Joe McDonald Ingraham (July 5, 1903 – May 27, 1990) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. He is best known as being the judge who sentenced the then

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to the maximum 5-year sentence available for refusing to fight in the unpopular Vietnam War.

Education and career

Born in Pawnee County,

Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...

, Ingraham received a Bachelor of Laws from

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(now the

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) in Washington, D.C., in 1927. He was then in private practice in

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, Oklahoma until 1928, then in

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, Texas until 1935, and then in Houston, Texas from 1935 to 1942. He was in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, from 1942 to 1946, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.Wilson, Steven Harmon. ''The Rise of Judicial Management in the U.S. District Court of Texas, 1955–2000'',

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, Athens, Georgia, page 51. . After the war, he returned to private practice in Houston until 1954.

Federal judicial service

On May 10, 1954, Ingraham was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas vacated by Judge Thomas Martin Kennerly. Ingraham was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 6, 1954, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on December 31, 1969, due to his elevation to the Fifth Circuit. On December 2, 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Ingraham for elevation to a new seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit created by 82 Stat. 184. Confirmed by the Senate on December 17, 1969, Ingraham received his commission the following day. He assumed senior status on July 31, 1973, serving in that capacity until his death, on May 27, 1990, in Houston. He served additionally as a judge of the Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals from 1976 to 1988.

References

Sources

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ingraham, Joe Mcdonald 1903 births 1990 deaths Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas United States district court judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower 20th-century American judges Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit United States court of appeals judges appointed by Richard Nixon United States Army Air Forces officers People from Pawnee County, Oklahoma 20th-century American lawyers National University School of Law alumni