Joannes Charles Melchior Chatin (19 August 1847 – 4 July 1912) was a French

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

and

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

Biography

Joannes Charles Melchior Chatin was born in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, the son of the doctor and botanist

Gaspard Adolphe Chatin Gaspard Adolphe Chatin (30 November 1813 – 13 January 1901) was a French physician, mycologist and botanist who was born in Isère, and died in Les Essarts-le-Roi. He was the first to prove that goiter was related of iodine deficiencies. He stud ...

(1813-1901). During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, he was an ''aide-major'' in the French army. He gained the title doctor of medicine in 1871 and doctor of natural sciences in 1872. In the same year he became ''professeur agrégé'' at the École supérieure of pharmacy directed by his father. Then he was a demonstrator at École pratique des hautes études and a lecturer to the Faculty of Science of the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

. On January 4, 1887, he was made assistant professor at that university, then in 1899, full professor. He was a member of l’

Académie Nationale de Médecine Situated at 16 Rue Bonaparte in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the Académie nationale de médecine (National Academy of Medicine) was created in 1820 by King Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the instituti ...

(25 May 1886) and l’

Académie des sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the ...

(1900). Also he was an officer of the

Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

. He died in

Les Essarts-le-Roi Les Essarts-le-Roi () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. Geography Les Essarts-le-Roi is bordered by Coignières and Lévis-Saint-Nom to the northeast, Dampierre-en-Yvelines to the east, S ...

(Seine-et-Oise) in 1912.

Partial list of publications

*''Études botaniques, chimiques et médicales sur le Valérianées'', (dissertation) 1872 - Botanical, chemical and medical studies on Valerianaceae. *''Études sur le développement de l'ovule et de la graine, dans les Scrofularinées, les Solanacées, les Borraginées et les Labiées'', 1872 - Studies on the development of the

ovule In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the ''integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the fe ...

and seed in Scrophulariaceae,

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

Boraginaceae Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the order ...

and

Labiatae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

. *De la Localisation des principes oléo-résineux dans les Valérianées, in: ''Comptes rendus des séances et mémoires de la Société de biologie'', Bd. 4, 1872 - Localization of oleo-resinous principles in Valerianaceae. *Thèses présentées à la Faculté des sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de Docteur ès sciences naturelles, 1873 - Thesis presented to the Faculty of Paris for the degree of doctor of

natural sciences Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

. *''Recherches pour servir à l'histoire botanique, chimique et physiologique du Tanguin de Madagascar'', 1873 - Research involving the botanical, chemical and physiological history of the faux manguier of

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

. *''De la Feuille'', 1874 *''Du Siège des substances actives dans les plantes médicinales'', 1876 - treatise on active substances in

medicinal plants Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including defense and protection ag ...

. *Sur la structure et les rapports de la choroïde et de la rétine chez les mollusques du genre Pecten, in:'' Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris'', Bd. 2, 1878 - On the structure and relationship involving the

choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear ...

and

retina The retina (from la, rete "net") is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then ...

in molluscs of the genus Pecten. *''Les Organes de sens dans la série animale'', 1880 *''Contributions expérimentales à l'étude de la chromatopsie chez les batraciens, les crustacés et les insectes'', 1881 - Experimental contributions to the study of

color vision Color vision, a feature of visual perception, is an ability to perceive differences between light composed of different wavelengths (i.e., different spectral power distributions) independently of light intensity. Color perception is a part of ...

amphibians Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arbore ...

crustaceans Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...

and insects. *''La Trichine et la trichinose'', 1883 - Trichina and trichinosis. * Sur un Nématode parasite de l'oignon vulgaire, in: Extraits ''des Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences de Paris'', 97, 1883 - On a

nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

parasite of the common

onion An onion (''Allium cepa'' L., from Latin ''cepa'' meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ''Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion ...

. *''Morphologie comparée des pièces maxillaires, mandibulaires et labiales chez les insectes broyeurs'', 1884 *Nouvelles recherches sur la ladrerie du mouton, in: ''Bulletin de l'Académie de médecine, 2. Folge'', Bd, 16, 1886 *''La Cellule nerveuse'', 1890 - The nerve cell. *''La Cellule animale. Sa structure et sa vie'', 1892 *''Le mâchoire des insectes. Détermination de la pièce directrice'', 1897 (Digitalisat) *''Les organes de relation chez les vertébrés'', in: Liauté (Hrsg) : ''Encyclopédie scientifique des aide-mémoire''.

Sources

* Traduction de l'article de langue allemande de Wikipedia (version du 26 juin 2007). translated again.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatin, Joannes Charles Melchior 19th-century French botanists 19th-century French zoologists University of Paris alumni Members of the French Academy of Sciences Officers of the Legion of Honour 1847 births 1912 deaths 20th-century French botanists 20th-century French zoologists