Jiaoxi Commandery ( zh, 膠西郡) was a historical
commandery
In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.Anthony Luttrell and G ...
of China, located in what is now eastern
Shandong.
The commandery was established in the
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
. In early
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
, it constituted part of the
Qi Kingdom. In 164 BC, Jiaoxi was granted to Liu Ang (劉卬), son of
Liu Fei, King of Qi, as a separate kingdom. Ang was killed in the
Rebellion of the Seven States
The Rebellion of the Seven States or Revolt of the Seven Kingdoms () took place in 154 BC against the Han dynasty of China by its regional semi-autonomous kings, to resist the emperor's attempt to centralize the government further.
Background
...
, and he was succeeded by Liu Duan (端), son of the reigning
Emperor Jing. During
Emperor Wu's reign, much of Jiaoxi was revoked for Duan's misdeeds. Duan died in 108 BC without issue, and Jiaoxi again became a commandery administered by the Han central government. In 73 BC, Jiaoxi was granted to Liu Hong (弘), son of King Li of Guangling (廣陵厲王), as the Gaomi Kingdom. His descendants ruled Gaomi for 4 generations:
*Liu Hong (弘), King Ai (哀) of Gaomi, 73–65 BC;
*Liu Zhang (章), King Qing (頃) of Gaomi, 65–31 BC;
*Liu Kuan (寬), King Huai (懷) of Gaomi, 31–20 BC;
*Liu Shen (慎), 20 BC – 8 AD.
The last king of Gaomi was deposed after the usurpation of
Wang Mang
Wang Mang () (c. 45 – 6 October 23 CE), courtesy name Jujun (), was the founder and the only emperor of the short-lived Chinese Xin dynasty. He was originally an official and consort kin of the Han dynasty and later seized the thron ...
. In early Eastern Han, the territory was merged into
Beihai Commandery.
In late Western Han, it administered 5 counties:
Gaomi
Gaomi () is a county-level city of eastern Shandong province, China, under the administration of Weifang City. It is the hometown of writer and 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature winner Mo Yan, who has set some of his stories in the region.
Admini ...
(高密), Chang'an (昌安), Shiquan (石泉), Yi'an (夷安), and Chengxiang (成鄉). The population was 192,536, or 40,531 households.
['']Book of Han
The ''Book of Han'' or ''History of the Former Han'' (Qián Hàn Shū,《前汉书》) is a history of China finished in 111AD, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. ...
'', Chapter 28.
References
{{reflist
Commanderies of the Qin dynasty
Commanderies of the Han dynasty