Don Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *County Donegal, Ireland, Chapman code DON *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name *Don, Benin, a town in Benin *Don, Dang, a vill ...

Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y Gutiérrez-Calderón (22 February 1808 – 8 October 1865) also known as El Pontífice (The Pontiff), was a Spanish politician and writer who served as

Prime Minister of Spain The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government ( es, link=no, Presidente del Gobierno), is the head of government of Spain. The office was established in its current form by the Constitution of 1978 and it was first regula ...

in 1847 and held other important offices such as

Minister of State Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In o ...

. He was also the 3rd

Attorney General of Spain The Attorney General of the State ''(')'', or also, Prosecutor General, is the head of the Prosecution Ministry (''Ministerio Fiscal''), the body with functional autonomy in the Judiciary, that has constitutionally been entrusted with the promotio ...

Biography

Early life

On 22 February 1808, Pacheco was born in

Écija Écija () is a city and municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Seville, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is in the countryside, 85 km east of the city of Seville. According to the 2008 census, Écija had a total populat ...

as son to a notary of the city council. He studied

humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

at Asunción College in Córdoba and in 1823 went to the

University of Seville The University of Seville (''Universidad de Sevilla'') is a university in Seville, Spain. Founded under the name of ''Colegio Santa María de Jesús'' in 1505, it has a present student body of over 69.200, and is one of the top-ranked universi ...

, where he studied

jurisprudence Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning a ...

, obtaining his bachelor’s degree in law in 1829. There developed a lifelong friendship with fellow student,

Juan Donoso Cortés Juan Donoso Cortés, marqués de Valdegamas (6 May 1809 – 3 May 1853) was a Spanish counter-revolutionary author, diplomat, politician, and Catholic political theologian. Biography Early life Cortés was born at Valle de la Serena (Extrem ...

. They both frequented the political and literary circles.

Journalism

In 1832, he moved to

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

working as a lawyer. It was at this time he had literary and journalistic inclinations, founding the newspaper ''La Abeja'' in 1834. He used the platform as a way to express views of . He also collaborated with other newspapers such as ''El Artista'' and ''El Español''. In the world of law, with

Juan Bravo Murillo Juan Bravo Murillo (24 June 1803 – 11 February 1873) was a Spanish politician, jurist and economist. He was president of the council of ministers of Spain (equivalent to the present-day position of prime minister / president of the govern ...

, he founded ''El Boletín de Jurisprudencia y Legislación''. In 1844, he held the chair of Constitutional Political Law at the

Ateneo de Madrid The Ateneo de Madrid ("Athenæum of Madrid") is a private cultural institution located in the capital of Spain that was founded in 1835. Its full name is ''Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid'' ("Scientific, Literary and Artistic ...

, previously holding those of Legislation (1836–1838) and Criminal Law (1839–1840).

Political career

Pacheco was a liberal, being a member of the

Moderate Party The Moderate Party ( sv, Moderata samlingspartiet , ; M), commonly referred to as the Moderates ( ), is a liberal-conservative political party in Sweden. The party generally supports tax cuts, the free market, civil liberties and economic liber ...

since 1834, and in 1840 declaring before parliament, From 1837 to 1858, he held a seat in the

Congress of Deputies The Congress of Deputies ( es, link=no, Congreso de los Diputados, italic=unset) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. The Congress meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palace of the Parliament () in Ma ...

, representing the Province of Córdoba. In 1858, he was elected senator. On 28 March 1847, he was appointed

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

, a position he held for 5 months. His management was limited to retaining office as the

Cortes Generales The Cortes Generales (; en, Spanish Parliament, lit=General Courts) are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house), and the Senate (the upper house). The Congress of Deputies meets ...

held an opposing majority and he received the animosity of the king consort,

Francisco de Asis Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...

as well as the royal clique. He returned to the

Spanish Government gl, Goberno de España eu, Espainiako Gobernua , image = , caption = Logo of the Government of Spain , headerstyle = background-color: #efefef , label1 = Role , data1 = Executive power , label2 = Established , da ...

, with

Baldomero Espartero Baldomero Fernández-Espartero y Álvarez de Toro (27 February 17938 January 1879) was a Spanish marshal and statesman. He served as the Regent of the Realm, three times as Prime Minister and briefly as President of the Congress of Deputies. ...

in 1854, and

Alejandro Mon Alejandro is the Spanish form of the name Alexander. Alejandro has multiple variations in different languages, including Aleksander (Czech, Polish), Alexandre ( French), Alexandros (Greek), Alsander (Irish), Alessandro (Italian), Aleksandr (Rus ...

in 1864. He served as ambassador to Mexico from 1860 until his expulsion in January 1861. Upon his arrival in

Veracruz City Veracruz (), known officially as Heroica Veracruz, is a major port city and municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The city is located along the coast in the central pa ...

, he traveled to

Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...

, at the time occupied by

Miguel Miramón Miguel Gregorio de la Luz Atenógenes Miramón y Tarelo, known as Miguel Miramón, (29 September 1831 – 19 June 1867) was a Mexican conservative general who became president of Mexico at the age of twenty seven during the Reform War, serving b ...

, to present his status. He recognized Miramón, lending him prestige. Public opinion was negative towards Pacheco and when the capital returned to federal forces in 1861, he received an order of expulsion, certified by

Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Liberalism in Mexico, Mexican liberal politician and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. As a Zapotec peoples, Zapo ...

, from the Secretary of State and Foreign Relations on 12 January. He was also ambassador to London (1856), Rome (1854 and 1864), as well as France, prosecutor of the Supreme Court (1843 and 1847), a member of the

Royal Spanish Academy The Royal Spanish Academy ( es, Real Academia Española, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with ...

Royal Academy of History The Real Academia de la Historia (RAH, 'Royal Academy of History') is a Spanish institution in Madrid that studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the diff ...

Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a cit ...

, and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. He was elected president of the

Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a cit ...

, as well as the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in 1865, being unable to serve in the latter case. On 8 October 1865, Pacheco died as a part of the

1863–1875 cholera pandemic The fourth cholera pandemic of the 19th century began in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region and traveled with Haj, Muslim pilgrims to Mecca. In its first year, the epidemic claimed 30,000 of 90,000 pilgrims. Cholera spread throughout the Middle ...

Works

Poems

*''Catón'' (1828) *''A la señora doña...'' (1831) *''Oda a la amnistía'' (1833), a neoclassical poem *''Una noche'' (1833) *''Meditación'' (1834)

Travel Book

*''Italia'' (1857)

Theater

*''Alfredo'' (1835), a romantic drama *'' Los Infantes de Lara'' (1836), a historical drama *''

Bernardo del Carpio Bernardo del Carpio (also spelled Bernaldo del Carpio) is a legendary hero of the medieval Spain. Until the end of the nineteenth century and the labors of Ramón Menéndez Pidal, he, not El Cid, was considered to have been the chief hero of mediev ...

'' (1848), a drama

History

*“Historia de las Cortes de 1837” (1839), in ''Madrid Magazine''

References

, - , - , - , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Pacheco, Joaquin Francisco 1808 births 1865 deaths People from Écija Moderate Party (Spain) politicians 19th-century Spanish politicians 19th-century Spanish lawyers Prime Ministers of Spain Foreign ministers of Spain Members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain) Members of the Senate of Spain Politicians from Andalusia Ambassadors of Spain to France Ambassadors of Spain to Mexico Members of the Royal Spanish Academy Attorneys general of Spain Prosecutors general of Spain