Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County (; usually referred to as Jingzhou County, commonly abbreviated as Jingzhou, ) is an

autonomous county Autonomous counties () and autonomous banners () are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. The two are essentially identical except in name. There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are ...

Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...

and

Dong people The Kam people, officially known in China as Dong people (; endonym: , ), a Kam–Sui people of Southern China, are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They are famed for their native-bred ''Kam ...

s in Hunan Province, China, the county is under the administration of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China ...

Huaihua Huaihua () is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Hunan province, China. It covers and is bordered by Xiangxi to the northwest, Zhangjiajie and Changde to the north, Yiyang, Loudi and Shaoyang to the east, Guilin and Liuzhou of Guang ...

. It was known as "Jing County" (), renamed to the present name on February 19, 1987. Jingzhou is located on the southwestern margin of Hunan Province, adjacent to

Guizhou Province Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to ...

. It borders Jinpin, Liping and Tianzhu Counties of Guizhou to the west,

Tongdao County Tongdao (the full name: "''Tongdao Dong Autonomous County''", ; usually referred to as "''Tongdao County''", ) is an autonomous county of Dong people in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Huaihua ...

to the south, Suining County to the east,

Huitong County Huitong County () is a county of Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Huaihua Prefecturel-level City. Located on the west central margin of the province, the county lies to the east of the border of Guizhou. It is bordered to ...

to the north. The county covers , as of 2015, It had a registered population of 271,403 and a resident population of 253,000. o
ahmhxc.com
/ref> The county has six

towns A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...

and five

townships A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, C ...

under its jurisdiction, the

county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. The equivalent term shire town is used in the US st ...

is the town of Quyang ()., also see o
xinhuanet.com
/ref>

Etymology

The name "Jingzhou" appears on official papers dated 1103, when the local leader Yang Shengzhen () has allegiance to the

Song Empire The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

(960–1279). "Jing" means "pacify" and "zhou" means "prefecture".

History

According to the unearthed cultural relics, human habitation in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County dates back the

Paleolithic Age The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (), also called the Old Stone Age (from Greek: παλαιός ''palaios'', "old" and λίθος '' lithos'', "stone"), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone to ...

. During the

Xia Xia (Hsia in Wade–Giles) may refer to: Chinese history * Xia dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC), the first orthodox dynasty in Chinese history * Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) (407–431), a Xiongnu-led dynasty * Xia (617–621), a state founded by Dou Ji ...

Shang The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and f ...

and Zhou dynasties (2070 BC–256 BC), it belonged to Jingzhou (). During the Spring and Autumn period (722 BC–476 BC), Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County was under the rule of the state of Chu (1115 BC–223 BC). The

Qin dynasty The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...

(221 BC–207 BC) unified China in 221 BC. With the implementation of the system of prefectures and counties, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County belonged to Qianzhongjun (). From the

Han dynasty The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...

(206 BC–220 AD) to

Western Jin dynasty Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US * Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that i ...

(265–317), it came under the jurisdiction of Tancheng County () of Wulingjun (). The territory of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County has been governed by the

Eastern Jin dynasty Eastern may refer to: Transportation *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai *Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 *Eastern Air Li ...

(317–420),

Liu Song dynasty Song, known as Liu Song (), Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern Dynasty (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period ...

(420–479), Southern Qi dynasty (479–502),

Liang dynasty The Liang dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Liang () in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was preceded by the South ...

(502–557) and Chen dynasty (557–589). In 581, Emperor Wen of Sui established the Sui Empire (581–618), it was under the jurisdiction of Longbiao County () of Yuanlingjun (). In the

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdom ...

(618–907), it was under the jurisdiction of Langxi County () of Xuzhou (). In 911, during the

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (), from 907 to 979, was an era of political upheaval and division in 10th-century Imperial China. Five dynastic states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen conc ...

