg and the development of X-ray crystallography, '' part 4: ''Further Developments of Weissenberg’s Method.'' (PDF) In 1926

George de Hevesy George Charles de Hevesy (born György Bischitz; hu, Hevesy György Károly; german: Georg Karl von Hevesy; 1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role ...

, then a professor at the

University of Freiburg The University of Freiburg (colloquially german: Uni Freiburg), officially the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (german: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), is a public university, public research university located in Freiburg im Breisg ...

, invited Böhm to co-operate with him on a series of experiments in

spectrographic analysis Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. Matter wa ...

. Afterwards Böhm worked at Freiburg University as an assistant and later as an associate professor. L. Dobiášová:
'Structure of microworld - the world seen by invisible rays . Struktura mikrosvěta – Svět viděný nedviditelnými paprsky. '' Abstract. In: ''Materials Structure'', vol. 7, No. 1 (2000)], p. 29University calendar
of Freiburg University, summer term 1935 From October 1935 he was a professor of physical chemistry at the Charles University in Prague#Split into Czech and German universities, German University in Prague. After the

war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...

Böhm was allowed to remain in the country and become again a citizen of Czechoslovakia because he had been active in the anti-Nazi movement supporting Czech scientists such as

Jaroslav Heyrovský Jaroslav Heyrovský () (December 20, 1890 – March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of the electroanalytical method, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1959 for his ...

, but was not permitted to continue his academic career. He worked in an industrial research institute in Rybitví (''Výzkumný ústav organických syntéz''). Web of Science v České republice
A few days before his death he was appointed Corresponding Member of the

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences The Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Czech: ''Československá akademie věd'', Slovak: ''Česko-slovenská akadémia vied'') was established in 1953 to be the scientific center for Czechoslovakia. It was succeeded by the Czech Academy of Science ...

. He died in Prague on 27 November 1952.

References

External links

Contains short biography of Böhm (in Czech)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boehm, Johann 1895 births 1952 deaths Scientists from České Budějovice People from the Kingdom of Bohemia German Bohemian people Czechoslovak chemists 20th-century German chemists Czech Technical University in Prague alumni