Joel Deutsch (; , Nikolsburg – ,

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) was a

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The me ...

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

writer,

pedagogue Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as ...

, and distinguished deaf educator.

Biography

Joel Deutsch was born in Nikolsburg,

. He was a close student of

rabbinical literature Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history. However, the term often refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era, as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writ ...

and an energetic collector of Hebrew books. In 1844, he became a teacher at the ''Allgemeine österreichische israelitische Taubstummen-Institut'' in Nikolsburg, a school for deaf

children established that year by philanthropist Hirsch Kolisch at the suggestion of

Catholic priest The priesthood is the office of the ministers of religion, who have been commissioned ("ordained") with the Holy orders of the Catholic Church. Technically, bishops are a priestly order as well; however, in layman's terms ''priest'' refers only ...

Dr. Franz Herrmann Czech. The school developed into one of the leading schools of its kind in Europe, and was one of the first schools for deaf children which started an intensive auditory education program, thanks to its close co-operation with

otologist Otology is a branch of medicine which studies normal and pathological anatomy and physiology of the ear (hearing and vestibular sensory systems and related structures and functions) as well as their diseases, diagnosis and treatment. Otologic ...

Viktor Urbantschitsch. In a letter to Edward Walter, director of the Institute for the Deaf in Berlin, Deutsch asserted that the students who had undergone their training programme were of decided intelligence, contrary to contemporary thought about deaf-mutes. In support of this contention, he sent an essay by one of his students, Bernhard Brill, and said that he doubted whether any non-disabled person "could match his lucid and incisive style." Deutsch became

director Director may refer to: Literature * ''Director'' (magazine), a British magazine * ''The Director'' (novel), a 1971 novel by Henry Denker * ''The Director'' (play), a 2000 play by Nancy Hasty Music * Director (band), an Irish rock band * ''Di ...

when the school was transferred to Vienna in 1852. In 1859 he was decorated with the ''Goldene Verdienstkranz'' and in 1869 received the title ''Kaiserlicher Rath''. On 17 February 1870, Deutsch survived an

attempted murder Attempted murder is a crime of attempt in various jurisdictions. Canada Section 239 of the ''Criminal Code'' makes attempted murder punishable by a maximum of life imprisonment. If a gun is used, the minimum sentence is four, five or seven ye ...

by a teacher named Isaac Bardach, who had been severely reprimanded by Deutsch for whipping several of the children unmercilessly. Deutsch retired from his position in 1888. His pupils became teachers in the schools for the deaf of New York City, London,

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

, and

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, and the leading Jewish schools for deaf children were influenced by his work.

Bibliography

* ', Vienna, 1863 * ''Wörtersammlung zur Gedächtnissübung für den Ersten Anschauungsunterricht Taubstummer Kinder'', Vienna, 1881 * ''Wörter- und Aufgabensammlung für den Ersten Unterricht Taubstummer Kinder'', Vienna, 1881 * ''Vorlege-Blätter zur Einleitung der Unentbehrlichsten Grammatischen Formen'', Teplitz, 1877

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deutsch, Joel 1813 births 1899 deaths 19th-century educational theorists Austrian educational theorists 19th-century Austrian Jews Book and manuscript collectors Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery Czech Jews Educators of the deaf Jewish educators People from Mikulov Heads of schools in Austria Stabbing survivors