(907–960),

Ma Yin Ma Yin (; c. 853 – December 2, 930), courtesy name Batu (霸圖), formally King Wumu of Chu (楚武穆王), was Chinese military general and politician who became the first ruler of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu and the o ...

commissioned Lü Shizhou () to conquer the region, the local leader

Yang Zaisi Yang Zaisi (楊再思) (died 709), formally Duke Gong of Zheng (鄭恭公), was a Chinese politician serving several times as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong. Yang was criticized by traditional historians fo ...

led the army to surrender. But Yang's descendants set up a self-government authority in the region soon. In 1076,

Emperor Shenzong of Song Emperor Shenzong of Song (25 May 1048 – 1 April 1085), personal name Zhao Xu, was the sixth emperor of the Song dynasty of China. His original personal name was Zhao Zhongzhen but he changed it to "Zhao Xu" after his coronation. He reigned f ...

sent soldiers to seize the region and established "Chengzhou" () in 1081. In the next year, the imperial court established Quyang County () out of Yuanzhou () and it used to be in the territory of Chengzhou. In 1103, the local leader Yang Shengzhen () has allegiance to the

(960–1279) and the imperial court renamed the region "Jingzhou" (). In 1138, Quyang County was renamed Yongping County (). The ''zhou'' (prefecture) ruled three counties including Yongping,

Huitong Huitong County () is a county of Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Huaihua Prefecturel-level City. Located on the west central margin of the province, the county lies to the east of the border of Guizhou. It is bordered to ...

and

Tongdao Tongdao (the full name: "''Tongdao Dong Autonomous County''", ; usually referred to as "''Tongdao County''", ) is an autonomous county of Dong people in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Huaihua ...

. From 1167 to 1176, the exploitation and injustice policy sparked off a major rebellion. The Mongol

Yuan Empire The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...

(1271–1368) set up province system to maintain control of the vast region. Jingzhou was renamed Jingzhoulu (). In 1346, Wu Tianbao () and Yang Liuzong (), both headers of Miao people, rose up in national rebellion against Mongol occupation. The central government put down the rebellion three years later. In the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peo ...

(1368–1644), Jingzhou ruled four counties including

Suining Suining (; Sichuanese Pinyin: Xu4nin2; Sichuanese pronunciation: ; ) is a prefecture-level city of eastern Sichuan province in Southwest China. In 2002, Suining had a population of 658,798. Geography and climate Suining is located in the cen ...

and Tianzhu. In the Manchu

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-spea ...

(1644–1911), Jingzhou came under the jurisdiction of Hunan-Guangdong Provinces (). In 1698, Wu Guangdan (), a header of Li people, staged a massive uprising and killed the local military leader Li Chenggong (). The

(1644–1911) collapsed in 1911 and was replaced by the Republic of China. Jingzhou was changed to a county named "Jing County" () and belonged to Hunan Province. In March 1950, the CPC Jing County Committee was founded and Guo Zhiquan () served as the Party chief. In October, the People's Government of Jing County was set up. Li Shu () was appointed county magistrate and Cao Zhenjia () and Ming Yilun () were appointed deputy county magistrate. It was under the jurisdiction of Huitong Zhuanqu () from January 1950 to August 1952, Zhijiang Zhuanqu () from August 1952 to December 1952 and Qianyang Zhuanqu () from December 1952 to March 1959. On March 28, 1959, Jing County and Tongdao County merged into one named "Tongdao County". On July 1, 1961, Jing County was split from Tongdao County. In June 1981, Qianyang Zhuanqu was renamed " Huaihua Diqu" (), Jing County belonged to it. On February 19, 1987, the Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County was set up with the approval of the State Council.

Administrative division

As of October 2015, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County has five townships and six towns under its jurisdiction. The county seat is the town of

Quyang Quyang County () is under the administration of Baoding City, Hebei province, China. The county is famous for its stone carvings, many of which are exported abroad. The Beiyue Temple is located in Quyang city. Administrative divisions Towns: * He ...

