Joan Jiko Halifax (born July 30, 1942) is an American
Zen Buddhist teacher,
anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...
,
ecologist,
civil rights activist,
hospice
Hospice care is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life by ...
caregiver, and the author of several books on
Buddhism and
spirituality
The meaning of ''spirituality'' has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape o ...
. She currently serves as
abbot and guiding teacher of
Upaya Zen Center
Upaya Institute and Zen Center is a center for residential Zen practice located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and founded by Joan Halifax Roshi. The center focuses on integration of Zen practice with social action, with traditional cultivation of wisdo ...
in
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe ( ; , Spanish for 'Holy Faith'; tew, Oghá P'o'oge, Tewa for 'white shell water place'; tiw, Hulp'ó'ona, label=Tiwa language, Northern Tiwa; nv, Yootó, Navajo for 'bead + water place') is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. ...
, a
Zen Peacemaker
The Zen Peacemakers is a diverse network of socially engaged Buddhists, currently including the formal structures of the Zen Peacemakers International, the Zen Peacemaker Order and the Zen Peacemaker Circles, many affiliated individuals and gro ...
community which she founded in 1990. Halifax-
roshi has received
Dharma transmission
In Chan Buddhism, Chan and Zen Buddhism, dharma transmission is a custom in which a person is established as a "successor in an unbroken Lineage (Buddhism), lineage of teachers and disciples, a spiritual 'bloodline' (''kechimyaku'') theoretica ...
from both
Bernard Glassman and
Thich Nhat Hanh, and previously studied with the
Korean master
Seung Sahn. In the 1970s she collaborated on
LSD research projects with her ex-husband
Stanislav Grof
Stanislav "Stan" Grof is a Czech-born psychiatrist who has been living in the United States since the 1960s. Grof is one of the principal developers of transpersonal psychology and research into the use of non-ordinary states of consciousness ...
, in addition to other collaborative efforts with
Joseph Campbell
Joseph John Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was an American writer. He was a professor of literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work covers many aspects of the ...
and
Alan Lomax
Alan Lomax (; January 31, 1915 – July 19, 2002) was an American ethnomusicologist, best known for his numerous field recordings of folk music of the 20th century. He was also a musician himself, as well as a folklorist, archivist, writer, sch ...
. She is founder of th
Ojai Foundationin
California, which she led from 1979 to 1989. As a
socially engaged Buddhist, Halifax has done extensive work with the dying through her Project on Being with Dying (which she founded). She is on the board of directors of the
Mind and Life Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to exploring the relationship of science and Buddhism.
Biography
Joan Halifax was born in
Hanover, New Hampshire in 1942. At age four a serious
virus caused her to go
legally blind, from which she recovered two years later. In 1964 she graduated from
Harriet Sophie Newcomb College at
Tulane University in
New Orleans, Louisiana, where she had become drawn into the
American civil rights movement and participated in
anti-war
An anti-war movement (also ''antiwar'') is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term anti-war can also refer to pa ...
protests.
[Ford, 172-173][Alive in Death] Halifax moved to
New York City and began working with
Alan Lomax
Alan Lomax (; January 31, 1915 – July 19, 2002) was an American ethnomusicologist, best known for his numerous field recordings of folk music of the 20th century. He was also a musician himself, as well as a folklorist, archivist, writer, sch ...
, and by 1965 she was reading books on
Buddhism and teaching herself how to
meditate
Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm ...
. She worked at the
Bureau of Applied Social Research at
Columbia University with Alan Lomax from 1964–1968. She then went to Paris and worked at the
Museum of Man in the Ethnographic Film Section. She received her
Ph.D. from
Union Institute & University at
Cincinnati in
medical anthropology and
psychology and worked at the
University of Miami School of Medicine. She also went to
Mali, where she studied the indigenous
Dogon tribe. During the 1970s, Halifax went to
Mexico to study the
Huichols.
[Znamenski, 61-62]
Halifax entered a relatively short-lived marriage with
Stanislav Grof
Stanislav "Stan" Grof is a Czech-born psychiatrist who has been living in the United States since the 1960s. Grof is one of the principal developers of transpersonal psychology and research into the use of non-ordinary states of consciousness ...
in 1972.
While together the two examined the use of
LSD as a support mechanism for those dying, jointly publishing the book ''The Human Encounter With Death'' in 1977. The book discusses several "
rebirth" incidents which are rather similar to regular reports of
near death experiences.
In 1979, Halifax founded the Ojai Foundation, an educational and interfaith center. In 1990 Halifax founded
Upaya Zen Center
Upaya Institute and Zen Center is a center for residential Zen practice located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and founded by Joan Halifax Roshi. The center focuses on integration of Zen practice with social action, with traditional cultivation of wisdo ...
located in
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe ( ; , Spanish for 'Holy Faith'; tew, Oghá P'o'oge, Tewa for 'white shell water place'; tiw, Hulp'ó'ona, label=Tiwa language, Northern Tiwa; nv, Yootó, Navajo for 'bead + water place') is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. ...
. The center offers
Zen training, in addition to various courses and retreats on topics such as
engaged Buddhism and caring for the dying. According to author Sarah Buie, Upaya is, "...a residential and teaching center on the outskirts of Santa Fe on the site of earlier Buddhist communities. While proceeding in an organic and incremental way, integrating existing structures into the Upaya campus, Joan's vision for its present form has been comprehensive. It is based on her deep understanding of the consonance of mind and spatial expressions. She considers our condition of interrelatedness and interdependence (ties to ancestors and traditional uses of the land, natural cycles and resources, placing sites within the local topography of mountain and river, the interdependence of exterior and interior spaces, and relationships with the community itself) in the design choices she has made. Caring stewardship of the land and its resources has been a constant factor in the development of the site.
[Findly, 373-374]
As has already been noted, Joan Halifax has done extensive work with the dying over her career. Professor Christopher S. Queen writes—in the book ''Westward Dharma'' (edited by Charles S. Prebish and Martin Baumann), "She teaches the techniques of 'being with death and dying' to a class of terminally ill patients, doctors, nurses, lovers, family, and friends. She speaks calmly, with authority. In a culture where death is an enemy to be ignored, denied, and hidden away, Joan physically touches the dying. She holds them, listens to them, comforts them, calms them, and eases their suffering by any means possible. She shares their thoughts and fears; she feels their last shuddering breaths, holding them in her arms. She travels easily from church to synagogue, hospice to hospital, dispensing techniques and training born of Buddhist traditions and beliefs in a culturally and spiritually flexible manner."
[Prebish, 338]
In March 2011, she was appointed a distinguished visiting scholar at the
John W. Kluge Center,
Library of Congress.
Bibliography
* Halifax, Joan (2018)
''Standing at the edge: finding freedom where fear and courage meet'' New York: Flatiron Books, 2018.
* Halifax, Joan (2008)
''Being with Dying: Cultivating Compassion and Fearlessness in the Presence of Death'' Boston ; Boulder: Shambhala, 2008.
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Other media
Audio
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Video
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Photo
Photo by Joan Halifax
Notes
References
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External links
Joan Halifaxat the
Upaya Institute and Zen Center
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Halifax, Joan
1942 births
Living people
American anthropologists
American women anthropologists
American civil rights activists
Women civil rights activists
American spiritual teachers
American spiritual writers
American Zen Buddhist spiritual teachers
Buddhist abbesses
American Buddhists
American former Christians
Zen Buddhism writers
Engaged Buddhists
Kwan Um School of Zen
Writers from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Soto Zen Buddhists
Tulane University alumni
Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine alumni
White Plum Asanga
Zen Buddhist nuns
21st-century American women