Johann Baptist Chiari (15 June 1817 – 11 December 1854) was an Austrian

gynecologist Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the area of medicine that involves the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, forming the combined area ...

and

obstetrician Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgi ...

born in

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the ...

. In 1841 he received his medical doctorate at

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, where he subsequently practiced obstetrics and gynecology for most of his professional career. In 1853 he became a professor of obstetrics at the University of Prague, and for a short time worked in the Josephinum of Vienna. He died in 1854 at the age of 37 from

cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and ...

. He was the father of

pathologist Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...

Hans Chiari Hans Chiari (4 September 1851 − 6 May 1916) was an Austrian pathologist, who was a native of Vienna. He was the son of gynecologist Johann Baptist Chiari (1817–1854), and brother to rhinolaryngologist Ottokar Chiari (1853–1918). Biograph ...

(1851–1916) and rhinolaryngologist

Ottokar Chiari Ottokar Chiari (1 February 1853 – 12 May 1918) was an Austrian laryngologist and professor at the University of Vienna who was a native of Prague. At Vienna he was an assistant to Leopold von Schrötter (1837–1908), and later succeeded Ka ...

(1853–1918). He was the son-in-law of

Johann Klein Johann Klein (25 March 1788 – 11 April 1856) was professor of obstetrics at the University of Salzburg and at the University of Vienna. Johann Baptist Chiari was his son-in-law. In Vienna, he was succeeded by professor Carl Braun in 1856. In th ...

, p123-124 footnote 1 to whom he was also an assistant at the first obstetrical clinic in Vienna from 1842 to 1844. With Karl von Braun-Fernwald (1822–1891) and

Joseph Späth Joseph Späth (13 March 1823 in Bozen – 29 March 1896) was professor of obstetrics in Vienna, and from 1873 to 1886 he was director of the second obstetrical clinic at the Vienna General Hospital. Following graduation at the University of Vien ...

(1823–1896), Chiari was co-publisher of an important handbook on

obstetrics Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgi ...

titled "''Klinik der Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie''". This textbook was the first to present the theories of

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (; hu, Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp ; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician and scientist, who was an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures. Described as the "saviour of mothers", he discovered that t ...

(1818–1865) in regards to

hygiene Hygiene is a series of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refer ...

and prevention of the spread of

puerperal fever Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than , chills, lower ab ...

. With German gynecologist Richard Frommel (1854–1912) the eponymous " Chiari-Frommel Syndrome" is named. This is a

postnatal The postpartum (or postnatal) period begins after childbirth and is typically considered to end within 6 weeks as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state. The terms puerperium, puerperal perio ...

disorder that is also known as

postpartum The postpartum (or postnatal) period begins after childbirth and is typically considered to end within 6 weeks as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state. The terms puerperium, puerperal perio ...

galactorrhea Galactorrhea ( also spelled galactorrhoea) ( galacto- + -rrhea) or lactorrhea ( lacto- + -rrhea) is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing. Galactorrhea is reported to occur in 5–32% of women. M ...

amenorrhea Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiological states of amenorrhoea are seen, most commonly, during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). Outside the reproductive years, there is absence of menses ...

syndrome.

References

* This article incorporates text based on a translation of an equivalent article at the

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''Johann Baptist Chiari''
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Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograph ...

Austrian gynaecologists Physicians from Salzburg 1817 births 1854 deaths {{Austria-med-bio-stub