Geography

Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County is located in the western Hunan province and southern Huaihua city. The county has a combined area of . The county shares a border with the counties of Jinpin, Liping and Tianzhu to the west, Suining County to the east,

to the north, and

Tongdao Dong Autonomous County Tongdao (the full name: "''Tongdao Dong Autonomous County''", ; usually referred to as "''Tongdao County''", ) is an autonomous county of Dong people in Hunan, Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of ...

to the south. The eastern and western sides of the county are mountainous areas, with

basins Basin may refer to: Geography and geology * Depression (geology) ** Back-arc basin, a submarine feature associated with island arcs and subduction zones ** Debris basin, designed to prevent damage from debris flow ** Drainage basin (hydrology), a ...

in the middle and

hill A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit. Terminology The distinction between a hill and a mountain is unclear and largely subjective, but a hill is universally considered to be not a ...

s in the north.

Climate

Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County is in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of , total annual rainfall of , a frost-free period of 290 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1336 hours.

Rivers

There are 101 rivers and streams in the county. The Qushui River () is the largest river in the county and it has 42 tributaries.

Lakes and reservoirs

There are 50 reservoirs and lakes in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County.

Mountains

There are more than nine mountains over above sea level in this county. Mount Qingdian () is the highest point in the county, which, at above sea level. The lowest point is Lack Xian (), which stands above sea level.

Demographics

The population of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, according to the 2017 census, is 275,128, of which 70,550 were urban population, 20,4578 were rural population. According to the 2006 Census, the ethnic makeup of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County included: 67,693

(26%), 122,368 Miao people (47%), 489 Hui people (0.19%), 315

Tujia people The Tujia ( Northern Tujia: ''Bifjixkhar'' / ''Bifzixkar'', IPA: , Southern Tujia: ''Mongrzzir'', ; ) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 8 million, the eighth-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's ...

(0.12%), and 116

Yao people The Yao people (its majority branch is also known as Mien; ; vi, người Dao) is a government classification for various minorities in China and Vietnam. They are one of the 55 officially recognised ethnic minorities in China and reside in t ...

(0.04%).

Language

Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...

is the official language. The local people speak

Kam language The Kam language, also known as Gam (autonym: ''lix Gaeml''), or in Chinese, Dong or Tung-Chia, is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. '' Ethnologue'' distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages. Di ...

, Hmongic languages, and Dungan language.

Religion

The Dong and Miao people believe in

animism Animism (from Latin: ' meaning ' breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Potentially, animism perceives all things— animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather syst ...

and worship ancestors.

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. ...

is the earliest foreign religion introduced in the county. Islam spread as Hui people moved into the area.

Education

By the end of 2017, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County had one county vocational secondary school, 15 high schools and middle schools, and 15 primary schools.

Transportation

Highway

The

G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway The Baotou–Maoming Expressway (), designated as G65 and commonly referred to as the Baomao Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China, and Maoming, Guangdong. When fully complete, it will be in leng ...

is a north–south highway passing through the county's downtown, commercial, and industrial districts in the eastern part of the county. The National Highway G209, also popularly known as G209, is a north–south highway passing through commercial and residential districts center of the county limits. The Provincial Highway S222, more commonly known as "S222", passes through the county leading northeastward to

and southwestward to

Liping County Liping County () is a county in the southeast of Guizhou province, China, bordering Hunan to the east and Guangxi to the southeast. It is part of the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture. History The county was affected by the Miao r ...

. The Provincial Highway S221, commonly abbreviated as "S221", runs south-east through Quyang Town and Zhaiya Township.

Rail

The Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway runs north–south through the county's downtown, commercial, and industrial districts.

Tourism

The famous natural landscapes of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County are: Mount Fei, National Forest Park of Mount Paiya (), and Mount Jiulong (). Major Buddhist temples in the county include Yanshou Temple (), Fangguang Temple (), Wufeng Temple (), Qingyun Temple (), and Guixiang Temple (). Major

Taoist temple A Taoist temple (, also called ''dàoguàn'' and , is a place where the Tao is observed and cultivated it is a place of worship in Taoism. Structure and function can vary according to the Taoist school the temple belongs to. For example, ''guà ...

s in the county include Temple of Wu () and Feishan Temple (). There are famous academies in the county include Zuoxin Academy (), Heshan Academy () and Ziyang Academy ().

References

Bibliography

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Jingzhou Miao And Dong Autonomous County County-level divisions of Hunan Huaihua Miao autonomous counties Kam autonomous counties